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Lungs
excretes carbon dioxide and water vapor
Skin
excretes water, salts, nitrogen wastes
Kidneys
filters and excretes nitrogenous wastes,
salts, water, and other substances through
urinary tracts
Lungs
- Excretes carbon dioxide and water vapor
- Detoxification: removes harmful substances
so that they are not poisonous
Skin
- Excretes water, salts, small amounts of
nitrogen wastes, and other substances in
sweat
- Helps the kidneys control the salt
composition of the blood; the salt and waste
is excreted through perspiration
- Water and salt must be replenished to
maintain normal body functions
Kidneys
- Breakdown of proteins leads to accumulation
of nitrogen wastes
- Excretion of water is necessary to dissolve
wastes
- Kidneys closely regulate the chemical
composition of blood
Structure of Kidney
Structure of a nephron
1. Nephrons - functional
units of the kidney
a. Bowmans capsule: cupshaped capsule that
surrounds a tight ball of
capillaries that retain
cells and large
molecules
b. Glomerulus - fine
Renal Tubule
Processes of the Renal Tubule:
- Filtration
- Reabsorption and Secretion
- Formation of urine
Process of Filtration
- High pressure forces water, urea, glucose,
vitamins and salts through glomerulus
- Travels to Bowmans Capsule
- About one-fifth of the fluid part of blood filters
into Bowmans Capsule
- The rest remains in the capillaries
Reabsorption
- Body needs to retain many of the
substances that were removed from the
blood by filtration
- Reabsorption: Filtrate flows through the
renal tubule, these materials return to the
blood by being selectively transported
through walls of the renal tube and into the
surrounding capillaries
Secretion
- Secretion- when filtrate reaches the distal
convoluted tubule, some substances pass
from blood into the filtrate
- include waste and toxic materials
Elimination of Urine
- urine from collecting ducts flow through renal
pelvis and into a narrow tube called a ureter
- ureter leads from each kidney to bladder
- this squeezes the urine out through the
urethra
- 500 mL a day