10S

Acceptance
Sampling

McGraw-Hill/Irwin

Copyright 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Learning Objectives
Explain the purpose of acceptance sampling
Contrast acceptance sampling and process
control
Compare and contrast single- and multiplesampling plans
Determine the average outgoing quality of
inspected lots

10S-2

Sampling Plans
Acceptance sampling: Form of
inspection applied to lots or batches of
items before or after a process, to
judge conformance with predetermined
standards

Sampling plans: Plans that specify lot

size, sample size, number of samples,
and acceptance/rejection criteria

Single-sampling

Double-sampling

Multiple-sampling
10S-3

Acceptance Sampling
Acceptance Sampling most useful when
A large number of items must be processed in a
short time
The cost consequences of passing defects are
low
Destructive testing is required
Fatigue or boredom leads to inspection errors

10S-4

Operating Characteristic Curve

Operating Characteristic (OC) Curve: Probability
curve that shows the probabilities of accepting lots
with various fractions defective.

10S-5

Typical OC Curve
Probability of accepting lot

Figure 10S.1
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0

3%

.05

.10

.15

.20

.25

Lot quality (fraction defective)

10S-6

Decision Criteria
Probability of accepting lot

Figure 10S.2
1.00

Ideal

Not very
discriminating

Good

Bad

Lot quality (fraction defective)

10S-7

Sampling Terms
Acceptance quality level (AQL): the
percentage of defects at which consumers are
willing to accept lots as good

Lot tolerance percent defective (LTPD):

the upper limit on the percentage of defects
that a consumer is willing to accept

Consumers risk: the probability that a lot

contained defectives exceeding the LTPD will
be accepted

Producers risk: the probability that a lot

containing the acceptable quality level will be
rejected
10S-8

Consumers and Producers Risk

Probability of accepting lot

Figure 10S.3
1
= .10
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2 Good Indifferent
0.1
= .10
0
0
.05
.10
AQL

LTPD
Bad

.15

.20

.25

Lot quality (fraction defective)

10S-9

QC Curve for n = 10, c = 1

Probability of acceptance

Figure 10S.4
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0

.9139

.7361
.5443
.3758
.2440
.1493
.0860

.10

.20

.30

.40

.50

Fraction defective in lot

10S-10

Average Quality
Average outgoing quality (AOQ):
Average of inspected lots (100%) and
uninspected lots
N n
AOQ Pac p

Pac = Probability of accepting lot

p = Fraction defective
N = Lot size
n = Sample size

10S-11

AOQ (Fraction defective out)

Example S-2: AOQ

0
0.05
0.09 0.1
0.08
0.15
0.07
0.06 0.2
0.050.25
0.04 0.3
0.03
0.35
0.02
0.4
0.01

0
0.046
0.074
0.082
0.075
0.061
0.045
0.03
0.019

Approximate AOQL = .082

0
0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

Incoming fraction defective

10S-12