Muscular System

by Austin Marshall, Rosalie Urban, Ronan

Shaffer, and Bronte Hoefer

Cardiac Muscle
Involuntary
Coordinating contractions of cells propel blood through the heart/body
Not controlled by themselves; controlled by sinoatrial node (pacemaker
tissue)
Striated
Found in structures of the heart

Beating Cardiac Cell Cluster

Smooth (Visceral) Muscle

Controlled directly by autonomic
nervous system; are involuntary
Used to move things throughout
organs in the body like waste or food
Myofibrils of cells not arranged into
sarcomeres (basic unit of muscle)
Found within the walls of blood
vessels, lymphatic vessels, urinary
bladder, the uterus, male/female
reproductive tracts, gastrointestinal
tract, respiratory tract, iris, etc.

Skeletal Muscle
voluntary
attach to bone joints to give motion and
structure
attached by tendons
contract and relax to
give motion

Structure of Skeletal Muscle

Skeletal Muscle
Fascicle(bundle of muscle fibers)
Muscle fibers(cells)
Myofibrils
Myosin and Actin filaments

The Three Types of Muscles

Cardiac Muscle

Smooth Muscle

Skeletal Muscle

Damage and Repair

Damage happens when muscles contract as
they elongate.
Commonly damaged muscles
o
o

cross two joints (hamstring, calf, quadriceps)

hip adductor muscles

For full repair, muscle fibers must be aligned

in same direction and scar tissue must be
integrated.

Interaction with Other Systems

Other systems need the muscular system in
order to function
Digestive system uses smooth muscles -stomach, intestines, esophagus
Circulatory system needs the heart to beat
for blood to circulate

Muscle Contractions
Myosin and Actin in the thick and thin filaments cause the
muscle to contract.
The Sliding Filament Model of Muscle Contraction
o Thin filaments slide over thick filaments.

Control of Contractions
Controlled by the central nervous system
o

Sends impulses from nerve cells to motor neurons,

then to muscle fibers

Neuromuscular Junction
o

The point where the motor neurons meet the muscle

cells.

Muscle Interaction with Bones

Skeletal muscles control the skeleton and
moves the bones around
o They are connected to bones by tendons
The tendons pull the bones making them work
like levers with joints as their fulcrum.

Muscles work with opposing pairs

o

one contracts and the other is relaxed

Works Cited

http://www.innerbody.com/image/musfov.html#full-description
http://bodyinbalance.com/856/muscular-injury-pain-muscle-healing/
http://www.hss.edu/conditions_muscle-injuries-overview.asp
http://healthyliving.azcentral.com/muscles-body-functions-3574.html

THANK YOU!