WASTE WATER TREATMENT

Population: (at the year 2050)

Pop = 500000 capita.

Average Sewage Flow: (at the year 2050)

Av. Sewage flow = Qav*.8 + Qav*.8*.15
Peak. Sewage flow = Qav*.8*P.F + Qav*.8*.15

Sewage flow = Qav*.7 + Qav*.7*.15

Flow Rate: (at the year 2042)

m 3 /d

18+ p
P.F. =
4+ p

m3 /hr

m3 /min

m3 /sec

l /sec

Qav

166607.4 6941.975 115.699

1.928

1928

Qmax

229783.4 9574.31

2.659

2659

159.57

= 1.53

Min.f. = 0.2 p1/6 = 0.56

Raw sewage characteristics:

- Influent BOD5 = 300 mg/l
- Influent S.S. = 400 mg/l
COD <= 600 mg/l
NH3 <=10 mg/l

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Waste Water Treatment

Treated effluent characteristics :

Effluent BOD5 =

20 ppm (irrigation of green belt)

Effluent S.S. = 20 ppm

COD
NH3

<= 30 mg/l
<= 5 mg/l

(A) PRIMARY WASTE WATER TREATMENT

1-Deceleration Tank (Slow Down Chamber).

Purpose:
To reduce velocity of sewage before treatment plaant .
Qd = Qmax = 159.57 m3 /min * lmin
Assume T = 1min
C 159.57 m 3 nLBd
C=Q*T
Assume n=1

Assume d= 2m

S .A = L * B = 79.785 m2
Assume L = 3 B

3B2 = 79.785

B = 5.2m

L= 15.6m.

Use 1 deceleration tank with L=15.6m B=5.2m

d=2m

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Waste Water Treatment

3-Approach Channel:.

Purpose:
Transmit sewage between different units in waste water Treatment plant & expose
sewage to oxygen to prevent anaerobic decomposition

Q d = Qmax = 2.659 m /sec

Assume v= 1m/sec (0.6 to 1.5 m/s)
Qd = x.Area * v
A

2.659m 3 / sec
1m / sec

x.Area = 2.659 m2

= b*d

Assume

(Best hydraulic section )

b= 2d

2d2 = 1.4
d = 1.15m

b = 2.3m

At min flow
To get dmin
Assume vmin = 0.6 m/sec
X.A =

1.32m 3 / sec
2.2m 2 b d min
0.6m / sec

d min 0.96m

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Waste Water Treatment

To get Smin
Use Manning Eq.
Vmin =
0.6 =

1
2/3
Rmin s1 / 2
n
1
2.3 * .96

0.015 2.3 2 * 0.96

2/3

* S min

1/ 2

Smin = 0.000445
Approach channel

d=1.15m

b=2.3m

dmin= 0.96m

Smin = 0.000192

4-Mechanical Screen:
Purpose:
Obstruct any strange bodies , big floating matter
Prevent clogging of upcoming units by relatively big contaminations.
Anet on inclined projection = 2 * Area of approach channel
2
= 5. 29 m
2
n L S = 5. 29 m
Assume spacing between bars = S = 0.05m
Assume angle of screen = = 60
Assume depth of water in screen = dscreen = dchannel + 0.1 m
Dscreen = 1.25m
d

1.25m

screen
1.44m
Inclined length of screen = L = sin
sin 60 o
.
n * 1.25*.05= 5 29m
n = 74

Take no of openings = no of spacings = n = 74ces

No of bars = n -1=74-1= 73 bars
Assume diameter of screen bars = 15mm
B = n*S+ (n-1) bar = 74*.05+73*0.015
= 4.8m
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Waste Water Treatment

Checks
1- v = velocity through screen chamber
Qmax
2.659m 3 / sec

0.41m / sec .3m / sec

B * dscreen
1.25 * 4.8

v=

(SAFE)

PUT V=.6
Bnew=3.5m
N=55
2- V= Velocity of flow through the openings
Qmax

V = n*s*d

screen

2.569
0.75m / sec
55 * 0.05 *1.25

Head loss through the screeen = hL =1.4*

HL= 1.4*

< 1.5m/s (SAFE

V 2 v2
15cm
2g

(0.75) 2 (0.41) 2
0.0145m 1.35cm 15cm
2 * 9.81

ok

5-Grit Removal Chamber

Purpose:
Removal of particales of size 0.2m
Qd = Qmax = 2.659 m3 /sec

Ass v=0.3m/sec
R.T=60sec
S.L.R=1200m3/m2/d
V=Q*R.T=2.659*60=159.54 m3.
XA=Q/v=2.659/.3= 8.86 m2.=nBd
SA=Q/SLR=229783.4/1200=191.48 m2.=nBL
L=159.54/8.86=18>15m <20m
d=159,54/191.48=.833m
Assume B=2m

n=6

no checks

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Waste Water Treatment

use 6 grit removal chamber with L=18m b = 2m

d=.833m

i-Design of proportional flow wier

Q = 4BH3/2
n=6 Q / 6 4 LH 3 / 2
Assume H =dmax = 0.83
0.443 4 * B * (0.83) 3 / 2

B = 0.145 m
BH1/2= const
Ass.
H

0.2

Get B 1.238

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.83

0.674

.438

0.313

0.238

. 189

.154

.145

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Waste Water Treatment

(B) SECONDARY WASTE WATER TREATMENT

-OXIDATION DITCH (Activated sludge) :

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Waste Water Treatment

X o = 400
So = 300
Q

X =

3200

X e = 20

Se = 6
Q +Q r

Se = 6
Q-Q w

Qr
Xr =

8000

Qw
Xr =

8000

: i- Assumptions
RETURN SLUDGE CONCENTRATION OF S.S (Xr)=8000mg MLVSS/1
MLVSS CONC. IN AERATION TANK (X) = .8*4000=3200 mg
MLVSS/1
(SLUDGE AGE ) ( c ) =30d
CELL YIELD COEFFECIENT (Y) GM MLVSS/gM BODS= 0.65
ENDOGENOUS DECAY COEFF (K d ) = 0.04D -'
AIR DENSITY = 1.02 Kg/M 3

Given data
Influent S.S = 400 mg/1
BOD5= 300 mg/1
Effluent BOD5(set) = 20 mg BOD5 ,1
S.S (Xe) = 20mg MLSS/1
volatile fraction of S.S = 70 80%
ii-Effluent soluble BOD; escaping Treatment (Se)
Se = Set 0.7 Xe
Se = 20-0.7* 20 = 6 mgBOD 5/l

iii-Volume of Aeration TanK

V= (166607.4(m 3/d)x0.65 gmMLVSS/gmBOD5x30(d)x(300 -6)gmBOD5/m3 ) /
(3200x(1+0.04x30))
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Waste Water Treatment

V = 135676.17 m3
IV-DIMENSION OF AERATION TANK
V

YQcQ( So Se)
x (1 kdqc

0.65(30)(166607.4)(300 6)
135676.17 m 3
3200(1 0.04 x30)

Assume d = 4 m
SA

135676.17
33919.04m 2
4

& B = 30 m

Assume L = 100 m

noofAT 12

-:CHECKS

OK (.05----.15)

F
SoQ
gmBODs

.115
M
XV
gmMLVSS .d
V

( 18----36 Re tentiontime Q
Vl Volumeticl oading

19.54hr

SoxQ
.368
V * 1000

OK

(,1---.4)

KgBOD5/m3.d

V-RETURN SLUDGE QR
FROM MASS BALANCE AROUND A.T X = Q X + Q r X r (Q + Q r )

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Waste Water Treatment

Qr = 97187.65m 3 /d
-TO GET Qw
Qc

Qwxr

XV
3200 x135676.17
30
(Q Qw) X e
Qwx8000 (166607.4 Qw) x 20

Qw=1395.98 m3/d

vii- Aeration Requirement

Oxygen requirments -1
Or=(Q(So-Se,)/0.68) - 1.42Px
Px = (y(So-Se)Q) / (1 + Kd C)
(1 + 0.04 *30 ) / (x 166607.4 (300-6) 0.65 )=

Px = 14472124.61 gmMLVSS /d
O r= 166607.4x ((300-6) / (0.68)) 1.42x14472124.61
Or = 51482782.47 gmO2/d
Or = 51482.782 kgO2/d

Air requirements -2
Ar = (Or x K) / (0.232 x P air x n aerationsystem )
Assume n aerationsystem = 0.1 , Assume k(fos) =2
Ar = (51482.78x 2) / (0.232 x 1.2 x 0.1) = 3730636.23 m3/d Ar = 43.18 m3/sec

-Gravity Thickener
Purpose:
Reduce sludge volume by 20 to 40 % and increase its solid content.

Solids loading (10---35) kg / m 2 / d

hydraulic loading < 5 m3/m2/d
conc of solids in combined sludge = .8%

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Waste Water Treatment

specific gravity of combined sludge = 1.008

of combined sludge = Qw=1395.98 m3/d (Amount ,volume )

Mass of combined sludge =S.G*Pw*V= 1395.98 m3/d * 1.008 * 1000 kg/m3

kg/d 1407147.84 =
Mass of solids in combined sludge =1407147.84 x .8/100
kg/d 11257.18 =
combined
solids
100
8.
437181.696

solids loading =(mass of solids/ S.A)

S.A = 321.6 m 2
hydraulic loading =1395.98 /321.6 =4.34

<5 m3/m2/d

. Diluted water must be blended with the incoming sludge unsafe

Assume hydraulic loading = 5 m 3 /m 2 /d
=Qreq/321.6 Q req = total sludge flow (blended flow) to the thickner =5
Q req = 1608 m3/d
volume of diluted water needed = 1608 1395.98 = 212m 3 /d
assume specific gravity of blending sludge=1.0
mass of blending sludge=1.01*1000*1608=1624080kg/d
solids
11257.18
100

blending sludge
1624080
?

