Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
!#"$&%')(+*,(-"$ ').
/)0213547678:9;02<>=>?2@135<BA
CEDGFIHGJKML NPOQHSRTDUOQHWV5X'Y[Z;\]H^OQHWVSY_HWVWX'Y`bacKQdeFIZEfgTVihQDa_Y_VSHWjkKML$lmaVSY_H^KQn
fgTVihQDa_Y_VSHWjpoqOrn sZ&lma_ViY[H^Krn:lm\It>uTvokZfxw
y J{z|g:}aV^Dd ~'a_ViY[H^KrnJSOrXeJds
> ?2@8@<21e<B3W6 4
CEDGFIHGJKML y KQU$FIdBHGDa\:X'V^DgIXDZ
f g]y VihQDa_Y[ViHWjKML$lmay VSHWViYMR y Krn dBU)'V5O
B NPOQVSg>NPOrnin ZTOQgIX_KdhQDa_Z;l vueITZ OQgIO}O
g:OQgI}K]~X'Y'JdT[XeJSX[O
=1? A2@>8xA2<6
CEDGFIHGJKML$nD[X'HWa_V5X[OrnOQg:}EmnDcX'HWaMKQg]V5XgQVigxD[Da_VigBQZ
fgTVihQDa_Y_VSHWjkKML$ND'n[KQdBag:D
|Oa[sh7VWnSnDZ
V5X'H^KQa_V5O BrQ Zz|dBY[HWacOQn V5O
}KQdTX_DH[~mD[D7JUd]JSKJOQd
350 <BQ;x8:1@ ?
CEDGFIHWY'J2KML y KQU F]dHGDa\IX'V^Dg:y X_DEOg:}\]H^OQHWViY[HWV5X'Y[ZEfgTVihQDaY[ViHWjKML y Orn V LKQa_g]V5OOQH2l DacsD'nDj
t\:K7}OOrnin Zl DacsD'nDjQZ zx Q u ZEf\Bz
KQaM}OQg&~bX'YJDacsD'nDjJiDc}Qd
[:7B:r
k&eIrrqb] ]T[: mQx ]; c[B]'[c)I:' [irxB 7 c[BTT
-> [mbe[ ' B ' c T[QIQ Q ] 7e ]] B
[ ' ] ] T QB' q[e > [
b[ c ]e
'['BT[e ] c[B]' [ [ T] I:' Q| ]E : Q c ]r
[ $ c $ ' [[ ] [ [ q ]
>B
&r q[ek > [
be[T $ Q] ] [ E Q
2B-] $:T
=1e<B<B? 6P4eA1e:<9; <B46e0< <671e8:9b8x5354 W:8:1Q3W6e02 p8x?6e02<67<B? W:8I
1356e0246e0 60 :<0 @6e0<:1e< 67<B4763^?;A<B?2<8x?6e0<@<:<BW8:9;p<B?6 ?2@
921 6e35<8:P4e3W<B?2< ?2@+<B?x35?<<1Q35?3^?6e0<II6e0<B?6eA1eM<B35Q02 ?2@
&A;553W ? I:: 0;354 W:8:1356e02 354 ?35?24e6 ?2<8: 1:< 4e4,8:4
9;^35? W:8:1356e024&?8 k? 4
1 :80 3^? 8x? 67<k/ 1QW8 / / k0<B47<
W:8:1Q3W6e0240 :<9; :<B@ 43Wx?2
3 ; ?61e8xW< 35? 476 6e35476e3^4 <B8x?8xp<6713^4
9;0&4e354 ?2@+8xp9;A6e35?2!4e3W<B?2<8T:<16e0< 476 6 8@<B @<B4B 0<1< 1e<
47<:<1 023Wx0&_@23^p<B?24e3W8x? 921e8 ;5<B4 &4eA20 48x9;A6e35?6e0<:8x5A;p<8:
8x?:< b8@35? @;35p<B?24e358x?24 G8:1 02350 / / 4e35A2 6e358x?354)6e0<8x?25
&?8 ?!:<B?<1 929218 0G8:1921e8T35@;35? 478x5A6e3W8x
? k3W6e0235? 1e< 478x? ;W<
6e35<9b8xW&?8x3 E35
? M>:<1
135< < ?2
@ ?2?
? !E:<1e1QA2 ?2@
&3^?2 3W"1 #
$ QrB w
n d %-Da z|X[O}DUEV5XbdTn ViYMR]DaY'JpbaVSg]HGDc}VSgHSR]D &DHSR]Da'nOg:}QY'J
'!()
*+-,. /0+132547698:-8;:<-886!4=6?>5@A8B 4DCE/F6
'!()
*+-,. /0+132547698:-8;:<-886!4=6?>5@A8B 4DCE/j<
/ / 67<BQ02?23 sA<B4 1e<8:G67<B? 929;^3W<B@ 678 478xW:< 35?67<:1 6e3W8x? ?2@8:926e3i
3^4 6e3W8x?9218;W<B435? 1e:<@235p<B?;4e3W8x? 479 <B4fk0<B47< 6FE8 6_9b<B4 8:
9218;W<B 9; MA2?2@ <B? 6 1e8x5<35? 023^?<W< 1?23^?5b9;0 &4e354b4e6 6e354
'!()
*+-,. /0+132547698:-8;:<-886!4=6?>5@A8B 4DCE/A
'!()
*+-,. /0+132547698:-8;:<-886!4=6?>5@A8B 4DCE/
*
<
&
= * P 2 A *B{>@A5? C ? = k A A n
&-,/.
0
'!()
*+-,. /0+132547698:-8;:<-886!4=6?>5@A8B 4DCE/_^
'!()
*+-,. /0+132547698:-8;:<-886!4=6?>5@A8B 4DCE/
k3^5b<6788k4e
4e<B? 13W8x4
p(x
)
uMq(x
)
Accept
region
Reject
region
(i)
(i)
x(i) ~ q(x)
3Wk8x?< ? 4e35<&
A2 67h< 2 3[3c@4 p9;W<B4 % '&)(+&-* ,/. 8:1@235?2678 q)A ?2@
< 5A 67< A 9b8x4e4e3 ;W< 8x?67</ 1QW8p<B476e35 67<,8: = 354
a
*
= * g &i A '&
&-,/.
a
0;354<B476e3^ 678:1 354A2?;3 47<B@ ?2@SA2?2@2<1o< 44eA2p926e358x?24|6e02<4e671e8x?
8: 1e:<?A2qb<14 92953W<B4&6e0 6354 = * *B >@A? C ? = '6354W< 1k6e0 6
*
* A A ' & 76b8<: A
&-,/.
4
'!()
*+-,. /0+132547698:-8;:<-886!4=6?>5@A8B 4DCE/AB
q A ~ AA AA a
'!()
*+-,. /0+132547698:-8;:<-886!4=6?>5@A8B 4DCE/A>
p(x)
!! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !!
!! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !!
!! ! ! ! ! E! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
!!!! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !!
!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
'
&
'
&
H A X A ]
.
2 &-,/.
k02<1e<
'!()
*+-,. /0+132547698:-8;:<-886!4=6?>5@A8B 4DCE/A;
&-,/.
!
'()
*+,. /0+1-2 4=6?8:-8;:-<-8864769> @A8B 4C{/F698
p 0;IG
/ /354 47671 67<: 8:1:<B?<1 6e35?2!4 p9;W<B4 '& k0;35W< <9;58:135? 6e0<
476 67<479 < A24e3^? 1 :8 0 35? p<BQ0 ?2354e~02354pp<BQ0 ?2354 354
8x?24e671A267<B@4786e0 6)6e0<q0 35?479b<B?2@;4Ep8:1<6e35<>35? 6e0<qp8x47635'& 9-8:16 ? 6
1e<x358x?242?9 1e6e3^A2 1 23W6354k8x?24e671A267<B@ 4786e0 66e0<P4 9;W<B4 3535
4 9;W<B4@1 k?p1e8x6e0<k6 1e:<6@23547671Q
3 ;A6e3W8x? A - ^ <>1e<B3W67<1 67<6e0 6 <
A24e< / /0<B? <, ?2?8:6k@21 4 p9;W<B4G1e8x
A @;3W1e<B6eW {A6 ?
< 5A 67<A A9678 ?8:1 53^4e35?8x?2476 ?6
'6354'35&? 6eA23W6e35:<6783^? 671e8&@2A2<
1 :8Q0 35<?2&
48x
? ?23W67<476 67< 479 <B4
k02<1eq
< ? 8x?2W6 :< <& @2354e1e<67< 5A<Bf4 % . 9 H 9 (
02<q4e678Q0 476e35,921e8&<B4e
4 354 55<B@
1 :8Q0 35?3W
A '& '& .F 9 .F A '& <& .F
02<0 35?354 !=
'[&
7b'& .F3W J A '& '& .F 1e<B 35?;435? 13 ? 68:1
5
k3W6e0 76b8<: A f G8:1 ? e 0 6354 -6e02<p<:8x5A6e3W8x?8:
6e0<q0 35?3^? 479 q< @<9b<B?2@;4
478xW<B5p8x?6e02<>A11e<B? 6)476 67<q8:m6e0<q0 35?
