INTERACTION THEORY

NEW PARADIGM FOR SOLVING

THE TRAVELING SALESMAN
PROBLEM (TSP)

Anang Z.Gani
Department of Industrial Engineering
Institut Teknologi Bandung
Bandung, Indonesia 2012
ganiaz@gmail.com
ganiaz@mail.ti.itb.ac.id

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INTRODUCTION
OBJECTIVE
BACKGROUND
INTERACTION THEORY
COMPUTATIONAL
EXPERIENCES AND
EXAMPLE
CONCLUSION

(Keywords: Graph; P vs NP; Combinatorial Optimization;

Traveling Salesman Problem; Complexity Theory;
Interaction Theory; Linear Programming; Integer
Programming ; Network).
2

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INTRODUCTIO
N
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The area of Applications :

Robot control
Road Trips
Mapping Genomes
Customized Computer Chip
Constructing Universal DNA Linkers
Aiming Telescopes, X-rays and lasers
Guiding Industrial Machines
Organizing Data
X-ray crytallography
Tests for Microprocessors Scheduling Jobs
Planning hiking path in a nature park
Gathering geophysical seismic data
Vehicle routing
Crystallography
Drilling of printed circuit boards
Chronological sequencing
4

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The problem of TSP is to find the shortest

possible route to visit N cities exactly once and
returns to the origin city.
The TSP very simple and easily stated but it is
very difficult to solve.
The TSP - combinatorial problem
the alternative routes exponentially increases
by the number of cities.
1/2 (N-1)!
4 cities = 3 possible routes
4 times to 16 cities = to 653,837,184,000.
10 times to 40 cities =1,009 x1046
IF 100,000 CITIES...... (possible routes?)

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4
123-4

1233-1

1324-1

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SOAL 33 KOTA

ALTERNATIVE RUTE 32!/2 =

.565.418.466.846.756.083.609.606.080.000.00
KOMPUTER PALING TOP $ 133.000.000
ROADRUNNER CLUSTER DARI UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY DIMANA 129.6600
CORE MACHINE TOPPED THE 2009 RANKING
OF THE 500 WORLDS FASTES SUPER
COMPUTERS, DELIVERING UP TO 1.547
TRILION ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS PER
SECOND.

DIPERLUKAN WAKTUN 28 TRILIUN TAHUN

SEDANGKAN UMUR UNIVERS HANYA 14

INI MEMANG GILA

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150 CITIES

150 cities = 5.7134x10 262

Alternative routes

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150 CITIES

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OBJECTIVE

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7 (tujuh)
problem
matematik
a pada
millenium
ini

1. The Birch and SwinnertonDyer Conjecture

2. The Poincare Conjecture
3. Navier-Stokes Equations
4. P versus NP Problem
5. Riemann Hypothesis
6. The Hodge Conjecture
7. Yang-Mills Theory and The
Mass Gap Hypothesis.

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. "The P versus NP
Problem" is considered
one of the seven greatest
unsolved mathematical
problems

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One important statement about the NPcomplete problem (Papadimitriou & Steiglitz) :
a. No NP-complete problem can be solved by
any known polynomial algorithm (and this
is the resistance despite efforts by many
brilliant researchers for many decades).
b. If there is a polynomial algorithm for any
NP-complete problem, then there are
polynomial algorithms for all NP-complete
problems.

THIS IS CHALLENGE TO PROVE

P= NP MUST BE PURSUED!

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BACKGROUND

17

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MENGER (1920)
LINEAR
PROGREMING
1. EXACT SOLUTIONS
LP, IP, BB , C.P, DP,
ELIPSOIND &
PROJECTIVE
SCALING.
2. HEURISTIC
. CONSTRUCTIVE
. IMPROEV METHOD
. METAHEURISTICS
. BIOPLOGICAL
BEHAVIOR
3. COMPUTER
TECHNOLOGY

1. STEPHEN COOK (1971)

COMPUTATIONAL
COMPLEXITY THEORY
NP COMPLETENESS
2. RICHAR M. KARP (1972)
TSP = NP
COMPLETE PROBLEM

P VS NP
P = NP OR P NP
NEW PARADIGM
INTERACTION THEORY (P = NP)

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The class of problem :

(P problem) solved in polynomial time
(NP Problem). that cannot be solved in
polynomial time
P vs NP
impossible to solve the NP-complete problem
in polynomial time, (P NP).
OR
NP problem can be solved in P time (P = NP).
until now no-one has been able to prove
whether P NP or P = NP.
If the TSP can be solved using an algorithm in
polynomial time, this will prove that NP
problem can be solved in polynomial time (P =
NP).

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TSP dealing with the resources :

1. Time (how many iteration it takes to
solve a problem)
2. space (how much memory it takes to
solve a problem).
THE MAIN PROBLEM :
1. THE NUMBER OF STEPS (TIME) INCREASES
EXPONENTIALLY ALONG WITH THE INCREASE
IN THE SIZE OF THE PROBLEM.
2. HUGE AMOUNT COMPUTER RESOURCES ARE
REQUIRED

NEW PARADIGM
(BREAKTHROUGH)
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PARADIGM
OLD

NEW

1. LP & DERIVATIVES
2. HEURISTIC
(PROBABILISTIC)
3. PROCEDURE IS
COMPLICATED
4. NEEDS RESOURCES OF
TIME AND MEMORY
UNLIMITED
5. CHECKING ALL
ELEMENTS

1. INTERACTION THEORY
2. DETERMINISTIC
3. PROCEDURE IS SO
SIMPLE
4. RESOURCES NEED IS
LIMITED

6. P = NP VS P NP ?
7. KNOWLEDGE IS HIGH
8. LONG OPERATING
TIME

5. CHECKING LIMITED
ELEMENTS (PRIORITY)
6. P=NP
7. SIMPLE ARITHMATIC
8. SHORT OPERATING
TIME (EFFICIENT AND
EFFECTIVE)

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SUMMARIZES THE MILESTONES OF SOLVING

TRAVELING SALESMAN PROBLEM.
Year

Research Team

Size of Instance

1954

G. Dantzig, R. Fulkerson, and S.

Johnson

49 cities

1971

M. Held and R.M. Karp

64 cities

1975

P.M. Camerini, L. Fratta, and F.

Maffioli

67 cities

1977

M. Grtschel

120 cities

1980

H. Crowder and M.W. Padberg

318 cities

1987

M. Padberg and G. Rinaldi

1987

M. Grtschel and O. Holland

1987

M. Padberg and G. Rinaldi

2,392 cities

1994

D. Applegate, R. Bixby, V.
Chvtal, and W. Cook

7,397 cities

1998

D. Applegate, R. Bixby, V.
Chvtal, and W. Cook

13,509 cities
(4 Years)

532 cities
(109,5 secon)
666 cities

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SUMMARIZES THE MILESTONES OF SOLVING

TRAVELING SALESMAN PROBLEM.
Year

Research Team

Size of Instance

2001

D. Applegate, R. Bixby, V. Chvtal,

and W. Cook

15,112 cities
(ca. 22 Years)

2004

D. