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gH$VMm A`mg
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CVaVmV Vohm Va `mbm EH$m gJm_mMo n `oVo. ^mfm ~mOybm amhZ Vmo EH$ {gmVmMm bT>m hmoD$Z ~gVmo. AmO`m _amR>r emimMr
n[apWVr Am{U BJOrMo _amR>rdarb dMd ho `m dmXmMoM \$brV Amho.
^mfm ho gnH$mMo hUyZM XiUdiUmMo A{Ve` _hdmMo gmYZ Amho. ^mfo_`o Oohm gm{h`mMr {Z{_Vr hmoD$ bmJVo Vohm
VH$mbrZ gm_m{OH$, gmH${VH$ n[apWVrMo {Vq~~hr `mV nS>bobo {XgVo. ^mfm Oohm emr` Am{U AMyH$ hmoD$ bmJVo Vohm
{dkmZmMo JWhr `m_`o {Z_mU hmody bmJVmV. `mH${aVm ^mfobm bmJUmar VmH$X hr AZw^d Am{U gemoYZmVyZM m hmoV AgVo.
g`m`m H|${` {dmb`mVyZ {Vgar ^mfm hUyZ O_Z EodOr gH$V AmU`mMm H|$ gaH$maMm `Zhr AgmM dmXm_`o gmnS>bm
Amho. Hw$R>`mhr JmoQ>rMr gVr hr _yi CrQ>mZm _maH$M AgVo.
^mfo`m jom_`o gH$Vbm EH$ AZ` gmYmaU _hd Am{U WmZ Amho, OJmV`m ^mfo`m A`mgH$m_`o `m ~b Xw_V
Zmhr. gH$VMo gm_` ho {V`m aMZo_`oM Amho. gH$V hr ^maVm`m Hw$R>`mhr mVmMr ^mfm Zmhr, Varhr Jo`m AS>rM hOma
dfm_`o, gH$V_`o OodT>o gm{h` CnbY Pmbo VodT>o OJmVrb BVa Hw$R>`mhr ^mfo_`o Pmbo Zmhr. gH$V hr nm{UZr `m ^mfmdkm{ZH$mZr
_mS>bobr EH$ H${_ ^mfm Amho. nm{UZr hm gw_mao AS>rM hOma dfmnwdu hmoD$Z Jobm. AQ>m`m`r hm `mMm gw_mao Mma hOma gym_`o
{b{hbobm `mH$aU JW. nm{UZr`m AmYr Am{U nm{UZr H$mbrZ hr ^maVmV AZoH$ ^mfm hmo`m, nU `m`m ^mJmo{bH$ _`mXo_wio
`mnH$ gdmXmH$[aVm `m nwaoem Zh`m. H$Xm{MV `m_wioM nm{UZrbm EH$m _mU^mfoMr {Z{_Vr H$amdrer dmQ>br Agob. nm{UZr
dV AQ>`m`r_`o AmYr`m ZD$ Vo Xhm `mH$am H$`mMr Zmdo XoVmo. XwXdmZo `mMo Hw$R>bohr JW AmO CnbY ZmhrV. nm{UZr`m
gH$V`m {Z{_VrZVa hr gJir `mH$aUo {Z^ Pmbobr {XgVmV. nm{UZr ZVahr OZmZr Amnbo EH$ `mH$aU H$a`mMm `Z
Ho$bmM hmoVm, nU Vmo hr \$magm `edr Pmbm Zmhr.
AmO BJOr_wio OJ Ogo Odi Ambo Amho, VgoM gH$V_wio, H$`mHw$_marnmgyZ {h_mb`mn`VMm ^maV EH$ Pmbm hmoVm. `m_wioM
^maVm`m gJ`m mVm_YyZ H$Wm, H$mX~`m, Am`m_, {dkmZ `m gH$Vr`m gJ`m AJmdaVr gH$V_`o {dnwb {bImU Pmbo.
AmO {H$`oH$ hV{b{IVo ZQ> Pmbr Agbr Var Vrg bmImhZhr A{YH$ gH$V hV{b{IVo ^maV Am{U ^maVm~mhoarb JWmb`m_`o
CnbY AmhoV. gH$V_`o CnbY Agbobo gm{h` hoM gH$VMo ~bmmZ Amho. AS>rM hOma dfm`m ^maVr` gH$Vr`m
gm_m{OH$, Am{WH$, Ym{_H$, A`mp_H$, H$bm Am{U {dkmZmMo {Vq~~ `m {bImUm_`o Amho. 1953 gmbr India as known to
Panini, A study of the cultural material of the Ashtadhyayi. hm gw_mao 600 nmZmMm dmgwXodeaU AJadmb `mZr {b{hbobm JW
bIZm {dmnrR>mZo H$m{eV Ho$bm. AS>rM hOma dfmnydu {b{h`m Jobo`m AQ>m`m`r_`o {Vq~~rV Pmbobo VH$mbrZ g_mOm`m
gm_m{OH$, gmH${VH$, ^mJmo{bH$, Am{WH$ AJmda `m JWm_`o MMm Amho. ~m Am{U OZ Y_hr gw_mao AS>rM hOma df} OwZo AmhoV.