?2@ 5<B@671 ?24e3W6e358x? 671v3 b
"
$#
&%
'%
&%
(
&%
)
0.1
x2
1
0.9
0.4
x1
x3
0.6
324
87
97
.7
:7
'()
*+,. /0+1-2 4=6?8:-8;:-<-8864769> @A8B 4C{/F66
B
'
&
F
.
<;
<;
&%
'%
&%
&%
76;8>=:
&%
'%
'()
*+,. /0+1-2 4=6?8:-8;:-<-8864769> @A8B 4C{/F6
<
l :< ?{+1e<sA23W1<B4 6e0< @<;?;3W6e3W8x? 8: 671 ?24e3W6e3W8x? 6713
k3W6e0
6FE8 8xp9b8x?<B?6e4 @?BA ? 354 1e:< 535?5 6713
3W6e0!1e8 k4 ?2@
8x5A;?24m8:1e1<B479b8x?2@235?678f<P9 :<B4]4eA;06e0 6$6e0<E<B? 671 ? &e 1<921e<B47<B?6e4
6e0<?8:1 53^47<B@?A;qb <18:535?{ 4q1e8x< 9 :<678hE<9 :< 354
A2?;3WG8:1Q 1 ?;@8x 6713v 8:>4 5) x?23W6eA;@<6e0 6354 @2@<B@ 678 ? 678
<B?24A1e< 3W11e<B@2A23
3553W6 ?2@ 9b<13W8&@2353W6: 0 6 354
6e02< @2@;3W6e3W8x? 8:P?8x3547<
921<:<B? 6e4PA241e8x :<676e35?2 671 929b<B@35? W88:94 4P356<B?24eA1e<B46e0 6,6e0<1< 354
&4478x<921e8 3553W68: } A29;35?>678 ?k 02<1e<8x?6e0< ^ <| 1e8x8xA1
921<3W8xA;4@;354eA24e43W8x?SbE <,0 :<
A ' & .F DCE?:A GF A &
02
< :<1?<B 3546e0<k8x?2@2356e3W8x? 2@<B?;4e3W6_8: <& .F x3W:<B? 6e0< 5A< '& x'6
354 6e0<B 6e35 1<921e<B47<B?6 6e3W8x? 8: 1 :8Q0 35? W:8:1356e02;? 6e0<
8x5W 8 k35?4e5A ;4e<B6e3W8x?24 <@<B4e13 -<q 13W8xA248:$6e0<B4e< W:8:13W6e0;4
I
\5m/"#/D 1m
p p
m
o
02< j?35!0 o-jA! w W:8:13W6e0;354k6e0<Pp8x4e6k9b8:9;A2 1 / /
p<6e028@j w 476e35?2x|4 nm] <6718:9-8x^354<6 [ g '? 67<1P47<B6e358x?24 <
k3^547<< 6e0 6p8x476P921 6e35 / / 5:8:13W6e024,
? b<35?67<1e921e<67<B@ 4
479b<B3 4e<B48:1< &67<B?24e3W8x?;48:6e02354 W:8:1356e02
=>? w+4767<9p8:b35? 1Q3 ? 6@2354e671
3 ;A6e358x? A ?2@921e8:9b8x4 &@2354e671
3 ;A6e358x?
q- 35?:8xW:<B44 p9535? ?2@23^@ 67< ^A< x3W:<B?6e0<A1e1e<B?6 5A<
8:1Q@235?q67
8 q 0< 1 :80 35?6e0<B?p8T:<B467.8 1@24 k3W6e0(
<926 ?;<
921e8 ;3553W6 A 9 35? % ! A qA A qA
8:6e0<1 k3547<>3W6
1e<B 35?24 6 $b 02<k9;47<BA;@8I_8@2<3544e0 8 k?3^? 3WxA1er< gbbk0235W<
3WxA1< #4e0 8 k46e0<1<B4eA2W6e4b8:&1A2?;?235?E6e0< w 5:8:13W6e02
3W6e0 A244e3 ?
9218:9-8x4 @235476713 ;A6e3W8x? qA <& ] [ A <&
: ?2@ ;3^p8@ E6 1:<6
@23^47671
3 ;A26e3W8x"? A < 9 K !H M m$< 9 K A H M 8:1 gI::
3W67<1 6e3W8x?24:=>4< 9b<B67<BS@ 6e0<023547678::1 8:6e02<k4 p9;5<B4 92921e8 &35 67<B46e0<
6 1e:<6@235476713 ;A6e3W8x?
IH
JH
&KMLON
(K
(KQP
SRT
8U
'()
*+,. /0+1-2 4=6?8:-8;:-<-8864769> @A8B 4C{/F69
`
~'1 z Xy 59)
} Xzd[Z ~
W V@7#|Y
Z
x+ y 3 W\ w <]_
Z
x+ y _ ^B`^ba 5'<
Z
m)
c5'< dX` ^1f
} ehgjilk/~
d n;m< @ ;m<o o p;m< q
5'j r!} _ ^
y y
5'j r!} #''
VQdBa[D J >c[r:r <s Tr Q q
0.15
0.15
i=100
0.1
0.05
0
10
0.05
10
20
0.15
0
10
10
20
0.15
i=1000
0.1
i=5000
0.1
0.05
0
10
i=500
0.1
0.05
10
20
0
10
10
20
'()
*+,. /0+1-2 4=6?8:-8;:-<-8864769> @A8B 4C{/F6)
k0<671
g
HvuDw
lA
yx
zHvuDw
HvuDw
{
H9uDw
{
'()
*+,. /0+1-2 4=6?8:-8;:-<-8864769> @A8B 4C{/F6]^
#
* =100
* =10
(i)
]T[f T rT_ 7 cT Q Q [ Q cc
T[VQQ:dBa[ D QQJ c ] ] ; '[ mQ
Et
<8x?2W?<<B@ 678 &?8 6e0< 6 1e:<6 @2354e6713
;A6e358x? A29 678 8x?2476 ?68:
9218:9-8:16e3W8x? 53W6:&<B8x?2@2W W6e08xA2x06e0<9;47<BA;@8I_8@2< :<B4 A247<8:
4e3^?xW<0 35S? 3W6$354< 47678>4e35A2 67<
4e<:<1 35?;@<9b<B?2@<B?6m0 35?;4m35?9 1 5W<Bc
476eW :6e0<4eA2<B448:1 355A1e<8:-6e0< W:8:13W6e028:67<B?023^?:<B48x?6e0<028x35<
8:9218:9-8x4 x@23547671Q
3 ;A6e3W8x?m k02354m354$3555A;47671 67<B@35?P3WxA1et< mIqv3 ub<1e<B? 6 08x3^<B4
8:6e0<921e8:9b8x4 $476 ?2@ 1Q@@<&3 6e3W8x? F 5< @ 678:<1e @;v3 u-<1<B? 61e<B4eA2W6e4B2
6e0<9218:9-8x4 E3546788? 1e1e 8 8x?2W!8x?<p8&@< 8:~ A 3Wx0o6 b< 3^4e3W67<B@
zq? 6e0< 8:6e0<1 0 ?2S@ E3W>356 354678
8 35@< 6e0<1e< } <B6e358x? 1 67< d
? b<:<1e
0235xS0 b1e<B4eA2W6e3^?35?!023Wx08:11e<B 6e3W8x?24B 56e0<p8@2<B4 1e<&354e3567<B@ k0235W<
6e0< <9;6 ?2<P9;1e8 ;35^3W6_ 3^4023WxS0 &6e0<,Q0 35?3^44 35@678 v3 <B5c
\
n!o
D5
5
D
p /p
!
`/"5mo 75m_
|<6A24 4e4eA;p<6e0 6,35?24e67< @ 8:t
?6e35?678 929;1e8 35 67"< A 7< ?6
678 ;?2@!356e4,xW8 E 35A2|28:1< p9;5< $3W A 354,6e0<5
3 :<B5350288&@ 8:1
9b8x4767<1358:1$@2354e671
3 ;A6e358xS? E<)8:67<Bo? ?6$6788xp9;A267<E6e0< ?;@P 35A2
-3!- f
= <B476e35 67<B4=4p<B? 6e3W8x?2<B@ < 153W<1 <8xA25@1A2?
1 :8+0 35?+8:35? 1Q3 ? 6@235476713 ;A6e3W8xh? A ?2@+<B476e35 67< 6e0<xW8
^
&
'()
*+,. /0+1-2 4=6?8:-8;:-<-8864769> @A8B 4C{/F6f
p8&@<"
m
yy
Q088x4e<
4eA23W6 W<921e8:9b8x4 I@23547671Q3
;A6e3W8x?;4 ?2@ ? 92921e8:9;13 67<88x^35?4eQ0<B@&
A25<: ? 8:
6e0<p?< 6e35:<4e35A2 67<B@ ?2?< 53^?1<B4eA2W6e41e<9b8:1e67<B@ 35? 6e0<
'()
*+,. /0+1-2 4=6?8:-8;:-<-8864769> @A8B 4C{/F69B
l
0.2
i=100
0.1
0
10
10
i=500
0.1
0
10
20
0.2
10
20
0.2
i=1000
0.1
0
10
10
i=5000
0.1
0
10
20
10
20
' D
JK
JK
& A
_K
9H
'()
*+,. /0+1-2 4=6?8:-8;:-<-8864769> @A8B 4C{/F69>
{
`;
`;
{
~'1 z Xy 59)
} Xzd[Z ~
W V@7#|Y
Z
x+ y 3 W\ w <]_
Z
m:
+ zfEyG` +7- zf L zf8$ D@D1D1+X
Z
y y
y ` +7- zf L zf@$k
E 1D1
+ zfEG
VQdBa[DEu J 7& B[T[;
> =
>y
'()
*+,. /0+1-2 4=6?8:-8;:-<-8864769> @A8B 4C{/F69;
I
GIHJKALNMPOQJMSRKAMPL TAU?VFQWIX9OYPMPT[Z]\9X9K0JU?H
6e02<G8x558k35?2<&921e<B44e3W8x?
,/.
6 : A
H9uDw
>
~'1 z Xy 59)
} Xzd[Z ~
W V@7#|Y
Z
x+ yzfy + M` 'jr!d @{{79nzd QVdzdy zf 1
1+X@7 zf-9wz $L - <r! a ' jr!\ ] d '< E9S@1 zm dzf9+z D
< r! a 'j r!\ ]
Z
x+ yzfy + M ` &'j r!d @{{79n zd
QVdzdy zf 1
1+X@7 zf-9wz $LO - < r! a ' j r!\ &] d '< E9S @1 zm dzf9+z D
< r! a 'j r!\ ]
- &
'()
*+,. /0+1-2 4=6?8:-8;:-<-8864769> @A8B 4C{/j<-8
@23^476713
;A26e3W8x?24!8:1 ?28:6 6e3W8x? p4e359;5353W6< 0 :< 1e<9; <B@6e0< 35?2@2<
?8:6 6e358x? k3W6e0 b I02<G8x558k35?247<B6e358x? @<B4e1Q3
b<B43W635?p8:1e<,@2<6 35c
N`
@
o"55
&A2929b8x47< E<k0 :< ? b_@235p<B?;4e3W8x? :<B678:1 ?2@6e0<< &921e<B4e4e358x?24G8:1E6e0<
MA258x?2@23W6e358x? 5I4 A . 9 . 9 . 9 x?6e02354 4e< 3W63548:67<B?
@ ?6 :<8xA24678A24e<6e02<8x5W 8 k35?>921e8:9b8x4 &@23^47671
3 ;A26e3W8x?8:1 !
'&
' '&
qA '& A
z>6e0<1
3547<:
02<q8:11e<B479b8x?2@235?2 <9;6 ?2<,9218 ;355356_ 354
<&
A '& 9 3^? ! AA ' & qqA A ' &
<&
<&
A A
3^? !
A '& A
A
3^? !
'&
A
0 6354 :6e0< <926 ?;<9218 ;355356_8:1< 0921e8:9b8x4 3^48x?< ?2S@ 0<B?2<
6e0<@<67<135?;35476e35p4e
? q
3 E;44 p9W<1 W:8:1356e02 354,8:G67<B?921e<B4e<B? 67<B@ 4
4e028 k?35?3WxA21e=< B
35?2<q6e0< q3 {;44 p9W<1 ? b<q35< E<B@ 4 479b<B3 47<,8: 6e02< w
W:8:1Q3W6e02 356
3549b8x4e4
3 ;W<)67835? 6718@2A;< w4e67<9;4E3^? 678P6e0"< q3 {;44 9;W<1B
0 6m354 k0<B?6e02<A2^]8x?;@23W6e3W8x? ^4 1e< 35 ;5< ?2r
@ b<BW8x?)6786e0<
3^W
8:476 ?;@ 1@@235476713 ;A6e3W8x?24P A24e43 S? |<6eI ]< k355@21 6e0<
?< 4 p9;W<B4k@23W1e<B6eW: z>6e0<
1 k3^47< 5E<P ?@1 4 p9;W<B4 3W6e0 w4e67<9;4
<Bo b<B@2@<B@ k3W6e023^? 6e0< q3 {;4 W:8:13W6e0;-28:1 b 6e0|< q
3 {44 9;W<1
354 5478 &?8 k? 46e0< @ 6 Axp<B?6 6e3W8x? W:8:1356e02 02350 354 W8x47<BW
1e<B 67<B@6786e02< < &9b<B6 6e3W8x? 353^4 6e3W8x? j i W:8:13W6e02 M><Bp9;4e67<1
3W1@ ?2
@ 5A ;35? nmm ?2?2<1 ?2@ ^ 8x? lnm
A9{]a njrn?-#n MD
= , 1<8x?<8: 6e0r< b<B476 ?28 k? 9;9;535
6e3W8x? 1e< 4q8:q1 q
3 {44 9;535? j < 1 lnm w<1e< 1e:<_@235p<B?;4e3W8x?
} 8x35?6 @23547671Q
3 ;A6e3W8x? 354 678:1<B@+35?678 @23W1e<B67<B@:1 9;06e0 6 <B?28&@<B46e0<
8x?2@;3W6e3W8x? &35?2@2<9-<B?;@<B?23W<B4$35?6e0<p8&@<BcI?9 1e6e35A2 1 :3W{ > @2<B?8:67<B4
6e0<9 1e<B? 6?8@2<B4)8:?28@r< {<0 :<
A
A
>
'6G8x^W8 k46e0 66e0<MA25b8x?2@2356e3W8x? 544e3^p9;53W 48x5W 8 k4
A ~ A
A
>
>
G[H
HT0KAXJOYT0LNX9HTAX5qX9K{U?YjLNH-MMFU?K0HLNH
.
'!DKK
M;
'()
*+,. /0+1-2 4=6?8:-8;:-<-8864769> @A8B 4C{/j< 6
~'1 z Xy w y
} Xzd[Z ~
W V@7#|Y
Z
x+ y 'rmd - a '< dX '< dOSOSd <'
Z
x+ y ' rmd -a 'jr! d '< dOSOOdX '<
Z
x+ y ' rmd - a 'j r!d dOOSOdX 'j r! d ''r! dSOSOd ' <
Z
x+ y ' rmd - a 'j r!d d < r! dSOOX 'j r!G
VQdBa[DEu J T T]'7
k02<1e<9M$ @<B?8:67<B46e02<Q02355@21e<B? ?8&@<B48: 0 6p354E<8x?25!?<<B@
6786 : < 35? 678 8xA;? 6P6e0<p9 1e<B?6e4m6e0<Q02355@21e<B? ?2@6e0<Q02355@1<B?S4>9 17
<B?6e4 0235447<68: 13 W<B4k354&?8k? 4>6e0< !S!7h
! 8:~ 02354
67<BQ02?23s A<k8:14
6e0<f 4e354
8:6e0<9b8:9;A; 1
478:6 1e<>9
:<G8:1) :<B4e3 ?
A9@ 6e3^?k 3W6e0q 3
{ 4$4 9;535?Mtcr Pq 3^
4 08x 4 ?2@93W<:<B50 i
67<1f` 9;535?>1e8x6e0<MA25&8x?2@;3W6e3W8x? 54k 3W6e06e0<f 3
{; 44 9;W<1
'()
*+,. /0+1-2 4=6?8:-8;:-<-8864769> @A8B 4C{/j<<
0<1e<
1e<<14q6786e02<p 5A2<8:6e0<p9 1 p<67<14 66e02<921e<&3W8xA24
6e3^p<4767<9m
~ <1eG8:1Q 6e0<8x5W8 k35? 353^4 6e3W8x? 1e _
? ? ,921 6e35 4e3W6eA 6e358x?246e02<E<&9b<B6 6e3W8x?35?,6e02<ti4767<9354$<B3W6e0<1
4eA;k
k356e0 ?< &9b8x?<B? 6e3 5W 1e:<?A2q b<1 8:4eA; ?2@24|8:1 ?35? 671 6 ;W<
35?67<:1 P q0 021 ?23 gbIq0 021 ?23 ?2@:8:1Q@ ? gb /)A;5W8&0
`5 4eA2 [A24e47<B5P zq476e ?2@ ?;
@ 3W678 bck6e4Ax3 I:5 $47<< 5478
M><B5 <16 ><B3W96 Dk08:1e9b< ?2_
@ 021A2? I:5 6e02354 3544e A< = 478x5A6e358x? 354
678 35?671e8&@2A2< / /678 4 p9;W< G18x A a] ?2@1<9; < 6e0<
<&9b<B6 6e3W8x?35?6e0"< i 4767<9 k3W6e0 4 5-4eA2 8T:<16e0<q4 p9;5<B4 4)4e0 8 k?
