1

Cold War
What
do you
think
this
term
means?

Background:
After WW II, the US and USSR emerged as
rival superpowers.
Each nation was strong enough to greatly
influence world events.

The Cold War

United
Nations
formed
(1945)

1940s--1950s
1940s
NATO
formed
(1949) Korean SEATO
formed
War
(1950- (1955)
53)

Sputnik
launched
(1957)

1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960

The
Soviets
joins the
Allies in
WWII

Berlin
Yalta
Conference Airlift
(1945) (1948-49)
WWII
ends
(1945)

China
becomes
communist
(1949)

Warsaw
Pact
(1955)

U.S. and
Soviet
ICMBs
developed
(1957)

Watch this Crash Course Video and

respond to the following in your
notes
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y9HjvHZfCUI

1. According to John Green, did both the US and the USSR

have good reasons not to trust each other? Explain.
2. What happened to Germany at the end of WWII and
what does this have to do with the Cold War?
3. What was meant by the US policy of containment?
How did they support this policy? Explain.
4. What was the policy of M.A.D? What does this mean?
5. Was the Cold War an international/global conflict?
Explain.
6. Why did the Cold War end when it did? (Summarize)
6

Potsdam Conference
July 1945
Final wartime
conference
Big Three
England = Attlee
USA = Truman
USSR = Stalin

Stalin promised to allow

free elections in
Eastern Europe
7

Satellite Nations
Stalin never allowed
truly free elections.
Instead, communist
governments were
installed in many
Eastern European
nations.
Main Purpose?
Protect USSR from
invasion from the West

The Iron Curtain

Winston Churchill
coined this term.
Famous speech on
March 5, 1946
He claimed that an
iron curtain had
descended across
Europe What do you
think he meant by that?
9

10

Churchills Warning
Churchill felt that
behind the Iron Curtain,
the USSR was planning
to attack and conquer
Western Europe.

11

Division of Germany
The Allies decided to
divide Germany into 4
zones after the war.
Also, the capital of
Berlin was divided into
4 sectors.
SEE next 2 slides

12

13

14

Problem with Berlin?

Berlin was in the
Soviet Sector.
Stalin was not happy
with a small piece
of democracy in
Eastern Europe.
What did he do?

15

Berlin Blockade
June 1948, Stalin attempts to starve West
Berliners into submission.
All rail and street access was blocked.

16

Berlin Airlift
American and British
planes flew food and
supplies into Berlin
for 327 days.
Stalin lifted the
Blockade by May
1949.

17

18

Operation Little
Vittles
During the Berlin Airlift a
group of pilots decided to
help boost the spirits of
the German children.
They organized a mission
to drop candy to the
children using parachutes
made of handkerchiefs.

19

Canadas Role in the Cold War

Read p. 274 in your text
and write a summary
about the role that
Canada played in the
Cold War.
Read p. 275 in your text
and respond to the two
questions listed at the
end of the reading
20

Cold War in Canada

(1945-1960)
Was there reason to be
concerned?
Soviet domination of
Eastern Europe
China turned Communist
1 billion people!
Igor Gouzenko reveals a
Soviet spy ring at work in
Canada!!!!!!!!!
The Soviets test their first
Atomic bomb in Siberia in
1949!!!

21

What Caused the Cold War?

1. Different political systems:
=> America: democratic, capitalist, emphasis
on individual freedoms
=> Soviet Union: dictatorship, communist,
emphasis on state control
-Both were suspicious of each other America was
worried that Soviets were trying to spread
communism throughout Europe and the rest of the
world, while Soviets believed that the capitalist
countries wanted to undermine communism in
Europe.
22

2. Communist expansion in Eastern

Europe:
- As Russia drove back Hitler's troops at the
end of the war, it occupied as much territory
as it could in eastern Europe.
- The West was worried by what it saw as
Russian aggression, and believed that Stalin
was trying to spread communism throughout
Europe.

23

3. American hostility?:
-President Franklin Roosevelt (America's leader
during World War II) had trusted Stalin, but his
successor Truman was hostile to communist Russia.
-Truman did not tell Stalin about the atomic bomb
until just before its use, and refused to allow the
Soviets to participate in occupying Japan.
- Stalin already believed that the west had delayed
the invasion of Europe during the war so that the
Soviet Union would be weakened by Hitler, and this
merely increased his suspicion of the west, and his
desire to gain control of eastern Europe.
24

Emerging Nations: After World War II the people of Africa and Asia began
to demand their independence.
independence.

So How Would the

World Prevent
Another War in the
Face of this Obvious
Political Clash?
26

United Nations:

Keeping the Peace

An international peacekeeping
organization, the United
Nations (UN), came into
existence in 1945 with 51
original members.

The United Nations

Established as a replacement for the failed League of Nations, the
United Nations was designed to outlast its parent organization
28
and so far, at least, it has!

 Member nations are a part of the General Assembly.

United Nations General Assembly

The Security Council

The General
Assembly

30

 Any of the five permanent members of

the Security Council can veto the actions
or decisions of the General Assembly.
The Security Council has 15 members -- five permanent members and 10
elected by the General Assembly for two-year terms. The permanent
members are:

China

Russia

United States

France

Great Britain

Who is the current Secretary

General of the UN?

Where is UN headquarters?

32

Flag of the United Nations

United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon

The Cold War

NATO stands for:

A)Nations
A)
Nations against Totalitarian Order
B)Nations
B)
Nations allowing Totalitarian Order
C)North
C)
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
D)Nations, Alliances, Treaties &
D)Nations,
Organizations

The Cold War

Separate from the
United Nations, the U.S.
arranged a regional
organization of
capitalist-leaning allies.
Established in April of
1949, the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization
(NATO) included
several Western
countries and has
granted membership to
even more countries
since the end of the
Cold War (Albania and
Croatia joined in 2009).

The Cold War

Some of the
original members of
NATO included:
Canada, U.S., Belgium,
Britain, Denmark,
France, Iceland, Italy,
Luxembourg,
Netherlands, Norway,
Turkey, Greece, Spain
and Portugal. NATO
enjoyed close trade
relations and were
political and economic
allies during the Cold
War.

North Atlantic Treaty

Organization
NATO was established by a treaty in 1949
This organization established a system of collective
defense whereby its member states agree to mutual
defense in response to an attack by any external
party.
Original members were:
United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, France,
Denmark, Iceland, Italy, Norway, Portugal, Belgium,
Netherlands, and Luxembourg.
Greece (1952), West Germany (1955) join also

38

The Cold War

The Warsaw Pact was:

A) A group of American allies within the Soviet
Union
B) A group of Soviet allies in Europe and Asia
C) A group of undecided third
third--world countries
taking a stand against Cold War violence
D) An agreement to attack the United States in
need be

The Cold War

Nearly six years after the creation of NATO,
the Soviet Union arranged a similar group of
Eastern, communist-leaning nations called the
Warsaw Pact in 1955. Some of the original
members included: the Soviet Union,
Czechoslovakia, Poland, Albania, East Germany,
Romania, Bulgaria and Hungary.

The Warsaw Pact

Communist Response to NATO.
Signed on May 1, 1955 in Warsaw, Poland

Military treaty, which bound its signatories to come

to the aid of the others, should any one of them be
the victim of foreign aggression.
Original Members:
Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary, East Germany, Poland,
Rumania, the USSR, and the Czechoslovak Republic.

41

The Cold War Zero Sum Game

As both sides of
the Cold War struggle
sought to influence
the rest of the world,
a term called Zero
Sum Game came into
use. Just as in a
chess game, if you
lose a piece, you have
to take a piece to
keep an advantage.
So it was in the Cold
War struggle to
spread capitalist
ideology and
communist ideology.

43

The Cold War

Even though the term is commonly used
today to describe poor or underdeveloped nations,
third
third world
world was a Cold War term that really had
nothing to do with poverty or underdevelopment.

The Cold War

Any country that was not aligned with the
capitalists in the West (first world) or with the
Soviets in the East (second world) was considered
to be part of the yet-to-be-decided third world.
Many of these countries happened to be lack
industry/infrastructure. Therefore the term now
can mean an underdeveloped nation.

The Cold War Heats Up

46

Struggle for China

Mao Zedong wanted
China to become a
communist state after
WW II.

Chang Kai Shek fought

to stop the communists
but was unsuccessful.

47

Communist China
1949

48

The Korean War 1950-1953

First real test of the UNs
peace-making ability
North Korea =
Communist (occupied by
the Soviets)
South Korea =
Democratic & Capitalist
(occupied by the
Americans)
North Korea invaded the
South and then the UN
became involved

49

In 3 years of
war, 22,000 Cdns
fought in Korea
More than 1000
Cdns were
wounded
More than 300
Cdns were killed!
Although the
shooting stopped
on July 27, 1953,
Korea still remains
a divided country!
50

Hydrogen Bomb
US exploded the 1st Hbomb on November 1,
1952 in South Pacific.
This bomb completely
destroyed one island and left
a crater 175 feet deep.

Russians exploded one of

their own in August of
1953.

51

52

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LLCF7vPanrY

Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD)

53

Watch the Video Duck and

Cover and respond to the
following in your notes:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKqXu-5jw60

1.What is the
purpose of this
film?
2.Do you think that
this film would be
helpful for the
population?
Explain.
54

Suez Crisis -1956

Egypt nationalized the
Suez Canal and would not
allow ships headed for
Israel to pass through all
nations were supposed to
have access.
French, English, Israeli
force attacked Egypt.
After discussion, canal
was opened.

55

Canadas Role
Lester B. Pearson
(working with the
UN) decided to use
UN troops to diffuse
the conflict (UNEF)
Canada is
established as a
middle power
Pearson wins the
Nobel Prize
56

Hungarian Uprising 1956

The Hungarian people,
tired of Soviet
domination in their
country, rose in revolt
and called for a
democratic
government.
The Soviet response
was swift and brutal:

57

USSR Crushes Rebellion

Soviet tanks rolled into
Hungary and killed
30,000 Hungarians and
executed the
resistance leader
Imre Nagy.
US and UN did nothing
to help.
58

Space Race
On October 4, 1957 the
Soviet Union
successfully launched
Sputnik I.
The world's first artificial
satellite was about the
size of a beach ball.
Orbited the earth in 98
minutes.
The Race to control space was
on!
59

Conclusion
Moving into the 1960s, the
Cold War was really
starting to heat up with no
end in sight.
The Cold War will continue
in the 1960s with the world
moving closer to an open
conflict between the US
and USSR.

60