Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Table of Contents
Background/2
The Affordable Care Act
and Homeless Youth
Possible Barriers
to Enrollment
Methods/3
Limitations
Findings/4
Recommendations/6
Auburn Youth Resources Staff
Auburn Community
Conclusion/9
References/10
Appendix I/11
Appendix II/12
Upcoming Enrollment Events/13
Organizations Helping with Enrollment/14
Executive Summary
Homeless youth have many unique health concerns
and would benefit greatly from having a stable source
of health coverage and care. With the passage of
the Affordable Care Act (ACA), most young adults
experiencing homelessness will be eligible for free
or low-cost health care coverage. Auburn Youth
Resources (AYR) engaged the University of Washington
Community-Oriented Public Health Practice program to
investigate best practices to assist youth in obtaining this
coverage.
Students conducted a literature review, community
assessments, stakeholder analyses, and interviews with
clients and community partners to understand the
following:
Interaction between health and homelessness
Resources available for the homeless youth
population
Perceptions that homeless youth have regarding
health, health care, and insurance
Background
The number of homeless youth and young adults in
Washington State continues to rise. In King County
alone, it is estimated that 5,000 to 10,000 children
will experience homelessness each year.(1) In Auburn
specifically, young adults seem to have few resources
to dedicate to health care costs. Over 800 young adults
could not see a doctor more than once in the past year
due to cost, and the mean income of homeless youth
and young adults at the time of reporting was $196 per
month.(2)
This is especially problematic as homeless youth face
numerous intersecting and overlapping issues when
it comes to their health. They experience the chronic
stress of securing food and shelter almost daily, and
are exposed to conditions that put them at higher risk
for developing mental and physical illnesses. In general,
they report high rates of verbal, emotional, physical,
and sexual abuse prior to becoming homeless. Their
home-life history and daily stressors interact, leading
to higher risks of a variety of illnesses, such as sexually
transmitted infections, diabetes, and hepatitis, as well as
mental illnesses, substance abuse issues, and violence
and injuries.(3,4,5,6) Losing their connection with
their parents, guardians, or caregivers reduces available
resources that they can rely on when they do have health
issues.
It follows that homeless youth face many barriers
to receiving the health care necessary to prevent
and control health conditions.They might not have
insurance and may lack knowledge about programs they
are eligible for or illnesses that they may be facing. There
are also structural factors, such as lack of transportation,
mailing address, identification, or needing parental
consent to make an appointment, which affect their
ability to obtain care.(3, 7) They may also resist seeing
Methods
To provide targeted, place-based recommendations
for Auburn Youth Resources, we utilized a variety of
research methodologies. Students conducted windshield
surveys of Auburn, identified potential stakeholders,
and conducted interviews to assess the unique
barriers to ACA enrollment. We visited Auburn on
multiple occasions and at various times to conduct the
observations. These surveys were employed to gauge the
accessibility and distribution of social, economic, and
cultural resources. While we were primarily concerned
with the location of health services in the area, quality
of housing and transportation were also of interest.
Additionally, these experiences served to familiarize us
with the culture and character of Auburn.
Information gathered from these surveys helped us
identify potential community stakeholders in AYRs
enrollment efforts. Stakeholders with the highest level
of interest in this endeavor included: community health
Limitations
at the library and the drop-in center were under the age
of 17. Thus, we had to base our understanding of young
adult perceptions and opinions on the few responses
we were able to receive, and because of this, we lack
a thorough understanding of the health issues young
adults are concerned about and value.
Additionally, there is a lack of information available
regarding health coverage in the AYR-specific
community. To the best of our knowledge, there is no
current data on the numbers of youth experiencing
homelessness in Auburn and South King County,
and how many of these youth may still have medical
coverage under their parents or guardians.
Findings
In our interviews, observations, and conversations with
stakeholders, we were able to identify three common
themes surrounding health coverage and the Affordable
Care Act:
1 Community members are not well informed about
Recommendations
Our recommendations for action items address the
needs we assessed among AYR staff, youth experiencing
homelessness, and community partners.
Community
Specific Strategies
Create or utilize a listserv of organizations that
serve overlapping populations to share information
about what is being done to enroll youth in ACA
coverage. Email listservs are a low-cost, effective
means to disseminate information about young adult
enrollment in ACA coverage. AYR could utilize an
existing electronic chain of communication to inform
community members about events and supports, or
develop one for this purpose.
Coordinate a community roundtable to discuss
what various stakeholders are doing, locate
resources to share, and identify gaps. Bringing
together all of the community stakeholders would be the
most effective way to identify resources, opportunities
for collaboration, and gaps that are currently present.
It would also be possible to have AYR request another
community stakeholder (perhaps a faith group) to
coordinate this effort, due to the low capacity for event
planning of this type within the organization.
Conclusion
In the coming months, Auburn Youth Resources
has the potential to help many of their clients obtain
health insurance to meet their unique needs. Yet, the
current lack of knowledge regarding health insurance
enrollment means that staff, community members, and
youth alike are ill-equipped to achieve this goal. Before
beginning the enrollment process, staff must address
misconceptions young adults have regarding health and
health care. By discussing changes to coverage under the
Affordable Care Act, AYR staff have the opportunity
to encourage youth to help youth get health coverage
in a supportive and trusting environment. Fortunately,
many community resources are already in place that can
be leveraged to support AYR in their enrollment efforts.
With coverage starting January 1, the time to start these
vital efforts is now.