`mMo gwdmVrMo JW AZwH$_o nm{b Am{U AY_mJYr ^mfoVyZ Agbo Var, nwT>o `mZm `m ^mfmMm `mJ H$Z Amnbr gJir JWgnXm hr
gH$V_`oM H$am`bm bmJbr. `mMo H$maU Oar AmnU emoY`mMm `Z Ho$bm, Var Hw$R>`mhr gH$Vrbm Amnbm {dH$mg Am{U kmZ
gmamH$arVm _mU^mfoMr JaO H$m bmJVo ho ghO bjmV `oBb.
gmoim`m eVH$mV `wamon_YyZ ^maVm_`o Y_gmaH$ `oD$ bmJbo. m_w`mZo Vo X{jU ^maV Am{U Jmo`m_`o OmV H$m`aV hmoVo.
bmoH$mer gdmX gmYm`Mm Va ^mfoda ^wd AgUo {H$Vr _hdmMo Amho ho `m`m bjmV Ambo, Am{U `mVyZM `mZr gH$V Am{U
mXo{eH$ ^mfm`m A`mgmbm gwdmV Ho$br. Y_gmamMo H$m_ H$aV AgVmZm `mZm Amn`m gH$VrVrb A`m_ Am{U {dkmZm`m
JVrZo AmM` M{H$V H$$Z Q>mH$bo. ho ~hg` boIZ gH$V _YyZ hmoVo. gH$V Am{U mVrH$ ^mfm`m A`mgmVyZ `mZr Vo
{dkmZna boIZ Am{U `mMr _m{hVr `wamon_`o m`bm gwdmV Ho$br. AmOhr `m _m{hVrMm A`mg, nmMm` {dmnrR>mVyZ Mmby

Amho.
1563 gmbr Jm{g`m Xr AmoVm (Garciade Orta) `m Jmo`m_`o H$m_ H$aUm`m nmoVwJrO A`mgH$mZo ^maVmVrb AmfYo Am{U
dZnVtMr _m{hVr XoUmam _hdmMm JW {bhZ Vmo `wamon_`o H$merV Ho$bm. h|{S>H$ A{S>`mZ hZ arS> (Hendrit Andrian Van Rheede)
ho Ho$ai_`o Y_gmamMo H$m_ H$arV hmoVo. 1678 Vo 1693 `m H$mbmdYrV `mZr hmbS> _YyZ "hmQ>g _b~marH$g' (Hortus
Malabaricus) hm ~mam IS>m_Yrb b{Q>Z ^mfo_Yrb, X{jU ^maVmVrb AmfYr dZnVtMr _m{hVr XoUmam JW H$m{eV Ho$bm. hr
_m{hVr `mZr A`V H$mQ>oH$maonUo VH$m{bZ n{S>V Am{U dXy `m`mH$Sy>Z {_i{dbr hmoVr. `wamon_`o ZVa {b{h`m Jobo`m dZnVr
emm`m A`mgm_`o `m Xmohr Y_gmaH$mZr {Xbobr _m{hVr H$_r-A{YH$ _mUmV AV^yV H$a`mV Ambobr Amho. gnXemnmgyZ
Wmn` emmn`VMo AZoH$ JW Y_gmaH$mZr ^mfmVarV H$Z qH$dm _yi nmoWrdnmV `wamon_`o Zobo. O_Z Y_gmaH$ hoar amW
(Heinrich Roth) hm 1652 gmbr Jmo`m_`o Ambm. n{e`Z, H$S>, CXy `m ^mfm~amo~aM `mZo gH$Vdahr ^wd {_i{dbo. BVHo$M
Zmhr Va 1660 `m gw_mambm `mZr MH$ nm{UZr`m `mH$aUmMo b{Q>Z_`o ^mfmVa Ho$bo. 1651 gmbr A~mh_ am{O[a`g (Abraham
Rogerius) `m S>M Y_gmaH$mZr qhXy Xod XodVmMr _m{hVr `wamon_`o H$m{eV Ho$br. "nX_Zm^' `m n{S>Vm`m _XVrZo `mZr ^Vhar`m
ZrVreVH$mMo nmoVwJrO Am{U bJoMM S>M ^mfoV ^mfmVa Ho$bo. gH$V_Yrb Aem AZoH$ {df`mda Y_gmaH$mZr Ho$bo`m ^mfmVamMr
`mXr Iyn _moR>r Amho.