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Waste Water Treatment

.6

Solid conc in the blending sludge=.69%

ZONE OF CLEAR LIQUID

: Geometry of Tank

S.A =321.6 m 2

sedimentaion zone

1.5

assume n=

THICNING ZONE

=14.3 m

17 cm/ m

:TO FIND DEPTH

.6
1

ZONE OF CLEA R LI QUID

sedimentaion zone

1.5

THICNING ZONE

17 cm/ m

Ayg %of solids concin thickening=(4+.8)/2 =2.4%

Volume of sludge blanket=(3.14*14.3 2 )/4 *h*2=321.22h
Mass of thickend sludge=1.03*1000*321.22h=330856.6h
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Waste Water Treatment

solids
?
2.4

thick sludge
330856.6h
100

Massof solids in thicking zone=7940.6h

Total amount of solids thickner=11257.18 kg /d
Retension time of solids=1 d @
1 =(7940.6h/11257.18 )
H=1.42m
Total drop to the central wall=17*14.3/2=1.2m
Depth of thickner at central waal=.6+1+1.5+1.42+1.2=5.72m
ii-Volume of Thickened sludge
Eff of Thickenes = 85%

conc of solids = 4%

Quantity of solids with drown from thickener = .85* 11257.18 = 9568.603 kg/d
Mass of Thickened sludge with drown = 9568.603 * 100/4

= 239215.075kg/d
V

thickened sludge

= 239215.075 / (1.03 x 1000kg /d) = 232.2 m3/d

-Final Settling Tank (F.S.T.)

1- Qd= Qmax+Qr=326971.05m3/d
2 - R.T = 2hrs
3 - V = Qd*R.=12600*2= 27247.58m3
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Waste Water Treatment

4 assume d = 4m
S.A =

VOL
d

= nx2/4

Asume =34

n=8 tank

-Contact Tank
Purpose:
To give the required time for disinfection to take place for 30min.
Qd= 228387.42m3/d
Assume T=30 min
C=Q*T
Assume n=1
[nlbd]
Assume d=5m (3

5m)

C
S.A = d S . A 951.61m 2

Take n=1

Assume L=45

S.A
420
b
b
17.2m
nL
1 * 45

Use 1contact tank

L=45m

b=17.2

d=5m

-Drying Beds:
Purpose:

volume of sluge FROM THICKENER=1607.98m3/d
R.T = 5day
volume of sludge in drying beds=1607.98*5=8039.9m3
Assume

L=20

B=20

No of drying beds = 68 beds

-RAPID SAND FILTER:

QMAX =228387.42M3/d
R.O.F = 200 M3/M2/D
S.A =QMAX/ ROF S.A= 228387.42/200
S.A = 1141.9 M2

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Waste Water Treatment

ASSUME AREA OF 1 FILTER =

64 M2
N= 1141.9/64 = 18 USE 18 FILTERS WORKING + 2STAND BY
USE L=8M B=8M
AMOUNT OF WASH WATER = ROW * A * N, * NOT TIMES OF WASHING *
TIMES OF WASHING
= 711.11M3/d

-BLENDING CHAMBER:
Qd= 1395.98+212=1607.98m3/d
Assume T=1 min
C=Q*T=1.12
Assume d=1m
=1.2m

DESIGN OF PIPE:
1-FROM (A.T) TO DIST. CHAMBER :
Q=Q + QR =3.78 M3/S
=

4
V

, N=12

Q=3.78/12 =.315 M3/S

4Q

Vact=
act 2

Sanitary Engineering Project

HF=

15

4 FLV
2 g

, V=(.6-----1.5)

Waste Water Treatment

AT

AT
b

AT
a
1

PIPE NO. (1):

Q=.315 M3/S
=700mm

V=.85 M/S
Vact =.81m/s

PIPE NO.(AB) :
Q=2*.315 =.63
=1000mm

Vact =.802m/s

L=72 M

HF=.075

PIPE NO.(BC) :
Q=4*.315 =1.26
=1400mm

Vact =.81m/s

L=72 M

HF=.055

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Waste Water Treatment

PIPE NO.(CD) :
Q=6*.315 =1.89
=1700mm

Vact =.83m/s

L=124M

HF=.094

2-FROM DIST. CHAMBER T0 (F.S.T) :