35?3WxA1e]< m/)8x? :<1e:<B?;<p8:6e02354 W:8:13W6e0;354>@2354eA;4e47<B@ 3^?[&02<1 S?
w8 ?2@ t
Sk0235W< j |<3^?< ?2@/ 47<B^ I:5 354 :88@1e<B<B?6
1e<&3W<
+
}
"!$# a dba +
Z
%&'
9 (y '<*
} ),+ # e-)/. 1
0
| 3 6| 5~ EG +zd
2 4
VQdBa[DEu J s87 Q q
$8P3^p921e8T:<6e0<8x?:<1e:<B?2"
< b<B0 3W8xA218:S i ? p<B5678P<B4e 9b<W8
W 8& 35?235 ?2@4 @2@25<
9b8x35?6e4T 13W8xA;4 A6e028:140 :< 9218: 9-8x4e<B@P47678&0 4
6e35 929218 0<B46e0 61<BW8x?4 p9535?PG1e8x A ] 35? 6e02<"i4767<9
?2@!6e0<B?!9b<1e8:135?2 6e02< 4767<9A;4e35?6e0<B4e< 4 p9;5<B40<<6e08@354
&?8 ? 44e678Q0 476e35
i [ i k0<B? <)@21 8x?2W,8x?<4 p9;W<[/<BW<BA5
'()
*+,. /0+1-2 4=6?8:-8;:-<-8864769> @A8B 4C{/j<-
P+I
_;:
T+;
IK
=<
T+;
><
@?
BA
C>D
&%
&%
FE
'()
*+,. /0+1-2 4=6?8:-8;:-<-8864769> @A8B 4C{/j<w
g
~'1 z Xy 59)
} Xzd[Z ~
W V@7#|Y
Z
x+ Hy G W\ w <] @^BJI'XbdLK ,M1]
Z
N@y{z
}#''@ }^5PORQ- LS
Z
V@7U
T5}~ dSOOOdVGz fy dzdy
W#} W 5PO W
W } W 5PO W Q- W
Zy<Hy O W *
} O-7U TX
V E O@YZ
} O[S
_
Z
\ G3 cf
} e gji^]!
~ d b' 6 ` .Ra K Z - bY Y Z _^Lbf_^@ M@c
&%
C6A
'%
C
dC
eC
gf
'()
*+,. /0+1-2 4=6?8:-8;:-<-8864769> @A8B 4C{/j<E^
#
GIHJKALNMPOQJMSRKAMPL TAU?VFQWIX9OYPMPT[Z]\9X9K0JU?H
13 ;5<y ?2@8x?247671A;6 ? <&67<B?2@<B@ 6 1e:<6q@235476713;A6e3W8x?o Af
4eA;06e0 6
3W$ s s A
A f
8:6e0<1
k3^47<
'6354)6e0<B?47671 3Wx067G8:1 1@678 0<B 6e0 6
!
A f D
D A
(
k02<1e< V%
j A 354)< 47678 35@<B?6e3W 6e0<B?6e0< W:8:1356e02 354
47671 3Wx0 678:
1 1@678 3^p9;W<Bp<B?6 4k4e028 k?35?3WxA21e=< g
k
ih
ihkj
-l
l
f(x(i) )
(i+1)
(i+1)
x (i)
\q
nm
Es
po
rl
{
?
Lu
'()
*+,. /0+1-2 4=6?8:-8;:-<-8864769> @A8B 4C{/j<
02<B?8x?<,
? 54e8 0<B6e0 6
Af .
nm
A 4
. $
s
s
Af . f D . D s e I u t D . D s t A
s
s
s
,/.
,/.
t
t
02<4e^35<4 p9;W<1>6784 p9;5<P1e8x Af . f 921e8&<<B@24 44e08 k?
f $
~WV@7vT}~dSOS dV
Z
x+ y W'< xw { yz b|{ ~ } - W
lpo"
'()
*+,. /0+1-2 4=6?8:-8;:-<-8864769> @A8B 4C{/j<-B
l
c9678
8 @
x
p(x ,x )
@ @
@1
@
p(x ,x* )
p(x )
x*
x*
' @
'()
*+,. /0+1-2 4=6?8:-8;:-<-8864769> @A8B 4C{/j<->
9
0 6q3^4b6e0<921e8 ;3^53W6_8: b<B35? <sA 678
?2@-<B58x?x35? 678 ?
r
35?{;?23W67<B4e3^ 47<6<B? 671<B@ 1e8xA2?2@ 3^4~
a b 1ex35? ^354 6e3W8x?S
<826 35?6e02<921e8 3553W68:b<B35?23^?4eA5;479 <o
q1e<<B?S4p<6e08&@ ^W8k4,6e0<4 p9;W<1P678 } A2
9 b<6 <<B?6e0< @;v3 u-<1<B? 6
4eA{;479 <B4S$8<B?24eA21e< 8xp8x?!< 4eA1e<m3W61< sA2351e<B4q6e0<p< &67<B?24e3W8x?8:
< Q09 3W1)8:$8x PA2?;35 6e35?479 <B4I ?;y@ &678 e J e
?2@ e J e I'6 5478q1e<sA23W1e<B4 6e0<@< ;?;3W6e3W8x?P8: @<67<13^?235476e35!
@23
u-<1e<B?6e3 ;5< 35?:<1e6e3
W<@235p<B?243W8x? 6e023^?A;?26e3W8x
? A b<6 <<B?
e
e
?2@
A f e A A f e f~ A A f e f A A f e f9
9
k02<1e
< A A f e r ?2@ I 354q6e02< 8 ;3 ?!8:E6e0<p671 ?24
8:1 6e3W8x
? A A k0<B?8x?2W 8x?6e35?A8xA24 13 ;W<B4 1e<35?:8xW:<B@ 35?6e0<
671 ?;47G8:1Q 6e3W8x?
A A f e
I @<6 A f e
XR (/
8
n "
,/.
hx
&
&
{
{ L
&
{
'()
*+,. /0+1-2 4=6?8:-8;:-<-8864769> @A8B 4C{/j<-;
&7
7
7
7
k02<1e<
e B
e B
7
A
.
!
& 35? !
&
.
e
k02<1e
< @2<B?8:67<B46e0<921e8 3553W6 8:088x4e35?25 |A2?23W8:15 6,1 ?2@8x
8x?<8:6e0< 8xp9b8x?<B? 6e4BE 0< 8 3 ?354
. H
&
f e "
t 35? ! ! . . .
t
k02<1e<
k<:<14e
3 W< } A2p9354 v3 &6eA1e<
8: /
/ :<1?<B^4Mp8T:<B4 :? @;@23W6e3W8xS?
6786e0<479;5356 ?2@ p<1e:<p8:<B4 5E<q8xA25@0 :<>8:6e02<1)8:<B44eA;0 t4 ;3W1e6e0
8: 8xp9b8x?<B?6 @< 6e0 8: 8xp9b8x?<B? 6 ?2@ 4e35p9;5< A9@ 67< 8:6e0<
W8& 6e3W8x?24B{ 0< 13W8xA24kp8:<B4 1e< 1e13W<B@8xA26 8:1@23^?678 6e02<,v3 &6eA1e<
9218 ;355356e3W<B4
f 4
408 k?35?3WxA1< l ? 6 3W6
3^46e0<
2<
3 ;3^53W6_q8:b35?25A;@235?k4e8 ? 9b8x4e4e
3 W<Ep8T:<B46e0 6E ? :<1e<:<14
3 ;W<
4 47<B@ 8x?
} A2p9 p8:1e<q9b8 <1eA;p8&@<B-47<BW<B6e3W8x?4e671 67<:6e0 ? 40<Bp<B
p8&@<B 47<BW<B6e3W8x?A;4e35? v3 &6eA1e<35?2@235 678:1>8:1@2v3 uA24e358x? 9218<B4e4e<B4A24e35?
8x?25 ;351e6e0 ?2@@2< 6e0+p8T:<B4 [&67<9;0<B?2h4 nm w8 <:<1 6e0< 9;1e8 ;W<B
k356e0 1e<:<1Q4e
3 ;W< } A;p9 / /354>6e0 6q<B?x35?<<1Q35? 1<:<14e
3 ;5<p8T:<B4354
:<1e 67135 ;6e35p<_8x?24eA;35?6 94 -
7
7
&7
7
k'
7 %
7
k'
&7
t
F k'
'()
*+,. /0+1-2 4=6?8:-8;:-<-8864769> @A8B 4C{/A8
y y -n
5J@1/zfEy1dyzfGEy
y
5J@5F1zfEy1
n
_{+ z Gy
y y -n
5J 5F 5J zfEy1
Zy1 y Gy
d
z
y
@
Z
x+ y zfyEZy]zdy1
VQdBa[DEuQtBJ ' [r' c ]M]>$
oh$T--TA
`I\/v/#mp/5 m
6e0<B?6e0<v3 35?6e35p<3^4
s
~ 35?
zR
9H
{
{ ,
nH
d,A
BRR1v
/k
p*@UR1Pp1*Rp/R/''|111[p='p
'R||[Rv/'@RWH
H
1|R
[1[
?
45
6879:;=<?>
@9<
A:<?; BCDE@F8G->H?<?BJILK-G-: 9C7
@1
p/TRp
N
O
H
OP
H OQPR
N pp|[Rp
@'R
8R 1pp/xp6pp
R_^R@R1
S BpR^prpHp'
U?VR/kpR@|[
O M p1k[Zr|p@]\ pR
OQP XWY \
` badcDea gf
aih fkjjjif
aml n]l6Dko `
RR[RpZ R R'1RBR [R
^ 8p|[pq
rEpp@+\
rT
a r r M p1(v'R4psZrv[||[=Rp=utHRp'vUxw' S @-ye1{zpR1|
R11 S pH RpR1Jrv[p>[JdRR@@'1@1[JRpZ
`
a2 R
A}| ]~
5
Rp
R
` o 5s ~ea ~ ` o
5
S p/ 1H82?8 Rp @RV $J'pR
p/a
Rp&w6p/1R|
||R|R[/R
r/@v-8sZ
R1v^[|[
@'p{zp1|p'1iZ
R d@RRp
2ZnVR
R
/''2Z
Rpw1p/1R|
`{
S p@ '[Zr|
t tR[^RR'|2Zn Zr[1 /'R\[1x'p1 ZrBp@H1v[|6sZn1R
1Zp p[r
Z |[ Rp @>R /'/Z/@Q^Pn6v[U
1R/'Rp[r
Z p'|[pR1| [1sZ 1R[Zr^Zr1Q^-R_^RR'|iZn p,R
v/=RpR1pJ1=d8[1| S 1Q^ [ZrvRRp@|[/
M
Zn@{Z
1/p/1zpR1rR pRp1pRvB'R1
RZ
'@U1p^R
W | s x \
?
Z 1
n
#v_v cE #
n
@1/R[1np,RFv/
@p|
` tsZrQ^ dR[12Zn-Rn[RJvp>1p[Zr|[p S
1H1@R
^ R/^/BR `{`
5 w6Zr1Q^F8sZi|^U[p/,R
`{`
p1'|1[p
/'
p|^[@PRpRppR
44
pp/@Zep||@@'1@R1Rp
tsZrQ^(xv/pZnR4RZn@'_
5
d
RppRRp
[
/'2Zw6p/1R|4Rpg_^R6p
z p|@R|>Zr1Q^uZn@p1Q^[(8sZe1@|
M pR(pR|{Z 1{
^R'@U
,R|{Z@ZnRp1 ||61Z R S 6 ZnR'1k1@'p1Q^
[p/'/n
Z @'1Q^ RpP@ R6/1@|[\
|[2[
^ ;X/R/1/R^'p| @' 1@>8sZ FpR1 R
t t/ S 1/RR1|p$nv//u[
^ 111p[ S ZU
[[
^ RJ'[dR_R
^ R|2n
Z |Rpsr
Z -p1(14p68R6
n
Z |
p@-|1R S 1eJper1pp/\ /Rv[1^'r
Z |/1Xp_[
^
pr
Z p|[ QR
^ /' Rp M S /p| `{
{n
Z @pV @1Fp
V [Q[
^ S RJ*p/R|Rir
Z JR R_R^ U
'12n
Z d8RQp{18s M R_R^ R'|2Z @L[
^ p@'R/[
^ |R
npp/ /'R1;'1|[p{ M
p R 1/vp 'r
Z |J8sZ
S }n
Z RU1R/'@+p8#-]
# x
RRp 11[ `{
Rp 11 ^R_R
^ R'12Z 1 `{ 'sZ pR1/R\[R 6| S \
R_R
^ R|2n
Z -@n111[Z |ZRp
1n
Z RZ/R sn
Z @|[pR| 1p/U
/1B
S /R/{sn
Z /U@v1QJ
^ RV S @'RR1p1Q^r
Z R
^R/R v/8e'r
Z |/'{
Re
r
Z |v/e11r
Z 1/' (
t R11
QR
^ /'iRv/Rp M |/'1QR^ [ `{
5 }dm2J
d|V>@Hd'pR>[=p-RP'_^[R
pR1X6@^R@
R=|[Q^>[Zr
_ ^[ S
dpR1p@H
p1B11BBp@
pHB@@'1RRvpRv[Rp1'1|[
pR1|[[
e'[p1
[pn1_VR
RZp
p@[e[pFpRZn@|[FJeZr|B
@Zr//'RH
p'R\['Rxp1||[
RFRpR1
p'|p|[dp@1|/k/|[/ @^R/p1'1|[
$p@xp'
p|@1 R//pRpH'@@Rp@Zn1p[Z
R(R 1/Q
1pp||>RZ1
p'|p|[
/R/{[[p
pR1R
p p'R|{Z
1v@1Rp Rk[Zn U
RHR1|
R@p@|[=eVR-1R
Jv/Rpp1^/RXp1'J
@|[p@
@'1v/Rp(pQ^pUR18RpZn@|[
S (1[1@kp @VR,epRv/-Rp('Rp'||[VR/
r R- c R // R- r
c 1[Q^R/'[Zr11p4 r r
c
@1/1@{s^|RpnRpw6R `{ xpx@[|^[/R6Zn|
1pp||^R8
@ 1
p/ (@|[@p'|p|[-1p1'\|8Rp@R
@'1/|@12^uVR/'ppRHZr@1[p@=p1'1|[
=R[1Xp1BpR1{Zp[
1p|RQ
[p1
/@P[Rp@p@|[X[p1='1Q^
2Zv/RB/Rp>Rp@'
t t
[Z}U
6879:;=<?>
@9<
A:<?; BCDE@F8G->H?<?BJILK-G-: 9C7
p@|[FPr[R/^RpnPr_^[-p'|p|[
M S Zr/6p
^|Rp Rbw6R
8RF[12^ 1P@*p'g1
`{ M pp'
1 R[X1R-'pppQ^/R/'R'pRp 1@'R11Rp p1Q^
Zn11Q^UZrvRRp^Zr1Q^ BU1 `{ Zep||1nR
V /1
p@(@-[12^ S 1vRp>'pp'xR/'{ >p1@pp[R
6[^
Rr@p{[Zn@|[ -pZn@^[1pR6|RpR1rRRv[R M
[Zr/6;[Zn|R[|RZr[p|R'QZ
^ J'Rp'||[RV /'Rp
pRQ^[1Q^-[pR\1xsZrv[ 8Rx6
n
Z |HRv[Rp1||[\
dRx[Zrp',RZn1Q^Q [n
Z 1@r
Z /p p@[
^ p@'R/ -@'1/p1@
R//pR'@p1/=1 S Rp '@v/ 5
Z /6pp@R1| S [
M /@p S /R/{ 8 S Rp@p|R t tr
\/'RpZ
Rp@p@|[
[1p[p| S |p[Fp112
^ @pRV ,
p'R\/'p/1ppQ^ 1R>x |[ M |/'p/ R |' `{ U@'R1|
pR1p
1[
V HRpB
Rv/ `{ (Rp=R^ p/'@|[
_
V {BRv/HRp
w R `{
6
V 1R
M |/'/eRp} `{ M n
Z /@p8R-U
p@|1>
/|1n
Z R S ,^Rpe
Z pr
Z R@' H{
z p|
1=1(6
/11Qn
^ @
d
mJJv {d
4 J8miJm
w{z1R
1P@pp6[Z
/|
'1Q^Q
Zn[^[ S
[t(@|
@|[
p/J@
/'
w tZr/6pFR11 S
F
/@[
R-pRU@11|p'|p|[pep1Q^*'Zr|
R/Fp/p 1
'p@'|[^1R[|Q^
p@F@''|@R1d1pp/1
R_U [Zr
{z1R
_^[R1Rp@x18RpZn@1[8sZ
_^[pR pU
p/pZrR'[
1>rRRp(e{z1RUp612^'@^RrR
@1[p@'|1
[U
U@U
|[U
H'Rx1^[|R
e R- c
c
f
f
R-
c
c R
[Z m
R
R^
||
@Rp*prR/@@|[pF n
R
||
R-
v|R|
>[p1*R'2Zr
@VR,-Rp||[4Rpd[pp1|[pRR1pp/\pB[ZrU1|8HZr6
e
c R- c
c
c HRp e R- c
c e 8B S U
/R/{p1HRiZrp|[P1HpRB@'==uw t Zr S RpV8
-HR[Z
1r[n
Z @-'/'|R1 1=[r
Z v[/'1R e# x c
Rp-1R6/1@d8@ 1p/1p1Q^ pn
Z @[
^ 1pRR1'|U|[ e# E c #
4
~
i=1,...,N=10 particles
(i)
t-1
-1
~ #~
!
~ "
(i)
t-1
(i)
t-1
(i)
t-1
-1
(i)
t
-1
!
~ #~
$&%('*),+.-0/13246587.9;:=<?>A@;B*CED;F(>*GH7.9I>JLKMK*7.<N7POQBRDTSIF=7.>UOE<N7QBROP7.<EBV7?7.:=CE>WYX[Z\:=7.9]B*58^;5;_
\`>a:=b*9,7.>acdCE>BR<P^;O.>feAghjoqilknpsm rat.u psrAv Gw\9I:=xQ9dDwO.KVyw:(cw>a<B*5zB*DIDwO.K@;:=C{BV7.:(K*5dKR|~}Hh o6pr ;rP o6pU
IK*O>B*xQ9D~BROP7.:=xaF=>\`>xAKCEDI^w7.>7.9;>:=CEDLKROP7QB*5IxA>\>a:=b9M7.<Y^I<P:=5Ibf7.9I>:=5;|nK*O.C{BR7.:=K*5zBV7`7.:=CE>
W&:=C{XBR7.Z :=K5E 9I}H:=<h O.>a<P^IFl7.<:=57.9;>^I\`J;<P>A>:(b*M9M^I7.>a>5Mc7.FlCEMGw>7.BR9I<P>^;O.O.>>a<.eAB*gh CEoqilknD;psm F=ra:(5;t gbEoqi=<Nkpsm7.r >av DG<P\>a9;F=>a:(xAxQ7.9<wK:=5I>aFlF(c;<f7.9;BR>56BRSIDI7PD;7.O.>AK<N7.@, _
D~BVOP7.:(xAF(>A<7.K{o6KpJwr 7Q B* :=rP50 o6ps7.9Ir >fUL^I 5M\`>A:(b*9M7.>cCE>B*<P^wO.>eVh
o6i=knpsm r tQu psrAv GI\9I:=xU90:=<<N7.:(F=F
BR5BRDIDwO.KV@w:l_
C{BR7.:=K5EKR|w}Hh
H:=5~BRF=F=MG7.9I><.B*CEDIF=:=5IbEDwO.>c;:=xA7.:=K*5 <N7.>AD:=5M7PO.K,c;^;xa>a<&yBVO.:(>U7MG
O.>a<P^IFl7.:=5Ib:(57.9Ioq>psrCE >rPBR o6<Pps^;rO.> eAgh oTilknm tQu psr v G;\9;:(xQ9:=<B*50BRDIDwO.KV@w:=C{ BR7.:=K*5zK*|~}Hh o rP o6psr U
V
{ ##P Qi
S
! |, o l rP o &
U
^
w t _^
2Z
_^
`{ v
r
Q^
c ;r c [Z
8
c o c
`
c w t [Z Z
s
Z
2^
U
;r c [Z { [Z w S
c
Z
sZ
uw t
sZ
2^
U
[Z
8
sZ S S
Z
M
Z
[^
(i)
t
PR
RpP v@|[p
R/'1
*R RR|
@ r
1 p/1e1
@pp 6
p'|p|[
['
n/
R11
@pp' n@|p1|
'1R
@d n
p1| 6
6p
|R
@'1/|
@|X1'|UZR/R'p1 P
@'1/|
pF rU
R/R'p1 Jv[
n/RppR r1e8
pr\[/'|R
@d n\R'RpRv[Rvp1'1|[
n|
(i)
t
x8
d' r|H@J@pp'Rp'1@|
^R/'+w
1'
/RJRpR1
[
Zp@|[
\[n/pJ6pZn/p^U@p
r
r
S
`c g;r c c ^
g
;r c 2^
.
g
c
? g
c R- c
c c
c x
c
>RR1
|[
p1 rRv[R p'|QU
[|RJ
4
6879:;=<?>
@9<
A:<?; BCDE@F8G->H?<?BJILK-G-: 9C7
HaRV6q,
fMPMHaERMs(INP
M~&`;RnnU~AI{I P3I3a A 0, ~
jg
n g R
Vn N Q N
IMQR
g Vn Y
g n jn N
M~&`;RnnU~R3IlM.EI3~I Vd(,~QIMV3 *.
g
g
n n
g n
nn Vn N Q N
Y V N Q P
HRaVqMTNP
; A(I , U*,!3wnA M R jg *s w wI 3 ({,~QIMV
M . n . Qw( MwA , R Vn *
0
g
c
c c
c A g
c R- c
sZ j iZ
[Z
S _^
g
c
c c
g
c R- c
g
c
c c
c g
c R- c
g g
c R- c
c
g
c R- c
p'Zr|H8
epHv
'sZ
{z@|[
55 S
dRd@HdRp[Z
p'1
/pZ
HR {zp@|[
[p/^R p-V@[
55
_^[
55
R4[ZrvRRp-p1'|1[
Xp1Q^r1p'R\['Rp[qZn_^[14p[p/^_
'@1rR -'(
'
g
c R- c
g
c R- c
[J> rvRRp
/p|1|
(pv/'H_^[|/R|n8sZ
5Q`
k|BRpw6/p@ `{ " M
/|P/@R1p@ r/R
RRp1pR
pd'Rp1|[=p'|RHRBpRv[R4p1'|1[
g
c R- c
p'=/Rd-[Zn\R'Rp
g
c R- c
c
_^[H@g^[|R=
|[
pd1_VR11p6npp#U
tpR@pv@p/ZnRpZr1U
1RV `{ p1RRpX
dRy S -[|/ RpBp1 `{ xRrBvR'@nU|/ ^
R[
*R;@'1/|
2
Z v/rRp11p u
r p';p@
W r c r M p|1[ / S @eR11 S epXRV n
Z ,61Q^
@R
^ /ep1||[B /1|XZ[1QJ
^ pnpdU@1/| M /
@ @'1[p-||['p{r
Z 1* 1|/@4-p|dv/8Rpn
Z Rp
@@'|H1=/n
Z R ! r [p/^/BR 5Q`
d[n
Z \R'R48@xR6k||[-'[1x1v@ |/Rx[p1
/vp[@1/|1pp1kRp S _[
^ M p@(11/R>vB@PR(
RVU \J
[1p-p@^pRB{
z p|'R6
V S |QR^ dR S p@ @-U
1/1-/p [U@1@|U@'r
Z //'8Zrp1 M 1(p@|B[
P[r
Z U|{r
Z @@'1@1eRpn
Z 1|['p{r
Z -'R_[
^ 8R S @p|
Z 11/1PR p 6p12
^ Rsr
Z |r
Z 611v1p/U[ R
M per
Z RBR@RR
n
^ BRdR[R^ R'|2n
Z {
/ Rn1@'RF1'U
JR1 \['|| 1p t t
c r[ R' U@1/| pp'|
|R=Rp [p/
p|[
j c Hp
'R||[R
V /\ S |F1@@'1Rp1'|1[
c
c 116|1nd/xRv@U
p@%$\
/|=p'|pR/R'pQ
^ p v[/'1RRe1/B
S /R/
S
@/|Z _[
^ Zp,R v/ r
Z ,R kr
Z R' 1/Q^ @RZR
M
1-[ZrU1|pXR/'1[*R1w
/1p1Q^
[pp@1[
@Rp
g
4
6879:;=<?>
@9<
A:<?; BCDE@F8G->H?<?BJILK-G-: 9C7
P@UR R@p112^
@pVR,'Rp1|[VR/
RRv@@'1@|[Rp/pp'|p|[
|>v(
p'|p|[/Rr[|'RRp@
/R
-1@'R
pRvR'@HR
R\
S
t tbZr/6pvp'XR^|pUBZrU|/{ R_^RR|2Z
Rp/R/'1|2Zr t t1F|/'Q^J8'Zr S RV8 S =
|[2^R/{
z p|gR
V /'p4nv-/^R6p1
Rp@'
Y
'&)(m
pZ
*(
?J j
.-
,+
R'p1pZ1@'p1Q^
8[1/J1P'p@R/'1
1@^R*p[Znp|[pR
Zr61{mZnR1R>p@R/rRZnRRp@'1@pU11/@|[p{ R'|R
p@R/v[xHp'R|{
Z 1w Z
t [6
S /R/{@' t t
|
1QR
B
^ S `{ p/' ^11R^ @ds
Z Rd1,@@|[
1=1H@
U|-Rp1/|[pv[|6sn
Z 1R\v[ppk[Fn
Z
1Q^ [n
Z p|1
R @'p[dR-
V Z_[
^ /|'r
Z |/'1_[
^ pr
Z p|[ M
s
Z 1p@1[FR 'r
Z 112n
^ R_R^ R'|2Z S 1F|p/1R^ 'R|^Rp[Z 1@|[
R6
Rgr
Z /6ppRB,R >vdR/'Jp/pJ^
Rp|BRp[Z 1@|[
1Hp/H R2R
^ /1FR_R
^ R'|2Z RpJ'1 [}H
t @'|Q M pdRU
^RR'12n
Z R^\/> S n S RpV S | @R^ pr
Z p|[RQr
Z p1xp
Rrp'R(/ S R6
V B
R `{ rRp
Rp'1R p6 @v/nRp
111n
Z `{ R
8Rpn
Z @|[@v[ /'1@|RR @R^ /p1'|1[
R18Rpn
Z =R1R
^ 'R^@=RuZ RR@p|R'p{r
Z RPp1'/p
1
w |[ 5 4 B
|x1epR v/ @[
^ p@ Ps
Z 1p@1[R
t
t RpF@'@|[pRR[n
Z 1@1[P'p[
z pB/RXR1>1RJ r
Z R
/1n
Z 11Q^ |R/R 5Q`
Z p@|[ZR
R1p/ S |Zr
Z 1Q^Ln
Z / S |p1
M rs
'n
Z S RP
V R
@U RV S 11@|[ (
t R1nRpB
Rv/ `{ /R
R1Jp1d1R
^ @ [r
Z p$R{r
Z 6
w \[ S >/Rp|61 1p
/v
/4
@@'1@1
1 S eR
^ [{%/ Rp0i'p'@
/vd1
Rp[pp||[R[,/mp [pp|1[pRv[/'|Rdp'|p|[
RpR11/R|J'R@1 M S n/R*R1|n
Z @[
^ 1pR1[p
F8sZ
/4 S 1'J|H1
v[/'1R{pRpP[p1/F 8/H[Fn
Z 11Q^ 8sZ
r3
/4kRp
RR pp=p[n
Z p|[
M p@H1 S 'r
Z |1/ 2
p-6
R^18/p sr
Z p
6
>161Q^5[|sZr
pR1{Z/R
r c
`
r
/
@1@|(Rp=ZrU11Q^e{Z6HR
RXv[1RFR|Pp1Q^
dRZnR|/
Rp|[/
6R-R_^RR'12ZnB'p'XR
Re6ZrU|[/R@p1
p
Zr61
4
Zn|X@'@|>p@>[Zn1p@X|R>^R'@Up1/R
S | /1=RU
V 1[Rpx
pQ^ 5Q`
`{ 1[
^p/@p1/@|[@Re1p/1pp ppZ 1 R1R / S RV6 [/
1R pFRpBp'1 5 [pp|1[pR1|Rp'1RZr61
t(@'/ Rp-[ `{
R[2*
^ Rpew6/Up@' `{ [p/ `{
RpZn4,R/'^[1Q^>RT^R'@p1/R
n
Z '|2Z RJRp [11/ 5Q`
p^$ M peR|{ZR( S
Rsn
Z @1/R11X1p|8 S 1'Z@@'U
@1kp[p1rvr
Z |Rp S p1>/RvpRp| RR|/R1|r111
Rv
X1/1Q
^ /R|Rin
Z 1eR2^sr
Z @1[ Rkp_[
^ F[r
Z U
1[pRTr
Z 61 S | | S p[r
Z |[pRH@1/1R@@'1@U| n
Z 11Q^
[p1>e@|/R4@1@|pdR'_[
^ 1Rr
Z 6[U|B1 r
Z |/{
Z R'd'R@|ein
r
Z |v/R(
t p1 `{4 p'1
1R
Rp [p/ 5Q` d6ZRpd
[p `{
/ R
[[r
Z Rp pU
[ 5Q` 1>$ M p1'@R
^ R11 S [Zn
Z @ pR@U111
/1R'|/@|[=R|{n
Z (>[r
Z 1/'R^ |[=R|{n
Z {
^ R /|n
Z 11Q^1r
Z /6pn
Z [Rp[r
Z p1QR^ [
M k'_[
S @pBRR111p12
^ |66
V HR t t n
Z 6
HRRV /'p1
RQ^sn
Z @|[ '@[
^ | Rp |66
V 1Q
^ Rp [ /@/8-_[
^ Re
p'R\['Rn
Z 'pRpn
Z M pJ1@/n{
z p|rpsn
Z R1 v/|L6
V S |QR^
Rp '1/ M p/ @R
^ @RpvRpp1| R=s
Z 1p12*
^ 6
1Q^
pQU Rp[n
Z RR_R
^ R'12n
Z S | t t 1n
Z Rn
Z Rp1r|@'1Q
^ pRQU
|{Z
w sr
Z @R@@R|RZv/p12
^ 8sZ r
Z 1Q^r
Z /6p
Rp;
R|1/RHR_^RR|2Zn
sZrpF
[
p
{ZnR1pQ^@1@|
/R
1/1pR
0
dl~\rkso\~#z S msrVq|tkRVs~#r'\~oZOk
U
ksopo1 V
m[
~#z `{ k2lmPo[ZO~|{kRp
opo~#rkRBpmP||k `{P
M mnkRd||pkRNdrm ~||}~|
p1~|1K
p\r'p~
\~
r~zks|kRp
6879:;=<?>
@9<
A:<?; BCDE@F8G->H?<?BJILK-G-: 9C7
kr'*~#r)kR poyo1pkZO| `{ M t M K ~pp|}m[
ksopo1 VkRwZnz
{` PM kRp wKtmPo[Z~|lkRp ~pp|}m[ 5 Q` Idzpp|Hy||\~ M
K
|dks| `{
{Z
kRp
m[|}z}rkR1_z3rmRdo~ O|
x
~p o~+O
Z kz p1Q^P1p_^P S k|B|}z}~{Z|OKks|'opk
Zeozzkr^s~#zz}rk 6
V 1Q^K ~#r^sZOkR {` PM
EG[?E]8;H7I
kRp
kso1p|kzm[NkRp
poyo6*~tk|}~#o\r~|}m[\r
~z}mUa~#msdo~
p|p12^
t kRp
S ~#~ t
Q^Q msr m[ p|~\~|| S ~k,s~|Vd*~ZOkR1_z}~#r~|}z1Q^
1~ks| 1 opp1Q^z}~{
Z a~#r'Q^kRp m[\do1Q^Q msr+Zmsr~=\~#zkRpop|{ S ~kR6p|}~
z\~
r~kR\~#r|z}m
[
m
d
|
ozz\~r~#G~#r~ ~|kzz\~~pNmszpp|dka~#r{
z}m
ZOk
p1\~Ro~kr'p
^cjH.8Bwv]@BeWi;@B:=@BH*?F
,~ S m[o1Qo1_Vs~Rz}mzkRQV l
mR1 msrr'p|
~/61
w ~Vqkr M kz_Vsm[pkkRp _sV ~ M z}z}~#r1Q^sz}m[
B
R@
\r;
pV 3ks|-V61
kr
Ac@BHW^P@BF
p pc
}
6
F=JLO.>A>aOP<P7DLG K5; <P>B*5~cIc BR7QB,G 9I:=J*),G + NZ IU- {Ba-UM+Q>A% <P:BR5B*5IB*% Flw%<P:(<K*|fJ;:=5~A%BROP]% BR5~c]DLK*Fl;xQ9IKR7.KCEK*^I<
%
Q
G
9
.
7
I
9
a
>
P
<
=
:
a
<
G
A
>
~
D
R
B
P
O
.
7
E
C
A
>
,
5
]
7
*
K
|
j
=
F
a
>
U
x
P
7
.
O
(
:
a
x
*
B
F
j
;
5
b
=
:
I
5
A
>
A
>
.
O
=
:
I
5
;
b
G
(
:
5 KDI:=5;b
5I:=y3>UO.<P:=76MG \>a>c;>A5
>AO.5;>AO.<N_ >a>G G B*:=F=F=:(B*^G f G ^IK*7.K*5I>a5G G :=>aF=<P>a5G B*5~c >axAO.>U7G NZ U
9I> KRO.F(cw_ :(c;> >aJG ) I% %
I-
>a<.BRb;G G O.>a>A5G H G :(cwbK5G B*5Ic >a5;b>AO.<P>a5G ? NZ U BaM>a<P:(B*5? xAKCEDI^w7QBR7.:=K5
B*5~c<N7.KMxU9IB*<N7.:=xf<Nw<N7.>aCE<aG % % A%q- U- sNZ w
;
ha a.
P
#
JW
s_
}
9
_ p G xs;j *
3
h*dW y p
.hd;
\*%\q
\h;d p
}s
pcy 3} p 7
ncy p1 h
} }
n
g
* \
X
y c
U
{_s
y
} t {
P} pt
\.
q
O
}
c ps9 ld %
h}
}
7hW q
hd
p
7. c7Bc
s %f
{B
q.s
#
37y
cc
s ps
}
}
d}
l
\} p
} )c { q
}
p O 9} N
y p.
p
a p p
d{
dW
W pa 7x
ps,
pcxh3 x7B
Pcy p
6
!"#"$%'&()*,+- .
0/
1234)57698:36<;4)695 =)>!?@:AB'8C969=EDGF'B'43>!2
y
s
cy p _
Pd y s cy
JP p
Jc
}
y pB}
}
#
..Wp
_d y ps
}
Pcy} p{sy} p
W pdW y p
G gB
c 1d
y
as
s s\d
a
s}
_ y
} }
y
; pP
y
hqdW y pl
}
J
y c
sah g
Jl. p
}
cy p
; p
hd;wc
Phj
_3;jj*
P
}
}
cy p
;h
*
s %n * ps
x p;d}
B
3g
}
y
}
c h
qsh
#
}
c
6
!"#"$%'&()*,+- $
0b
s
_
#
sqhd { s s
B
}
G 7x*g *
}
\;\B
P
y
%_s
;
. p
B
s* pW
BWW3
s
G 7xs;j *
}
l
y p.
sh O.
=y p%3} p
h;d, pJlj
1.s x
njs
}}
h} lc % s
p
}
Pjs
shg a7B p
9 3
d
}#
p9y ps3} p p
}
qhdW y p\) p
hd;Nd}
9c d
\*%\q
p%j
}
Od
3.s J]*s 7
}
sqh3 .
U
y
*
y
y p7)d
c _9 ld
j p
J
1 p
q # p
6
!"#"$%'&()*,+- l
1234)57698:36<;4)695 =)>!?@:AB'8C969=EDGF'B'43>!2
_
h p
9c d
}
j
J
p y ps3} p p
sBhW.
}
#
q
h;dW y p
y
}}
d}
s x
dW
#
3
h p
cy pg
a
pW
3
s s.
{s ;.g W
h
} }
G .
9c Ud )
as
; pc
%_c
x]
} a
cdW
y
sah
sWh
9
B
g
}
}
*c
}
d y sBs
1*s 7
B
hd
Pj
y h p
}
y; p
pcy 73} p
xcy p P
cy pP9} W * }
9 B
h U.
g
q9 1 9c nd
lh %g cRd}
s 1
#
63
!"#"$%'&()*,+-
.c *c
B s p1]dW
];d
}
y
9c nd n
*)d
Us
h3cy p
p)y p_} pt
g
3.s J]xy p
}
y
xh
9 B cly} pncy
d p s {9 d %9 1B c
s %n
g p
p)cy pP3} p p
}
. p
) n
7
G JBJa
s ps
#
;dW y p
qh3 3.
hd;Uc
d}
sqh
}} }
#
q
pc; p
p)cy pP3} p p
sqh3 3.
