F.

Sc XI Solved Exercise CH-08

Q8.1

What features do longitudinal waves have in common with transverse waves?

A8.1

Common features between longitudinal and transverse waves.

i) They produce disturbance in the medium in which they are travelling.
ii) Transport energy from one place to another.
iii) The equation v = f is valid for both waves.

Q8.2

The five possible waveforms obtained, when the output from a microphone is fed into the Yinput of the cathode ray oscilloscope, with the time base on, are shown in fig8.23 (on book).
These waveforms are obtained under the same adjustment of the cathode ray oscilloscope
controls. Indicate the waveform.
a. which trace represents the loudest note?
b. which trace represents the highest frequency?

A8.2

Loudness of sound depends on the intensity of sound which is directly related with the square of
amplitude of the waves. Hence fig b represents the loudest note. Trace b has the highest
frequency as the wavelength is small than other waves.

Q8.3

Is it possible for two identical waves travelling in the same direction along a string to give rise to
a stationary wave?

A8.3

No, there is no possibility for two waves travelling in the same direction along a string to give
rise to a stationary wave. As stationary wave is produced by the superposition of two identical
waves travelling in opposite direction.

Q8.4

A wave is produced along a stretched string but some of its particles permanently show zero
displacement. What type of wave is it?

A8.4

The wave in which some of its particles permanently show zero displacement is known as
stationary wave and these zero displacement maximum tension points are known as nodes.

Q8.5

Explain the terms crest, trough, node and antinodes.

A8.5

Crest: The portion of wave above mean position in a traverse wave is called crest.
Trough: The portion of wave below mean position in a traverse wave is called trough.
Node: Points having zero amplitude in a stationary wave is called node.
Antinodes: Points having maximum amplitude in a stationary wave is called antinodes.

Q8.6

Why does a sound travel faster in solids than in gases?

A8.6

In the relation v = (E / ) E Elasticity of the medium is directly proportional to velocity of

sound its value is greater for solids than in gases. The effect of density, is very less as
compared to E. The ratio of (E / ) is greater for solid than gases, so sound travel faster in solids
then in gases.

Q8.7

How are the beats useful in tuning musical instruments?

Asad Hussain BS-IT

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F.Sc XI Solved Exercise CH-08

A8.7

A new instrument is tuned as it is played with the standard musical instruments. They are
sounded together thus beats are produced. The frequency of the new instrument is changed
until the resonance occurs.

Q8.8

When two notes of frequency f1 and f2 are sounded together, beats are formed if f1>f2. What
will be the frequency of beats?
I) f1+f2

A8.8

ii)1/2(f1+f2)

iii) f1-f2

iv) (f1-f2)

Since we know that no of beats per second is equal to the difference between the frequencies of
the tuning forks. Hence option iii) f1-f2 is correct.

Q8.9

As a result of distant explosion, an observer senses a ground tremor and then hears the
explosion. Explain the time difference.

A8.9

Sound waves travel faster in solids than in air. The sound waves produced by the explosion
travel from two paths. One through ground reaches faster than traveling through air. This is the
reason for time difference.

Q8.10 Explain why sound travels faster in warm air than in cold air.
A8.10 v T ; v = ( P / ) The speed of sound varies directly as the square root of absolute
temperature and inversely to the square root of density of medium. As the temperature of air
increases, the pressure increases and density decreases. So, speed of sound increases in warm
air.
Q8.11 How should a sound source move with respect to an observer so that the frequency of its sound
does not change?
A8.11 Both the source and the observer should not move so their relative speed be zero. From
Doppler Effect, Then there will be no change in the frequency of its sound.

Asad Hussain BS-IT

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