Sketching & Dimensioning

Pictorial Drawings

Shows an object like you would see in a

photograph
Give a three dimensional view of a room or
structure
Three common types

Isometric
Oblique
Perspective

Pictorial Sketch of Kitchen

Isometric Drawings

The most common pictorials

Constructed with the two faces 30 degrees
above the horizontal
The axes are 120 degrees between each axis
Lines that are horizontal are drawn at 30
degrees
Vertical lines remain vertical

Isometric of a Cube

Isometric Dimensioning

Dimension lines are parallel to the isometric

axes
Extension lines are extended in line with
these axes

Isometric Dimensioning

Oblique Drawings

The front view is draw like it would be using

orthographic projection
The front view shows all features with true
shape and size
The top and side view are then projected
back from the front view
Views can be at any angle
15, 30 or 45 degrees are common

Oblique Drawings Cont.

Useful when the front contains more details

and features than the side view
A mental image can be created more quickly
than with orthographic alone
Two types of oblique drawings

cavalier
cabinet

Oblique Drawing

Cavalier Oblique

The entire drawing uses the same scale

Sometimes creates a distorted appearance

Cavalier Oblique Drawing

Cabinet Oblique

Measurements on the receding axes are

reduced by half
More visually realistic representation
Often used for drawing cabinets

Cabinet Oblique Drawing

Perspective Drawings

The most realistic of all pictorial drawings

Receding lines in the drawing meet at a
vanishing point instead of being parallel
Eliminates distortion at the back part of
pictorial drawings
Two types

parallel (one-point) perspective

angular (two point) perspective

Perspective Drawing

Parallel Perspective (One Point)

One face of the object is shown as the front

view
Lines parallel to the front view remain parallel
Lines that are perpendicular to the front view
converge at a SINGLE VANISHING POINT

Angular Perspective (Two-Point)

Similar to isometric drawings

One edge of the object is place in front
The two faces that meet at this edge recede
to DIFFERENT VANISHING POINTS
All lines parallel to each face go to the
different vanishing points

Angular Perspective Drawing

Horizon Below Object

Exploded Pictorial Drawings

Used to show relative position of parts or

construction details
Used to clarify assembly sequence
Common in appliance and cabinetry service
manuals

Exploded Pictorial Drawing

Dimensioning Standards

Standards are different in different career

areas.
Civil, Electrical, Construction and other
areas follow similar practices, but
sometimes with less need for precision in
measurements.
Dimensioned drawings are a part of a
contractual document.

Dimension Lines

Various means to terminating ends

arrow head
dot
tick

Normally, dimensions are shown ABOVE

dimension line
If dimension is needed for construction, it
should be on drawing
Do not included unnecessary dimensions

Types of Dimension Lines

Dimensioning Floor Plans

Frame Construction

dimensions usually start at the exterior surface

of the stud wall
interior walls usually dimensioned to the center
of partitions

Window and Door Openings

Frame Construction

Located by their center lines

Window and Door Openings

Masonry Construction

Openings are dimensioned to the edges of the

masonry surface openings