The

Renaissance
and
Reformation

The Italian Renaissance

rebirth
Italian Renaissance rebirth of
ancient Greek & Roman worlds
Characteristics
Renaissance

Secular Urban society (City-states)

Age of Recovery
New view of human ability & worth

Origins of the Renaissance

European

trade with Asia increased

during the 1300s.
2. Italian merchants organized much of
this trade.
3. Trade cities in Italy grew wealthy.
4. They competed to create works that
would increase the prestige of their
Genoa
cities.
Milan

Venice

Origins of the Renaissance

(cont)

5.

Florence became a center for

banking, art, culture, and literature.
6. Cosimo de Medici wanted to make
Florence the most beautiful city.
7. The Renaissance began in Italy and
spread throughout Europe.

Important City-States of
the Renaissance
Florenc

Genoa Towers,

Faade and
bell tower,
Santa Maria
del Fiore,
Florence

e
Rome
Venice
Genoa
Milan

Palazzo
Contarini
del Bovolo,
Venice

Comune
gi
Milano,
Milan

Italian City States Not yet the nation of ITALY

Each Italian
city-state had
its own wealthy
ruler.

Italian Trade Routes Notice the impact on Italy

Florence
Center

of art,
literature, and
culture.
Florence became
wealthy from the
manufacturing of
wool.
Later Florence
became the banking
center of Italy.
The Medici family
were the greatest
bankers in Florence.

Florence
The

Renaissance
started in Florence
and spread
throughout
Europe.
Competition
between the
Italian city-states
led to advances in
literature,
architecture, art,
music, science,

Medici Family
Florence, 13th 17th Centuries
Aimed to make Florence the most
beautiful city in the world Became
Patrons of the Arts. Commissioned
artist (incl. da Vinci, Raphael &
Michelangelo)
Lorenzo (The Magnificent)
created peace among Italian
states, ended w/his death,
2 years later FR invades
Ruled

Rome
Home

of the Catholic
Church
Popes commissioned
famous artists and
architects to beautify
Rome. Michelangelo,
Raphael, and
Botticelli all
produced major
works in Rome.

Niccolo Machiavelli
IT

philosopher, diplomat, poet,

musician, playwright..
Best known for The Prince realist politics
Rulers should behave like a lion
(aggressive and powerful) and at other
times like a fox (cunning and practical)
The Ends Justify the Means
It was better to be feared than to be
loved
All this done to keep peace and stabilize
power

Renaissance Society
Strict

Class society

Nobility most powerful, but smallest

group
Strict

rules and expectations

Born not made or earned

Townspeople
Wide

range of wealth, from rich to poor

Provide goods & services

Peasants weakest, but largest group

More

freedoms as serfdom decreased

Mainly lived in rural areas, so were least
impacted by Renaissance

The Intellectual and Artistic

Renaissance

Italian Renaissance
Humanism
Stressed

that man was the center of the

universe and had dignity and value
Humanism intellectual movement based
on the classics
Study grammar, rhetoric (debate),
poetry, philosophy & history (the
Humanities)
Ren Educations based on humanism
Goal create complete citizens
Vernacular Literature written in common
lang
Dante, Chaucer, Pizan

Petrarch: Father of
Humanism

Petrarch

was a scholar and

poet who was responsible
for the recovery of
manuscripts and works of
Greek and Roman writers.
He traveled throughout
Europe recovering
manuscripts of Cicero and
other Roman authors that
had been lost in monastery
libraries.
Petrarch, like other writers

Francesco
Petrarch

Dante Alighieri
Father

of the Italian
Language
Wrote The Divine Comedy.
The Divine Comedy is
considered one of the
greatest works of Italian
and world literature.
Dante was first to write in
the vernacular, the
language used in everyday
life. Until his time, all
European literature was

Dante
Alighieri

Insert scanned table

The Artistic
Renaissance in Italy
Rome

became the center of Renaissance art in

the 1500s.
Pope Alexander VI: most notorious of the
Renaissances popes; spent huge sums on
art patronage.
3 Masters of the High Renaissance
Leonardo da Vinci
Michelangelo
Raphael
Sculpture & Architecture are include in
Renaissance Art, both drew from Greek &

New Artistic
Techniques
Fresco

watercolor on
fresh plaster
Law of
Perspective
Study of human
anatomy
GOAL imitate
nature
From Michelangelos Sketch

Leonardo da
Vinci
Master

of realism
& perspective
Studied human
anatomy
(cadavers) to be
as accurate as
possible
Sculptor, painter,
astronomer,
inventor a true
Renaissance
Man

Raphael Santi
1

of the top Renaissance painters

Especially known for his Madonna's
paintings of Mary the mother of Jesus
A major artist in the Vatican

Madonna
of the
Meadow
s
Madonna del
Granduca

Raphael Santi
School of
Athens fresco in
the
Apostolic
Palace in
the
Vatican.
Thought
to be
Raphaels
masterpie
ce.

Michelangelo Buonarroti
Painter,

sculptor and architect

Most famous for work in Vatican City
Vatican City
St. Peters Bascillica
(large domed building)
designed by
Michelangelo
(St. Peters Square
designed by Bernini)

Michelangelo, the sculptor

The Pieta
marble
statue of a
crucified
Jesus being
held by his
mother Mary.
In St. Peters
Basilica.

Northern Italian Renaissance

Centered

in Low Countries Belg, Lux,

Neth
Due to weather- few frescoes
Stained glass, wooden panels, canvas
Jan

van Eyck Flemish, perfected use

of oil paints
Oils allow greater variety of color
& detail
Portrait of a Man in
a Turban
, probably a selfportrait, painted
1433

Albrecht Durer
German
1

of greatest
Northern Renaissance
artists
Revolutionized
woodcuts
Studied in Italy on
several different
occasions

Architecture

Architectural design
returns to the classical
styles of Rome and
Greece.
Public buildings, homes
and villas are designed
using Greek and Roman
architectural styles.
Renaissance buildings
feature columns, domes,
and vaulted ceilings.
Brunelleschi designs the
first domed building.
Perspective becomes
important in architecture.

The Printing Press

Johannes Gutenberg was a

German goldsmith and
printer.
Gutenberg was the first to
develop movable type.
This allowed for mass
production of books.
Gutenbergs invention
revolutionized bookmaking in Europe.
Gutenberg was the key
figure in spreading the
Renaissance.
His invention of movable
type is still considered the

IMPACT
Much

easier to
publish books
Increased literacy
1450-1500, 20
million books
printed covering
35,000 topics
Vernacular
Literature written
in common
language
Dante, Chaucer,

Writers of the Renaissance

With

the printing press. books become

more affordable and more people
(mostly wealthy) learn to read
Dante, Petrarch and Machiavelli were all
important writers of the time
But there were more

Miguel de Cervantes
Cervantes

was a Spanish novelist,

poet, painter, and playwright.
He was born in La Mancha, Spain.
Cervantes wrote the novel Don Quixote, the
most influential work of literature to come
out of the Spanish Golden Age.
Cervantes was a man of adventure. It was
said that he left Castile because of a duel.
Cervantes got the idea for Don Quixote
while serving one of two prison terms for
irregularities in his bookkeeping as a tax
collector and purchasing agent.

New Words Abound

Alligator
Critical
Equivocal
Eyeball
Eyesore
Gloomy

Laughingstock
Worthless
Lonely
Zany
Luggage
Manager
Puke
Torture

But where did they come

from?

William Shakespeare
Shakespeare

All the worlds a stage,

and all the men and
women merely players
there, they have their
exits and their
entrances, and one man
in his time plays many
parts.
William Shakespeare

is considered
the greatest writer and
dramatist of all time.
Shakespeare wrote Romeo
and Juliet, Merchant of
Venice, Julius Caesar, A
Midsummers Night Dream,
Henry IV, Henry V, Much Ado
About Nothing, Twelfth Night,
Hamlet and more.
Shakespeare wrote 38 plays,
154 sonnets, two narrative
poems, and other poems.

Contributions of the
Renaissance
Invention of the Gutenberg Press
The

banking industry
Exploration, colonization of world
Expansion of trade
Humanism, individual is the center of the
universe
Reintroduction of Greek and Roman
knowledge and philosophy
Gateway to modern art forms
Expansion of Greek and Roman architecture
and sculpture
Increased scientific knowledge, and desire
to know more