World Cultures

11
Name: ______________________________
Unit III: Latin America
Date:
LATIN AMERICAN PEOPLES WIN INDEPENDENCE
Directions: After reading the document below, please answer the following questions
completely and
Thoroughly in complete sentence format.
Background Question:
1. What three factors motivated the people of Latin America to rebel against
their European controllers? Liberty, equality and democratic rule
Haitian Independence
1. Who controlled the colony of Haiti and what two leaders were responsible for
their independence? The French colony called Saint Dominque controlled the
colony of Haiti at the time and the two leaders were Toussaint LOuverture and
Jean-Jacques Dessalines.
1. Why were they able to win their independence so quickly and easily? Toussaint
led enslaved Africans on a revolt against the French.
1. How was this movement for independence different from revolutions in the rest
of Latin
America? [You will have to answer this question after reading the entire document.]
In Portugal there was no violence but in Haiti there was plenty of it. The French were
working to stop independence.
Viceroyalty of Peru
1. Identify and explain the specific events on the European continent affected
the movement for independence in Peru. King Ferdinand VII was removed by
Napoleon who made his brother Joseph become the King of Spain. IN 18008
rebellion broke out in several parts of Latin America.
1. The movement from independence was spearheaded by what two creoles. Who
were they and explain how they were able to gain it. Simn Bolvar and Jos de
San Martn. Bolvar was a liberator and San Martn was a military officer. The
two men discussed the Peru problem and San <Martin decided to leave his army
to Bolivar who went of the defeat the Spanish at the battle of Battle of
Ayacucho.
1. What name did they give to the independent viceroyalty?
Gran Colombia.
Viceroyalty of New Spain
1. How did the movement for independence differ from that of Peru?
There was no violence.

1. The movement began with the leadership of what two leaders? Explain their
rebellion and its successes/failures. Bolivar and San Martin where the two
leaders. Peru wanted to revolt from Spain. Bolivar thought up the plans and San
Martin and OHiggins where the muscles. Bolivars achievements were taking
over the Northern part of Spain after uniting Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador
in to Gran Colombia. He was exiled a few times but came back. San Martins
achievements consisted of freeing Argentina, Chile and the Southern part of
Peru.
1. Ironically, a creole DID eventually was successful in gaining freedom from
Spain. Who was he, and why did favor independence in 1820 when he did not
earlier?
Agustin de Iturbide gained independence from Spain in 1820 because he was afraid of
losing his privileges because the liberal group was taking over Spain. He changed his
mind and became independent to avoid the Liberals
1. What government/title did this liberator give the newly independent
viceroyalty?
What happened to his government? Iturbide had called himself Emperor of New Spain
but he was removed by Mexico. Their new nation was called the United Province of
Central America.
Brazil
1. Why was this colony governed differently than the Spanish colonies just prior
to independence?
Pedro gave them their independence willingly without any fighting. They used to always
fight.
1. How did the movement for independence differ in this Portuguese colony than
those of the Spanish colonies?
Many people were able to sign the petition saying they wanted Pedro to rule and this
was the first revolution without violence.