Wds p
B
;
% pj
G %x x
}
pj p7
* pc
} }
* pc
#
6,
!"#"$%'&()*,+-
1234)57698:36<;4)695 =)>!?@:AB'8C969=EDGF'B'43>!2
B*b*>G j G O.:=5G L G K*7\`B*5;:G f B*5Ic :(5;KbROQBcG NZ U 9I> B*b*> BR5 0xa:l7QBV7.:(K*5
OQB*5 ,:=5Ib O.:(5;b:=5IbEKROQc;>AOY7.K7.9I> >AJG 7QBR5;|KROQc :=b:l7QBRF :=JwOQBRO.:=>a< KRO w:=5;b B*DL>AO
B*<P^;FB,G BR5~c ^I<P<P>AF(FG ,Z U DIDwO.KV@w :=C{BR7.>&:=5;|>UO.>a5Ixa>`|nK*OjSIO.<N7P_qK*OQcw>AOjD;O.K*J~B*J;:=F(:=<N7.:=x
FBR5Ib*^~B*b*>a<aG 6-U+ % *% -U+P- Q- + % A% 6- %('M- Q-UG >BV7P7.F(>
B*<P^;FB,G G ^;<P<P>aF=FG G N <N7.F(B*5IcG B*5Ic :l7.KRyLG NZ UE OQB*x w:=5;bzC{B* 5M0K*J >axA7.<
\:=7.9 C{B*5M<P>a5;<PK*O.<aG 6-U+ % *% -U+P- Q- + % A% 6- %('M- U-UG
7.KMx w9;KF=C
>BRO.FG NZ U
y,:cw>a5M7.:(B*FO.>aB*<PK5;:=5Ib^I<P:=5;b<N7.KMxU9IB*<N7.:=x <P:(C^IF(BR7.:=K*5G + % A%
6- %('M- Q-
>a< ,^I5G NZ UuN D; 7.:=C^;C K*5M7.>A_ BRO.F=K <.B*CED;F=:(5;b ^;<P:=5Ib BVO 3KVyxU9IB*:=5I<aG
% E- +U% M[Is
Z
:l7P7G ? B*5~c 9I>A DI9~BVOQcG NZ U H:=F=7.>UO.:(5;b0y,:B<P:=C^IF(BR7.:=K5 ^;@w:=F=:BVOPDIBROP7.:=xaF=>
S~Fl7.>AO.<aG *),+
I- {-U+Q%
% %
A% % ,^ H
O.K*DIDG B*5Ic :=F=<PK5G NZ U K*^ID;F(:=5;b|O.KC 7.9;>
D~B*<N7 BY^;<P>A'O v <Hb3^; :cw>GM% F(c;K*^I<
B*5~c O.K*DID >cw< G % A+ Q),+ *- 0% % A+P- 6- `+ A% % iY
-U+Q%q- z%
% A+.- 6- I- %
I- *+P- %
~) 6-U+ A%q- Q-
>ACEK5~cwK;G G O.:(5;:=yBR<.B*5G G :=xaKF(BwG Gy*B*5 7P7.>a5G B*5~c BR7P7 N>*G
c;B*Dw7.:(y>z:=CEDLK*OP7QBR5Ixa>d<.B*CEDIF=:=5Ib|K*ODL>AOP|nK*O.C{BR5Ixa>>AyBRF(^IBR7.:=K5 B*5Ic
D~BR OQHBRCE >A7.>AO]KUDw7.:(CE: BV7.:=K5K*|xaK*CEC^;5I:=xBR7.:=K*5I<8<Nw<N7.>aCE<aG
I+ %
) ;% %
CE:l<.7.B*9CEG HDIF=:=5I bYG 7.>a9~xQBV9ISs5;G :(,^; >aBR<5~:(5fc xaK*B*CEK;CG ^;5IN:=xZ BR7.:=K*U5I <<Nw^;<N:=7.x >aCE<P:=<aCG ^IF(BR7.:=K5 *),+ O.>Ayw:=>A\LK*|;- (:(-CE6DL- KROP7QB*+.5;- xa>
% ) I% % KJ Z
pq cd}
Jc
s %n
* ps
s psJ
9d}
s
* pW
xs
} ph
W} W
c
{ns*s p pc1h
p
W p)
cy p
}
}
}
p
W )cy p
}
y
d%
c p#9 Jd
y c
; p
}
#
}
ls3 *9 Jd W
sx
9 )d ncy d
; x7y
W )
}
lhd;Z p5
p p*s
317\
d%
p*dW
w
y
p
*
39 p7
p)cy pP3} p p
; p
qhx .
#
}
pJ
p pc.
}
hd;
6
!"#"$%'&()*,+-
#
7.>aD;7.9I9I>a>a<P5;:=<a<aGG >a D~NBVZ OP7.CEU>a 5M7Y K*| 3- Q7Q% BR7.:=<N7.:=xa- <aG @,|nK*OQ*c + 05I%y :=y3),>A+.O.-<P:l76MG
5I*b*+ F(B*5~c % +U%{A) % .G 9
\>a5~BRcwO.<PF=>aKE5<PG :=C ^IF(BV7.:(B*K*5~5Ic <aG B*5;.b;% G - N%qZ - HU- 6-U+K*f5,^IJ 5I:= y3>UO.<.B*FxAO.:l7.:(xaB*F
cww5IB*CE:=xa<:=5 K5M7.>
B*5;7.5I:(K*>A5IOG <JM cIBR 7QBRB85~cBR^IbCEK*>A5I5,bw7QG BV7.:=K 5G RN)wZ + U 9;I>- xB*EF=xa^;-U+UFBV% 7.:=K5K*|DL% K<N% 7.>UO.:(KRO0cw:(A<N7P% O.:=J;% ^;_
.
9 ;O.^;5G L U K5M7.> BRO.F=K EN <aG3% LR K*F=FB,G >A>a5fB*5Ic ? _ f ^;F(F=>AO`>c;< G
Q- E% f-U)w+ *+ % Y+ Q- .% M' 6- / 3G 4 O.>a<P<aGsDID Z
Z
:=>AO.5I>AMG
% N%Z <.U BRO Z 3KVwyEZ ~xQZ9~BR:(5;<|KRO>A@wDIF=K*O.:=5;bDLK*<N7.>AO.:=K*Oc;:=<N7PO.:=JI^w7.:=K5I<aG I
:=>AO.:(5w5I|>A>AMO.G >A
5Ixa >B*G 5Ic % :lOQBw% G f% NZ - *%UAj% L K- CE>Bc;B*D;7.:=y3> ,Z K5M7.> BVO.F=KCE>A7.9;K,c;<&|nK*O BaM>A<P:BR5
O.Kb*^;O.b>a9M<P7.<PK:=y35>{G H7.:=CE> <PBR>U5~O.:(c >A<aG K,c;6<P-U:=F=+ FG L % NZ U -U+.- O.Q>A- y3>AO.<P:=JIF=> *) ^ICE% DSY <.B*CE;-.D;- F=>AO |KROB*^wI7.%(' K*O.>A_
Y+ U- .% M'*G &K*F 4 GwDID
^ G BR5~c L9w^G L wZ U 4C{B*b* ><P>abCE>a5M7QBV7.:(K*5{J,cIBV7QBfcwO.:=y3>a5 BVO 3KVy 9~BR:=5
K5M7.> BRO.F=K;G 6-U+ %
~) 6-U+ % .% -U+.- U7.<P^;b:G ,Z U j5;<P>aCJ;F(>{KR|:=5Ic;>aDL>a5Ic;>a5M7|BRxA7.K*O{BR5~BRF= a>U O.<\:l7.9]BRDID;F(:=xBV7.:=K587.K
5~BR7.^wOQB*F:=C{B*b>fBR5~BRF=w<P:=<aG f-U),+ Y+ Q- .% M' H- 6-U+ HNZ
yBR5 cw>AO >AOP\`>*G f G K*^Ixa>A7G Gc;>8;O.>A:=7QBR<aG BR5~c B* 5G U 9I>^;5;_
<Pxa5I>a5M:=y37.>U>O.cE<P:=D~76 BVOPj7.:(5;xAbF(>:=5IS~>AFl>A7.O.>A:=O5IG b L- >aDIIBR% OP7.CE>a5M- 7 *+
,$ $
| RG B*CJ;O.:(c;b*>
W 1
}q W
J
x].J
*# ps
sJh ).
y p3} p
y
h 9 h}
c %
.
}
h3cy p
_cy p
p
*c
h}
pd
h}
3#
G jx*g *
}
3d.j;
p
xs;j *
a p p
ws)
W
nOj
\ # pc
y
s s;d
Pc
} }
s ps3d
..s
\*%\q
Pcy 7sndW
}} }
s
ss].
}
y
g
qcy pUd l
q
s\h3 3.
y p_} p p
6
!"#"$%'&()*,+- *
6
!"#"$%'&()*,+- &