Q=Q + QR =3.78 M3/S

=900mm
L=24M

, N=8

Q=3.78/8 =..473 M3/S

, V=.85

Vact =.74m/s
HF=.024

3-FROM (F.S.T) TO START OF (R.S.F) :

Q=Q QW =2.64 M3/S

, N=8

Q=2.64/8 =.33 M3/S

, V=.85

FST
d

FST
a

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Waste Water Treatment

PIPE NO.(AB) :
Q=.33
=800mm
L=40 M

Vact =.65m/s
HF=.035

PIPE NO.(BC) :
Q=2*.33 =.66
=1000mm

Vact =.84m/s

L=100M

HF=.115

PIPE NO.(CD) :
Q=4*.33 =1.32
=1400mm

Vact =.85m/s

L=68.8M

HF=.058

PIPE NO.(DE) :
Q=6*.33 =1.96
=1800mm

Vact =.78m/s

L=78.4M

HF=.043

PIPE NO.(EF) :
Q=8*.33 =2.64
=2000mm

Vact =.84m/s

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L=40M

HF=.023

4-INLET AND OUTLET PIPE OF (R.S.F) :

Q=Q QW =2.64 M3/S

N=20

Q=2.64/20 =.132 M3/S

, V=.85

RSF
1

RSF

PIPE
a
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Q (M3/S)
.132
2q
4q
6q
8q
10q
12q
14q
16q
18q
20q

450
700
900
1100
1300
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000

Vact (m/s
.83
.68
.83
.83
.79
.75
.78
.81
.83
.84
.84

L
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8

HF
.019
.012
.009
.008
.007
.006
.005
.005
.005
.005

=.081

5-FROM END OF (R.S.F) TO START OF CONTACT TANK :

Q=Q QW =2.64 M3/S
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=2000mm

Vact =.84m/s

L=71.2 M

HF=.041

6-WASH WATER PIPE:

5 ROF 2 8 8 1 (8 min)
711M 3
24 60

VOL=
RT=8min

V=1.5m/s

Q=711/2*8*60 =1.48 m3/s

=800mm

6-AIR PIPE:
=200mm
- PIZOMETRIC CALCULATIONS:
LET LEVEL OF CONTACT TANK = GROUND LEVEL OF WWTP = 73 m
So any level before contact tank w add h according to:
ONLY 3 EQUATIONS TO CALCULATE LEVELS:
1-equation of weir
WHERE Q/N=.6 B H3/2 WHERE .6: ACC TO WEIR MATERIAL
B : WEIR LENGTH=
2-losses through pipe from Hazen William's chart
OR LOSSES= 1.2(SECONDARY LOSSES) * 4 FLV2/ 2 G
F = 0.008
3-losses through channel= SLOPE * LENGTH OF CHANNEL
S= FROM MANNING EQUATION

L1=73=GL
L2= L1+10cm =73.1
L3= L2+1.2(LOSSES BETWEEN START OF RAPID ,CONTACT)+3
=74.1+1.2(.081+.041) + 3=(76.246)
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L4= L3+1.2(LOSSES bet end OF F S T , R S F)

=76.246+1.2(.081+ (.035+.115+.058+.043+.023)) =(76.672)

1
L5= L4+10cm (drop) + ( 2 100 ) = (77.306)
L6=
L7=

.33
) 3 ) = (77.435)
L5+10cm + (
.6 34
2
.33
) 3 ) = (77.798)
L6+5cm + ( (
.6 1
(

L8= L7+1.2(LOSSES bet F S T , DIST CHAMBER)

=77.798 +1.2 (.024 ) = (77.818)
L9= L8+10cm = (77.918)
L10= L9+1.2(LOSSES bet DIST CHAMBER ,DIST CHAMB OF A.T)
=77.918 +1.2 (.094+.055 +.075 ) =( 78.187 )
L11= L10+10cm + (

.315 3
)
.6 30

) = (78.387 )

L12= L11+5 cm = (78.437 )

L13= L12+10cm + (

.315 3
(
)
.6 30

) = (78.637 )

L14= L13+ (LOSSES in channel bet A T, DIST CHAMBER)

=78.637 +.05 = (78.687 )
L15= L14 +10 cm = (78.787 )
L16= L15+ (LOSSES in channel bet GRIT CHAMBER, DIST CHAMBER)
=78.787 +.05 =( 78.837 )
L17= L16+ (LOSSES in channel bet GRIT CHAMBER, screen)
=78.837 + .05 = ( 78.887 )
L18= L17+ (.1) =(78.987 )
L19= ( 79.00 )

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Waste Water Treatment