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Vocabulary
Proposed by
Congress with a
2/3 vote in both
houses
Constitutional Convention
Ratified by the
legislatures of
of the states
Important Dates
New
Amendme
nt
1607162017541776-
Federalist
Favored the ratification of the Constitution
Anti-Federalist
Opposed ratifying the Constitution UNLESS a Bill of
Rights was added
George Mason, Patrick Henry, Thomas Jefferson
Constitutional Principle
F
Federalism
L
Limited
Government
I
Individual Rights
P
Popular
Sovereignty
R
Republicanism
C
S
Checks and
Balances
Separation of
Powers
Definition
Distribution of power between the state and federal government
Power is limited to that allowed by the Constitution (everyone must obey the
law)
Unalienable rights and those specifically protected by the Bill of Rights
The power to run the government comes from the people
Elected representatives make and enforce laws; citizens elect members of
Congress directly and the President indirectly (via the electoral college)
Each branch can limit the power of the other two. Ex: the President can veto
laws from Congress
Power is divided into three branches-the legislative (makes the laws), executive
(enforces the laws), and the judicial branch (interprets the laws)
Sixth
Seventh
Eighth
Ninth
Tenth
Definition
Guarantees the freedom of religion, speech, press, assemble peacefully, and to petition
the government
People are guaranteed the right to keep and bear arms.
States that the government cannot force people to house soldiers in their homes during
times of peace.
States that people, their homes or belongings are protected from unreasonable searches or
seizures. Warrants may not be issued except upon probable cause (good reason).
Guarantees person accused of a serious crime the right to Due Process of Law. Persons cannot
be forced to testify against themselves. If a person is found guilty of a crime, he/she cannot be
put on trial for the same crime again (Double Jeopardy). The government cannot take private
property for public use without giving compensation to the owner (Eminent Domain).
Guarantee a fair and speedy public trial. This trial must be in the state and district where the
crime took place. The accused has the right to be told of what they are accused of. They have the
right to a lawyer. If one cannot be afforded, one will be appointed. They have a right to see and
to question those people who accuse them of the crime.
Guarantees a trial by jury in civil cases. These are non-criminal cases.
Guarantees that excessive bail (money paid to be released to insure appearance in court) or
excessive fines will not be imposed and that punishment will not be cruel and unusual.
States that the people have other rights that are not stated in the Constitution.
States that the people and the states have all the rights not given to the US
government or forbidden to state governments by the Constitution. Ex: The existence of