24.4 S Il THERMAL ENGINEERING. 24.4 EQUATION FOR WORK PER KG OF AIR COMPRESSED WITH AND WITHOUT CLEARAN! (a) Without Clearance ‘The p-v diagram for a single stage and single acting air-compressor is shown in Fig. 24.3. 4-1— represents the suction of air at pressure p,. During this operation inlet valve remains open. 1-2~ represents the compression of air polytropically. During this operation, inlet and delivering | valves remain closed. 2-3 — represents the discharge of air to the receiver at a pressure p,, The outlet valve remains open during this period. ‘The area given by the diagram 4-1-2-3-4 re} the work done per cycle. presents Fig, 24.3. Theoretical p-v diagram fe single acting compressor without clearance. Wepp,+ BUa=Pi _ oe n-1 P,— pe) + Pe + =0%,-p0) [1+ n wai Ps Pw) = > MRC, -T,) Noyce (24, a1 1] seal a) eal (2h n-1 Py not : (2 * _1| Nm/cycle wl 24, n=1 Pt where m is the mass of air delivered per cycle. Work done per kg of air delivered nol =—) arr, |(22)" 4] Nmugasm=1 a-l Pr . P (©) With Clearance Volume The p-v diagram for a single stage and single | acting air-compressor with clearance volume is shown in Fig. 24.4. At the end of the delivery stroke, the high fi pressure air is left in the clearance volume and the suction for the second cycle starts only when the air pressure falls to the atmospheric pressure. This is represented by the expansion curve 3-4. Assuming stage compressor with clearance.RECIPROCATING AIR-COMPRESSORS [ll 24.5 ie compression and expansion of the air follow the same law, the work done per cycle is given the area 1-2-3-4-1 on p-v diagram. = W=W.-W, here W, = Area 1-2-5-6-1. W, = Area 3-4-6-5-3. n-1 ant ap aa es ees. (2) : : As Ps =P, and p, =P, (84.5) (24.6) 224.7) jere m, is the actual mass of air delivered per cycle. Work done per kg of air delivered aot n po) * = RT, || 22|" —1| Nm/kgasm=1 (24.8) n-1 Pr It is obvious from the equations 24.4 and 24.8 that the clearance volume does not affect work of compression per kg of air. ‘The clearance volume of the compressor is given as a percentage of the stroke volume. 5 VOLUMETRIC EFFICIENCY The volumetric efficiency of a compressor is the ratio of actual free air delivered to the Jacement of the compressor. It is obvious from Fig. 24.4 that the actual volume delivered by pressor (v, ~v,) having clearance volume v, is less than the swept volume of the compressor ~v,). The volumetric efficiency of the compressor is given by 1, = Up sy a Ye Dies Wyeaats x ‘The clearance volume of the compressor is always given if terms of percentage stroke e and say it is denoted by K.24.6 BX THERMAL ENGINE But =py : P,¥\" as p, =p, and p, = p, and v, = v,. 1 ya ‘i K |{ po \r ee ee a (24, 100 (2 4 where (6) Volumetric efficiency of a'compressor referred to ambient conditions is given by _ Volume of air sucked and referred to ambient conditions : Swept volume ~ (Uy ~v,) referred to ambient conditions __p;Ty % Pot, Us where suffix 1 represents the suction and suffix ‘0’ represents the ambient conditions. n, (at ambient suction condition 1 Ba Pe)" Pot, | 100 Important Note. This efficiency should not be used for finding out the dimensions of tl cylinder. For finding out the dimensions of the cylinder, the volumetric efficiency based o1 suction condition only should be used.