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) (Amadi, 2013 .
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(World Bank, 2014). ) Aker,
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)GIROA, 2008).
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. ) (CIA, Afghanistan , 2014 .
. (CIA, Field Listing: Urbanization,
) 2013 .
).(Davis, 2009

) World Bank,
).2014

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. (Rivera, 2001).
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Oakley & Garforth , 1997).
)Davis, 2009).

development
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)) . Oakley & Garforth , 1997
).(MANGE, 2013a

ADFJ.5102.Vol. 0, Issue 5

) (International Potash Institute, 2010 ) (Imoloame & Olanrewaju, 2014

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)).AL-Sharafat, Altarawneh, & Altahat , 2012

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& (Imoloame
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. . ) (Sharma, Osmanzai , & Ward, 2011
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:
general agriculture extension
commodity specific extension
Training and visit system
Participatory extension

Extension though academic channels
Public extension
private extension system
farmer to farmer extension

)(Khan, 2005
).(GIROA, 2008
) (Christoplos, 2004
(AL-Sharafat,
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ADFJ.5102.Vol. 0, Issue 5

demand driven extension

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Kugbei, S., Panjsheri, M., & Bishaw, Z. (5100). Focus on Seed Programs: The Afghanistan Seed Industry. ICARDA.
Aker, J. (5100, Sept). Dial "A" for agriculture: A review of ICT for agricultural extension in developing countries. Washington, DC: Center for Global Development.
AL-Sharafat, A., Altarawneh, M., & Altahat , E. (5105). Effectiveness of Agricultural Extension Activities. American Journal
of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 7(5), 094-511.
Amadi, M. (5103, Aug 58). Agricutlure: A sources for economic development and livelihood self sufficiency in afghaistan .
Retrieved Nov 52, 5104, from BBC Persian News: http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/
afghanistan/5103/18/031857_k12_ag_projects_challenge_opportunity
Anderson, J. (5117). Agriculture Advisory Services: Background paper for the world development report of 5118. Washington, DC: World Bank.
Anonymous. (5101). Agricultural Extension Approaches Implemented in Ghana. Ghana: Directorate of Agricultural Extension Services.
Christoplos, I. (5114). Agricultural Rehabilitation in Afghanistan: Linking relief, development and support to rural livelihoods.
ODI.
CIA. (5103). Field Listing: Urbanization. Retrieved Nov 54, 5104, from The World Factbook: https://www.cia.gov/library/
publications/the-world-factbook/fields/5505.html

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CIA. (5104). Afghanistan . Retrieved Nov 53, 5104, from The World Factbook: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/theworld-factbook/geos/af.html
Davis, K. E. (5119). Agriculture and climate change: an agenda for negotiation in Cophenhangen (The important role of
extension systems). Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute.
Egziabher, K., & et all. (5103). The Economic Impact of a New Rural Extension Approach in Northern Ethiopia. Bioeconomics Working Paper Series, Working Paper 5103/5, 0-33.
GIROA. (5118). Afghanistan National Development Strategy (ANDS) - 5118-5103. Kabul, Afghanistan.
Imoloame, E., & Olanrewaju, A. (5104). Improving agricultural extension services in Moro Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, 6 (3), 018-004.
International Potash Institute. (5101). The role and function of agriculture extension. Optimizing Crop Nutrition: Discussions, No. 52, 0-9.
Khan, A. (5112). Agriculture Extension Manual (Vol. Vol 4). Kabul.
MAIL. (5100). National Horticulture and Livestock Project (NHLP). Retrieved Nov 52, 5104, from Agriculture Knowledge
Bank of MAIL: http://mail.gov.af/en/page/3523/3524
MANAGE. (5103b). Introduction to Agricultural Extension Management. Hyderabad, India: National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management.
MANGE. (5103a). Participatory Approaches in Agricultural Extension. Hyderabad, India: National Institute of Agricultural
Extension Management.
Oakley, P., & Garforth , C. (0997). Guide to extension training. Rome: FAO.
Rivera, W. (5110). Agricultural and Rural Extension Worldwide: Options for Instituational Reform in the Developing Countries. Rome: FAO.
Sharma, R., Osmanzai , M., & Ward, R. (5100). Wheat Research: A Crucial Prerequisite to Food Security in Afghanistan.
Afghanistan Research Newsletter, No 58, 5-2.
Shinwari, G. (5105, Sept. 10). Project for agriculture research and development started . Retrieved Nov 52, 5104, from
BBC Pashto news: http://www.bbc.co.uk/pashto/mobile/afghanistan/5105/19/051910_ss-usaid-project.shtml
World Bank. (5104). Agriculture in Afghanistan :Growing the economy, jobs and food security (presentation). Retrieved
Nov 53, 5104, from Afghanistan Reconstruction Trust Fund (ARTF): http://www.artf.af/images/uploads/
ASR_PPT_for_ARTF_Strategy_Group_Meeting_May_51,_5104.pdf

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