Chapter 3 Review Guide: Plants

Flowering Plant: a plant

with seeds that grows
flowers. Examples
include roses, sunflowers
and daisies.

Photosynthesis: the
process plants use to
make food from air,
water, sunlight and
energy.

Pollinate: to carry
pollen to another
flower. Bees help with
pollination.

Reproduce: to make
more of the same kind.
We reproduced plants
in class by growing
seeds.

Spore: a small cell that

grows into a new plant.

Vocabulary

Nutrient: anything needed by a

living thing for energy, growth
and repair. Humans find
nutrients in water and food and
sunlight. Plants find nutrients in
air, water, sunlight and the soil.

Oxygen: a gas in the air

that plants, animals and
humans need to
breathe.

Carbon Dioxide: a gas in air that

is plants use during
photosynthesis. It comes from
cars or the air people breathe
out.

Life Cycle: the stages

that a living thing goes
through during its life.
Germinate: to begin to
grow. We germinated
seeds in class using
paper cups and wet
tissue paper.

1
Created by R E Brown

Chapter 3 Review Guide: Plants

Lesson 1: How Can You Classify Plants

Classify means sorting something into a group.

Plants can be classified (or put) into groups how they look for example, color, size, and shape.
They can also be classified by how the reproduce or produce new plants and whether they have flowers or seeds.
Flowering plants are plants with seeds that grow flowers.
There are three groups of flowering plants and each group has different kinds of roots, stems, leaves and flowers.
See page 93 of the text book for the different groups of flowering plants.
Some kinds of plants do not grow flowers to make seeds. These plants are called nonflowering plants.
Coniferous trees grow cones instead of flowers to make seeds.
Seeds grow inside the cones.
The leaves of coniferous trees look like needles.
Ferns and mosses are two kinds of plants that do not make seeds. They reproduce by making spores.
Mosses make spores at the end of their stalks.
Ferns make spores underneath their leaves. ( See page 95 in the textbook for pictures).

Lesson 2: How Do Plants Use Leaves to Make Food?

Plants need food, air, water and space to live and grow. Many plants live and grow in soil.
There are 4 main parts of a flowering plant, leaves, roots, stems and flowers.
No matter what kind of plant it is, the roots always grow down because of gravity.

2
Created by R E Brown

Chapter 3 Review Guide: Plants

Plants make their own food. To do this, they make need energy from the sun.
The sunlight enters the leaves and helps plants make food. The food is a kind of sugar.
The process is called photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis starts when carbon dioxide enters the plant in tiny holes in the leaves.
Water moves from soil through roots to stems into each leaf.
The leaves use the energy from the sun to change carbon dioxide and water into sugar and oxygen.
Oxygen passes out of the plant through the tiny holes on the surface of the leaves. The plant uses the sugar to live
and grow.

3
Created by R E Brown

Chapter 3 Review Guide: Plants

Photosynthesis

4
Created by R E Brown

Chapter 3 Review Guide: Plants

Leaves help plants in other ways too. They help control the amount of water in a plant and they protect plants from
being eaten by insects. (see page 102 of the textbook)

Lesson 3: How Do Plants Use Roots and Stems to Grow

The roots of a plant are usually under the ground. They keep the plant stable and store food made by the leaves.
They take in water and minerals or nutrients from the soil.
A taproot is a type of root with one large root like a carrot. They grow very deep in the soil because of gravity.
In some plants like grass or pine trees, the roots spread out in many different directions. These are called fibrous
roots. They grow longer than taproots.
Stems support the leaves; they grow up toward the light.
Most stems have tiny tubes that move water and minerals from the roots to the leaves. Other tubes more food
from the leaves to the stems and the roots.
Plant stems come in many different shapes, sizes and colors. They can grow both above and below ground.
Cactus stems swell up to store water and they shrink back down when the cactus uses the water.
A potato is a plant stem. The part we eat is the part that stores food under the ground.

5
Created by R E Brown

Chapter 3 Review Guide: Plants

Lesson 4: How Do Plants Use Flowers or Cones to Reproduce?
Most plants make seeds that grow into new plants. Some plants grown stems or roots that grow into new plants,
they can reproduce both ways.
Plants grow seeds that then grow into new seeds.
After seeds are made they scatter or fly away from the parent plant. This gives the seed more room to grow.
One part of a flower makes pollen. Animals like bees or the wind can pollinate it. This means to carry the pollen to
another flower.
Fruit often grows around the seed to protect it like a peach.
Seeds have different shapes, sized and colors. All seeds have the same parts.

6
Created by R E Brown

Chapter 3 Review Guide: Plants

The seed is covered by a seed coat.

Seeds need air, the right amount of water and the right temperature to germinate.
Germinate means begin to grow.
The seedling grows out of the soil.
Leaves grown from the stem.
The leaves use sunlight to make sugar.
The seedling grows into an adult plant with flowers.
The flower is pollinated and new seeds grow.
Cones are made by conifer plants.
They grow cones instead of flowers to keep the seeds safe.
Conifers make two types of cones.
1. A small pollen cone.
2. A large seed cone.
Wind blows pollen from the small pollen cones to the large seeds cons.
When pollen sticks to the large seed cones, seeds begin to grow.
When the seeds are ready they float to the ground.

7
Created by R E Brown

Chapter 3 Review Guide: Plants

Lesson 5: What are the Life Cycles of some Plants?

Most living things begin their lives small and then grow bigger.
The stages a living thing goes through during its life are called a life cycle.
Not every plant has the same life cycle. It depends on how they reproduce.
Below is a diagram of the life cycle of a flowering plant.
Please see page 119 of the textbook for the life cycle of a conifer plant.

8
Created by R E Brown

Chapter 3 Review Guide: Plants

9
Created by R E Brown