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The Renaissance and Humanism

Europe, 1100s-1300s

What was the Renaissance?


A time of creativity and change.
Renaissance means rebirth
Rebirth of art, literature, and science
after the Middle Ages.

Before the Renaissance

It was the Middle Ages


Most people lived on manors under feudalism
Most people were serfs
Most people could not read or write

Before the Renaissance


There was no money economy
Art revolved around the church

Causes of the Renaissance


Crusades caused an increase in trade
Money gained importance

Causes of the Renaissance


Bubonic Plague caused a decline in the
population.
Labor became scarce.
Serfs could demand more rights, including the
right to be paid for their labor.
Serfs could also leave the manor in search of
better opportunities.
Many moved to cities in search of a better life.

Causes of the Renaissance


Commercial Revolution created a money
economy

Causes of the Renaissance


Merchants became wealthy and had extra
money to spend
Much of the extra money was spent on art

Where did it begin?


The Renaissance began in Italy.

Why did it begin in Italy?


Italian city-states were centers of trade
Merchants in these cities were wealthy
They had extra money to spend on the arts

New Ways of Thinking


During the Middle Ages, art and literature
focused on religious themes and life after
death.

New Ways of Thinking


During the
Renaissance, thinkers
began to focus on life
in the present.
Renaissance thinkers
developed a new way
of thinking called
Humanism.

Humanism
What word do you see in humanism?
HUMAN!
This should help you remember what it means.

Humanism:
a new way of thinking that humans could achieve
things on their own without God.
The idea that humans are powerful and that their
achievements should be celebrated.

This often comes up in the multiple choice


section of the regents exam!

Artistic Achievements
Art was supported by
wealthy merchants
Artists rejected medieval
art and returned to Greek
and Roman styles
(*rebirth*)
Art reflected humanist
concerns
Realistic
Painted every day
people and events

Famous Artists
Michelangelo: painted
the Sistine Chapel

Leonardo da Vinci:
Mona Lisa, sketches of
anatomy

Literary Achievements
During the Middle Ages, books were written in
Latin and few could read them.
During the Renaissance, books were written in
everyday language (English, Spanish, French)
so more people could read.
This reflected humanism
Everyday language=vernacular

Famous Writers
Shakespeare: Wrote about
the joys and sorrows of
human life.

Machiavelli:
Wrote about the best
way for leaders to rule
Believed it was better to
be feared than loved
Believed the ends
justify the means

Summary of the Renaissance

Period in Europe after the Middle Ages


A *rebirth* of learning, art, and science
Rise of humanism
Many famous artists and writers reflected
humanism in their work

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