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Exerccio 1
0.9
0.7
0.69
a) PA (1) = PA PA (0) =
=
0.1
0.3
0.31
0.6 0.9
0.6 0.9
0.72 0.63
2
=
b) PA = PA PA =
0.4 0.1
0.4 0.1
0.28 0.37
0.72 0.63
0.72 0.63
0.694 0.686
'
PA4 = PA2 PA2 =
0.28 0.37
0.28 0.37
0.305 0.313
0.694 0.686
0.694 0.686
0.692 0.692
'
PA8 = PA4 PA4 =
0.305 0.313
0.305 0.313
0.308 0.308
0.6
0.4
0.7 1.69
2
0.71.3
2
0.6
2
(0.7)
2
2
(0.7)2 41(0.3)
21
= 0.3 = 1
Para = 1 temos:
0.6 1
0.9
u1
0
0.4 0.9
u1
(PA 1I)~u = ~0
=
=
0.4
0.1 1
u2
0
0.4 0.9
u2
0
0.4u1 + 0.9u2 = 0
0
0.4u
0.4u
u
1 0.9u2 = 0
1 = 0.9u2
1 = 2.25u2
0.4(2.25u2 ) + 0.9u2 = 0
0.9u2 + 0.9u2 = 0
0 = 0,
u2 <
u1 = 2.25u2
~u = (2.25u2 , u2 ) ~u = u2 (2.25, 1), u2 < span{(2.25, 1)}
0.4
0.1 + 0.3
v2
0
0.9 0.9
v1
0
0.9v1 + 0.9v2 = 0
0.9v1 = 0.9v2
=
0.4 0.4
v2
0
0.4v1 + 0.4v2 = 0
v1 = v2
v1 = v2
0.4(v2 ) + 0.4v2 = 0
0.4v2 + 0.4v2 = 0
0 = 0,
v2 <
~v = (v2 , v2 ) ~v = v2 (1, 1), v2 < span{(1, 1)}
= BDB 1 , onde :
1 2.25
1
1
0
1
T
1
1
1
1
1
=
B = |B| B = (11)(12.25)
2.25 1
0.3077 0.692
0.3077 0.3077
Logo, PA e diagonaliz
avel PA
B = matriz diagonalizadora =
0.3
D = matriz diagonal =
0
1
3.25
1
1
2.25
1
'
Ent
ao
n
2.25
0.3 0
= BD B
=
1
0
1
1 2.25
0 0
0.3077 0.692
'
1
1
0 1
0.3077 0.3077
0.692
0.692
0.692 0.692
'
0.3077 0.3077
0.308 0.308
PAn
1
1
0.3077 0.692
=
0.3077 0.3077
0 2.25
0.3077 0.692
'
0 1
0.3077 0.3077
d) O estado estacion
ario e atingido quando a soma das coordenadas do vetor
pr
oprio de = 1 e 1:
Para = 1 temos:
~u = (2.25u2 , u2 ) ~u = u2 (2.25, 1), u2 < span{(2.25, 1)}
1
2.25u2 + u2 = 1 3.25u2 = 1 u2 = 3.25
u2 ' 0.3077
2.25
0.692
0.692
0.3077
=
'
1
0.3077
0.308
Exerccio 2
a) PB (0) = PB PA (0) =
0.9
0.1
0.1
0.9
0.7
0.66
=
0.3
0.34
b)
i) GB (0) = GB PB (0) =
1
2
23
1
2
33
50
17
50
23
31
= 300
0.9 0.1
0.6
0.1 0.9
0.4
0.9
0.1
0.7
0.3
=