1783 gmbr ga {d`Z Omog (Willian Jones) H$bH$`m_Yrb `m`mb`mV `m`mYre hymZ {Z`wV Pmbo. 1784 gmbr
`mZr Eo{e`m{Q>H$ gmogm`Q>rMr WmnZm Ho$br. W_ emHw$VbMo (1789) Am{m ZVa _Zw_VrMo (1794) ^mfmVa H$Z ^maVr`
gH$Vr Am{U gH$V`m A`mgm`m EH$m Z`m A`m`mbm `mZr gwdmV Ho$br. Mmbg {dpH g (Charles wilkins,1749-1836)
AboPmS>a h{_Q>Z (Alexander Hamitton, 1762-1824) Am{U Hw$b~wH$ (Colebrook) `m `m`m ghH$m`mZrhr gH$VMm A`mg
H$Z gH$V_Yrb _hdm`m JWmMo ^mfmVa Mmby Ho$bo. hm gJim B{Vhmg \$ma _moR>m Amho Am{U `mda AZoH$ gemoYZmna JWhr
CnbY AmhoV. {d`_ Omog `mZm n{e`Z, JrH$ Am{U b{Q>Z ^mfmMr MmJbr OmU hmoVr. gH$VMm A`mg H$aV AgVmZm, gH$V
Am{U `m ^mfm_`o {XgUmao {dbjU gm` `mZm {XgyZ Ambo. `mZr WmnZ Ho$bo`m E{e`m{Q>H$ gmogm`Q>r`m dm{fH$ g^o_`o Vo
^mfU XoV. Amn`m 1786 gmbr {Xbo`m ^mfUm_`o `mZr `m ^mfm gmY`mda H$mVrH$maH$ ^m` Ho$bo "So strong indeed, that no philologer could examine them all three, without believing them to have sprung from
some common source, which perhaps, no longer exists; there is a similar reason, though not quite so forcible, for
supposing that both the Gothick and Celtick, though blended with a very different idion, had the same origin with the
Sanscrit : and the old persian might be added to the same family...."

"^mamo{n`' (Indo europian) ^mfm g_yhmMm {gmV `mVyZM nwT>o {dH$grV Pmbm Am{U `m ^mfm`m Vmb{ZH$ A`mg H$arV
^mf{dkmZmMr doJir emImM `wamon_`o CX`mbm Ambr. {d`_ Omog `m`m AmYr hmbhoS> (Halhed) `m A`mgH$mZr Grammar of
Bengal Language ho nwVH$ 1787 gmbr H$m{eV Ho$bo. `mbmhr JrH$, b{Q>>Z Am{U gH$V_Yrb gmY` ~KwZ AmM` dmQ>bo
Am{U `m nwVH$m`m VmdZoV `mZr {bhZ R>odbo,
every part of speech and every distinction, which is to be found in either Greek or Latin and that in some
particulars it is more copious than either... I do not attempt to ascertain as a fact, either Greek or Latin are derived from
this language, but I give a few reasons where in such a conjecture might be founded : and I am sure that it is a better
claim to the honour of a parent than, Phoenician or Hebrew'.

{\${bnmo ggor (Filippo Sassetti 1540-1588) hm BQ>m{b`Z Y_gmaH$ 1583 _`o H$moMrZ_`o Ambm. VoWrb Mmbr[aVr, Y_
g_OwVr Am{U gH$V ^mfoMm Vmo A`mg H$ bmJbm. gH$V Am{U BQ>m{b`Z ^mfo_Yrb AZoH$ eXm_Yrb gmY` nmhZ Vmo hr
MH$mdyZ Jobm. "^mamonr`' ^mfm`m {gmVm AmYr ho gmY` _mS>Umam hm n{hbmM `wamonr` A`mgH$ hUm`bm hdm.
`m gJ`mMmM n[anmH$ hUyZ `wamon_`o gH$V`m A`mgmMr gwdmV {dmnrR>m_ YyZ Pmbr. 1814 gmbr \$mg, 1816 gmbr

O_Zr, ZVa bJoMM BbS>, 1835 gmbr {\$ZbS> VgoM hmbS >, S>o _mH$, a{e`m `m Xoem`m {dmnrR>m_ YyZ gH$V`m A`mgmMr
gwdmV Pmbr. Jo`m XmoZ eVH$m_`o VoWZy Vmb{ZH$ ^mfm{dkmZ Am{U gH$V ^mfodaVr _wb^yV gemoYZ Pmbo Amho. AmM`mMr JmoQ>
hUOo ^maV `m_`o IynM _mJo Amho. AmOhr, Hw$R>`mhr ^maVr` m{VH$ ^mfmnj
o m gH$VmMm A`mg H$aUmar {dmnrRmMr XmbZo
OJmV OmV AmhoV. gH$V`m OmJ{VH$ n[afXobm g~Y OJmVyZ gw_mao drg-nMdrg XoemMo {V{ZYrd H$arV 300 Vo 400 {V{ZYr
CnpWV AgVmV.
AmOMm Amnbm gH$VMm of Hw$R>`mhr mVr` ^mfobm Vgy^ahr nwT>o KoD$Z OmD$ eH$V Zmhr. gH$VMo A{V Cgmhr MmaH$,
amOH$maUr Am{U ^mfm dkm{ZH$ ho gdM `m Jm|Yimbm gmaIoM O~m~Xma AmhoV. gH$V_`o AmO ^maVr` gH$Vrmr {ZJS>rV EdT>o
gm{h` CnbY Amho {H$ `mMm A`mg Am{U gemoYZ ho OJ^a MmbyM amhUma Amho.
gH$V`m Zmhr Va Amn`m \$m`mH$[aVm gH$V {eH$Uo {H$Vr Amd`H$ Amho, ho `m {Xder Amn`mbm H$iob Vmo gw{XZ
hUm`Mm !