Anesthesia Marie Reuter ‘Bgl Il HonorsiStendard Mr. Piste Februsty 27, 2014Reuter 2 Malori Reuter Me. Pintle Engish III Honors B ent (Sassary 28, 2014 Qa Anesthesia aestesa wa etl cis pa vi nerd by te anki of \ or te fc of gsr gel pees. Ann opin mgs | patent ceenieneeee e eeD) responsbities make certain thatthe paten-keeps all vial fictions TR paper wi emake a historical sty of anesthesia and how it evolved over tine, inching Sducaton requements and \ recent tends fora contemporary career as an anesthesiologist. ~N Sockty uses a mediine cal ancsbesis ding ibid sursary or a provedize © >, \\ shoe po dot eof ames ts win ala cig tt dt te // process, The type of anesthesia adminered depenls on maliple fctors which nce ones / pay dais medical history, any known allergies to medicines, test results, a person's physical health condition { 0 - and the type of procedure performed (Anesthesia Article). Anesthesia depends on many factors Sa S463 Se ene ae eee anesthesia, however anesthesiologist delver region anesthesia to thousands of pregnant women re ee cxdowone pcre rein tena rc, he pb ek om pl role of regional anesthesia after the procedure stays minimal Rather than coin the detton toReuter 3 hack of awareness, mare sable desrpson woul toe te artes to make a pail ox roxio procedure fokrable o to make a paeot unaware ofthe discomfrt that accompa the procedure (Orehoughy2}. Not all anssthesia processes ince the same procedures, anesthe, or sie ees Fou categoris of anesthesia exit wih several difrent ypes of each. The Sur categories const focal nessa, sedation, general antes and regional anes, Local anesthesia foeues on a specie pat of te body, usually admisered in the fxm of a shot and sed fr sinple procedures sich as sowing up a est orrming kin growth, Sedation oeirs in Gattis pings dows ofsedaive medion A yay lg de of sion allows the patent to renin awake, or ina drowsy state. The patiat confines to breatfon ter vm as el of eon Wah dps pre mes geass schon pom he ost ye hrs ty Te cou as st ih vention Adjustments of sedation avoid greater depths than requited and the patient generaly rend 10 pss son or ud vel simi (rtougy 3, oct anes and sedation dra see or dngous med pros o supe. Ger acs 8 mt ya soy. a poe psoas fom fog ay pin ug suey, TH pe of ashes wit wi ep you fom remembering the operation. A typical method for giving general anesthesia entails injection through 8 vein or [V, or use of a mask through which gas flows. Lastly, a tube inserted down the throat tes onl pats beating, Hat it an open fox. Renovo he bo oy ce before the patient awake, Regional anesthesi nubs @ hnger area than local anesthesia, but kss than general anesthesia, ItRouter 4 kes ect qty adobe Hock ot pi he Ue oer process "ree major pet of regal esi cont of spinal acs, cpl aes, nd prc: Bk ‘Wien perf spi ats mel etn oh spine Daks pin he ve pasion fou boy nl pevens movemeat Epa amstesa ned tte pb Boks te ens that carry pain ‘sigals, however, still allows musck movement. Anesthesiologist; inject the ide perpen bck ea aspen or gop of. Dots ale se peripheral nerve blacks for procedures on the hands, arms, fect, legs, or face (Anesthesia). Many pes oF west frees Some mow seus and dangerous han ots. ‘The job ofan anesthesiologist ensures that everything proceeds as planned and the patient does not experience ny agony of despa te operon 2 vesting ob ths thm, a mabe plates © we sel enueme eee experiences no pain and remmins uninjured, Difirent kinds of snesthesin_roquie fot siti 4 ee eee sn weet. Tee nest nab or mca pre he pt fom bg any pain, Throughout the medical procedure, anesthesiologist take carefil watch ofthe patents tet steed io ten eam anki mgt 1 mais hss Aneshsblogit pay special atenion to the pains breathing, blood press, and body 7 asi ae femperature during the operation (Ferguson 132)” Doctors complete all of these setivies to ‘conf that the patient will remain safe thoughout the plan of action Anesthesiologitposton the patient property so that the doctor can perform the surgery andthe pateut remains uninjured. In an energeney station, an anesthesiologist rena as partReuter 5 ofthe hearting resuscitation team. Before and afer surgery anesthesiologis'spend time with he Patens. An anesthesiologist exphins the kind of anesthesia used and answers all questions the patiot may have before surgery (Ferguson, 132), Patients tend to comey emptio of measiness when dover tht hy ioe gp wastes. Rc bao patiots chart, ask additional question and carry out a bref physical examation, AS a patent regut consciousness jhe anesthesiologist reposted ore them ad es the know tat srg fhe and ensures them ofthe safety. Patients are then moved othe PACU (Post-Ansthsia Cate Uni) andthe nas uke repo lowing te mesthesbogt to order mediatons fr pan and ‘nausea, check for hgh or low blood pressure, and address isues such as shivering (Orebougly inven 12), There exists @ ong history leading up to this curent job description and the dues hat today’s anesthesiologist must perform. ‘Georgie plysicion Crawford Long, Comeetcu derists Horace Well and Wala Monon, and Boston chemist Charles Jackson participated i a biter medical bate forthe dicovery of anesthesia. ‘The discovery of anesthetics occurred in the 1840:in the United States,“ Only onc citer dcovery i hisory saved more ies; tat germ caused disease, Going back othe begining mass of ancient han bones proves dt humans sufbred fom disease and pein ever since it appeared on earth two mln years ago. Ancient wring ede reference ain Icing substances. Wie, ffom grapes, opimn, fom the poppy pant, consist oftwo of ihe earest known and mst widely sed substances. Grecks belived th he root of mtake ps coud puta person a seep, The Greek plpsicin Dinscories used mance pons ch he cine “produced anesthes" about two thousand year ag, This became the fist known we ofthe ‘word anesthesia, which in terms of Greek language meant “without felng” This refers to aReuter 6 substance’s abity to prevent pain, Doctors in India and China used marjuana and hashish both oo ‘made fom hemp phnis, North American Indians use jinsonvced plant Indians in South America wed plants to mike cuare, a drug that paralyzes a person when it enters the bloodstream, None of tet anc ante wore wed adh)" Rech an skin coined searing be host fe ad tas nests ‘The Middle Ages (A.D. 400-1500) proved especially dark in the feld of medicine. Science sess to ot backwards many was wig any eh ea he dak gs People concocted strange remedis to fight ness during this time in history. Seimtstyand ‘ReChomits contd the seach or anesthe cetng strange concoctions oo (Frid, One of the most popubr mods during te Middle Ages inches using the soporife sponge. Historians deserbed the ingeizats the sponge contained as opium, mubery juice, ete sad, smash, iy un a uch ofeach. The sponge Bevan: a popu er vai by nas as ‘when needed, one would reuse the sponge by dipping ito water and squeezing the sponge’ cons ito the nish or rose, Some beloved the sponge tbo ec (Semiath).Eiher ‘way the se of anesthetics proceeded to increase and new ad beter methods revealed ovr tine | 1275 Raymond Las, a Spanish plysicia, expermenid and produced a substaes he cad vir er named eter. In the 1490s, Pancekus, a Swiss physbian, comtned where Tats tad ft off nearly thee hundred years ear, Paracekus, a prominent ge ofthe Renaisance, may have made the greatest decovery wih sweet vii, but he dl not, Pertas he feared society would condemn him to death fr using te drug. Following hs death in 1541, tunity waited anotber te Inmdred end one years for the fst success operation under anesthesia Frain).Rewer Eventaly, many doctors and scientists tested mlipedittrent methods of anesthesia sojng to perce the most eset aod hams techniques and procedies, Coctine needed replcement because & caused mor sle efels and people became extremely ated to the ended ery diva Ge th woul mine coea’s anette propets._ In 1904, sci Emest Foun developed the very fst able subst anssthetis product, know as stove. I caused sig iss ination to the patos, bu researchers conned to ok fr beter methods and aesthtcs. Jn 1905, Austin biochemist Dr, Aled Einhom inroduced the sbstance Proctine Hytochbite. By syntbesng and combining fo rots that te body produces manually Minmed or resid ti pot The el dg wit ny previ sen ie efits Eto hr ge he substance x adam name, Novesin, With the modus of Novocting, surgeons and dents mamaged to conte pless procedures wiou the concem of harness ad dangerous side eflets, Nowoeube proved to ext as the fst noo-addkive and noone anestee tat performed well and nda good otcome (Loved) (On October 16, 1846 the fist operation undertaken an nested patient tad ocered ani-compias at Masiachnets General Hospél i Boston, Dentist Wifi Thomas Geen Morton conplcid the filbwing procedures The sweceoting day, nt comet with he apparatus he bad used, Moron conmissoniin improved vrson. Later abandoned ths to, nvr of simple sponge. One would pace the sponge dety on the nose or mouth an the pat wl inhale as fly and ely as possible. Anesthesia not only made historic progress nthe Unied States hut moved aba as wel. (nly a mpm afer ab we in Boson, anestsia ocame now and sed in ri at London's Univesiy Cobege Hosp In Jamary 1847, James Young Sexpsoa, prossor of 7 has shi, lightingReuter 8 obstetrics at Edinburgh, known fr the fst to introduce is use for women in chidbinh, Simpson son begin casting around fr an akemative and decided 0 ay chirofirm (istory of mrad Ansstesi, Chibi dint ey peti el ponever my boked strates "Sh jm <—-Sinson polish his Sst panplet on ase, Soom alr the fst cbse hl bith ee ee ince oe como el tno ued on tang Eines ee skp ms sn On pape ewe a a ae ee ‘that is popularty grew