References
1. United Way of King County 2012 Community Assessment Unaccompanied Homeless Youth and Young Adults. 2012 p. 13.
2. Way EF. King County City Health Profile Auburn. 2012
3. Edidin JP, Ganim Z, Hunter SJ, Karnik NS. The mental and physical health of homeless youth: a literature review. Child
Psychiatry Hum. Dev. [Internet]. 2012 Jun [cited 2013 Nov 17];43(3):35475. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
pubmed/22120422
4. Hwang SW. Homelessness and health. Can. Med. Assoc. J. [Internet]. 2001 Jan 23 [cited 2013 Nov 17];164(2):22933.
Available from: http://www.cmaj.ca/content/164/2/229.short
5. Greene JM, Ennett ST, Ringwalt CL. Prevalence and correlates of survival sex among runaway and homeless youth. Am.
J. Public Health [Internet]. 1999 Sep [cited 2013 Nov 17];89(9):14069. Available from: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/
articlerender.fcgi?artid=1508758&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract
6. Greene JM, Ennett ST, Ringwalt CL. Substance use among runaway and homeless youth in three national samples. Am. J.
Public Health [Internet]. 1997 Feb [cited 2013 Nov 17];87(2):22935. Available from: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/
articlerender.fcgi?artid=1380799&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract
7. Ensign J, Gittelsohn J. Health and access to care: perspectives of homeless youth in Baltimore City, U.S.A. Soc. Sci. Med.
[Internet]. 1998 Dec [cited 2013 Nov 17];47(12):208799. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10075249
8. Auburn Youth Resources Our Services [Internet]. Available from: http://www.ayr4kids.org/
9. The Affordable Care Acts Role in Preventing and Ending Homelessness | Fact Sheets [Internet]. Available from: http://
usich.gov/index.php/usich_resources/fact_sheets/ACA/
10. Health Insurance for Young Adults, Health Insurance Marketplace | HealthCare.gov [Internet]. Available from: https://
www.healthcare.gov/young-adults/
11. Making-Coverage-More-Affordable.pdf [Internet]. Available from: http://familiesusa2.org/assets/pdfs/health-reform/
Making-Coverage-More-Affordable.pdf
12. Medicaid Coverage and Care for the Homeless Population: Key Lessons to Consider for the 2014 Medicaid Expansion Report - 8355.pdf [Internet]. Available from: http://kaiserfamilyfoundation.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/8355.pdf
13. Jensen, T. (Personal communication, November 17, 2013)
14. National Runaway Safeline. National Runaway Safelines 2013 Reporters Source Book on Runaway and Homeless Youth.
2013.
15. Kaiser Family Foundation. Medicaid and the Uninsured [Internet]. 2012. Available from: http://kaiserfamilyfoundation.files.
wordpress.com/2013/01/8355.pdf
16. Yakima Neighborhood Health Services [Internet] Available from http://www.ynhs.org/
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Appendix I
Questions for Case Managers
How many case managers at AYR are certified IPAs?
What is the role of a case manager in enrolling youth in the ACA?
Where are youth currently accessing healthcare?
What are successful methods of engaging homeless youth?
Do the youth have access to technology?
Have you enrolled anyone under the age of 18? If so, what is this process like?
Do you have any concerns when signing youth up for exchange plans vs. Medicaid?
Questions for Youth
Have you heard of the ACA?
What do you know about the ACA?
Do you know anyone who is enrolled in the ACA?
Do you currently have health care?
What are your own health goals?
What services do you use and where are they located?
Would you be comfortable being a peer to peer enroller?
What have your experiences been in enrolling in the ACA?
Have you enrolled in health insurance prior to the ACA?
What would be your best way to enroll? In person, over the phone etc.
Questions for Stakeholders
Are you providing any public services for ACA enrollment?
If yes, when and where? If no, are you considering or would you be interested in providing services next year?
What is your approach to homeless people? Do you have any strategies or resources in place? What have been
your success and barriers in addressing homeless people?
11
Appendix II
Educational Resources
Organization
Contact Information
Videos
Health Care Reform in King
County: An Overview
http://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=YdlTcacTuZw
http://kff.org/health-reform/
video/youtoons-obamacare-video/
http://washingtonhealthplanfinder.
org/education-center/
http://kff.org/medicaid/report/
medicaid-coverage-and-care-for-thehomeless/
http://usich.gov/resources/
uploads/asset_library/Medicaid_
Enrollment_Guide_for_Engaging_
People_Experiencing_Homelessness.
pdf
http://www.wahbexchange.org/
files/1813/8023/1006/Washington_
Healthplanfinder_Overview_Fact_
Sheet_Sept_2013.pdf
http://www.wahbexchange.org/
files/5713/8023/0996/Washington_
Healthplanfinder_Individuals_and_
Families_Fact_Sheet_Sept_2013.pdf
Reports
Medicaid Coverage and Care for
the Homeless Population
12
Time
Location
November 19
4 pm - 7 pm
November 19
4 pm - 7 pm
HealthPoint Kent
November 23
10 am - 2 pm
HealthPoint Auburn
November 25
4 pm - 7 pm
November 27
5 pm - 8 pm
December 7
1 pm - 5 pm
Kent Library
December 10
10 am - 2 pm
December 12
1 pm - 5 pm
Enumclaw Library
December 14
Noon - 5 pm
Muckleshoot Library
December 14
1 pm - 5 pm
Kent Library
December 18
5 pm - 8 pm
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