regardiess (History of Anesthesia). The drug remnined in use until well eee ae ban’ etn fans vr bean en, None pp ‘as “laughing gas” because of the excitement i inchiics, finally became adopted as an anesthetic agent, due to ts use ffom traveling salesmen (History of Anesthesia). In surgery performances Spe used, chloroform and nitrous oxide, attempted to eliminate the pain & women had to go through utr caning uy oun nein eee a ‘education when they want to succeed inthe rok as an anesthesiologist.Router 9 ee ee ne eee ceo Ene aee e e e wept deg, lh wy or fahren, Ader nei te indole dep most op 24 nell oa wien coy at ee rr to pin cx bey en tt mate daly te bata el ope ‘eeebeguis iter ean, 00. dese weno, Te blowingstep- wou on tng a inerip, A inerstip nay bent i by ae ee ee een ee Rey cbiby ts esr re ni. ssn be ap §5 umbilicipiaay, wilh reguited rotons m sungery, tmemil medicine, and acute care, Bhe emergency medivine and critical care medicine (Orebough, 6). On top of all thet education, studying and research, optional felowship for subspeciaky training exiseas one of the steps to Pursuing 2 job as an anesthesiologist. \\O'N The educational component is dicated by the Resifency Review Committos of the Y) Acrtmine Coed of nde Model Eni and nie cen ans ft nt ( \\ case experience) in various subspeciakies of anesthesiology, such as obstetrics, cardiac and 7 \> { ¢ ‘thoracic surgery, and regional anesthesia, along with related areas in which anesthesiologists \ Stel ve epee, ssh a he posta ae un (PACU, oor oom, act pa) then, chon pain manager, and ca ne mei” (redo 6). In een yas these subspeciakies consist of crieal care medicine, chronic pain management, and cardiacReuter 10 anesthesia. Air successfil comptin of wan a anestiesiolgy, requirement ide people Ye undergo writen examination. Along wi the wien examination, one must ake and pas an rl examination. Once fomaly completing te education pathway to become an anesthesiologist, a peson rst choose between working inthe prhale sector or remmining in academis medicine, In academic medisbe,firthomore © prcting anestsiobgy, the anesthesiologist would perm seseaeh, push medial ars, and lelp teach maxdizalstalens and resents (Orebough). By compleing al otis one woul atin he job postion ofan anestiesiolgs Acconting to Dr, Moote an anesinsilogit, one mst complet school wih mostly A’s and an oocasnal BL A itil component of wint an ancsesbht docs sei of vruthemates. Doctor Moore completed his undergraduate degree in pharmacy, which inchaod a Ingéal extension of his fvsrests, When asked how the careers change over dc past" yeas, Docior Moore answered wih the realation of more technology coming ito place song ‘wih more regulon fom the goverament and fom hospitals, and more paperwork. A tgs vole of hich ntunens it ve emote oe hs he et ke Speci skis requted to peviomn ths occupation elude having ftoligence and one exiting overall briht person, thinking on your Set, and an anestesibbgist must remain calm in all siuatons (Moore). Employment in the medial ll of aestesobgy wil gow at an average rate. Many mada students choose to enter ts fed atracted by tchnolgal advancemens, repubriy of ‘work, ad er hows. Most people lave no wouble ining work immediately afer comping a residency. There exists numerous practice opportunites in every sition, including priateRewer 1) prac, mitry, county hosp and especialy in acer iitons. The retson fr tase oppornctes tis in thecch-of increased demand for anesthsologits to attend patents in tadional hospital and anbubory sstings, a8 well as dung muy dass procedes epson. A 2 oR wv While neical advances alow fr diftent teatrent options, an anstesilogst wil fd sore work ose of he atin oop seine. Respntony tay cis opened wr actions! emphyment opportunites for anesthesinogsts (Fuguson, 132). Someone should not tave an sue fining work alr accomplishing al ofthese sop. ‘The carer oP anestexblogt contes to change and progress over tine, One sould thus on setoo and acadeis,spcialy mah and cence, wie tying to pute the career as snaneshesobgit. Aretha bs bad log and infers history sine bof the mie ages an yw de presetWorks Cited "Anesthesiologt Salary." MIMINCorg. Rope. Wb, 27 Feb, 2014, Al story of Anesthesia." Life Sciences (2006) 1. Science Reference Center. Web. 6 Jan. (33d424-2580-40d6-Becb-e48334 2014. \ Semin Steven "The History of Pain Reta Anestesin "History Magee Sey 2012: 49-53. Science Reference Centr. Web. 4 Jn. 204, J veronaLovedy. Novocss siroducd.* Encylopedia of Science the Tventetk Century. Wot. 1. Res Great Neck, 2006.2, Science Reference Center Web, 5 Ian 2014 =hap/veh sbscohnst conden 2asid-b6446851-d6- 485 I-bE4- S800 25 0sesinngr 9Ai1228hdateKE 1AGHUEXBPWheLGN 131A WQN3 Val _GRPXMANDULODYdANpdGLe3/LWspanL%Sdlb-seh&AN-21205587> Gipson Bureau of Labor Stats, US. Bureau of Labor Stasis ngWeb.27 Feb.2014, 6. 0!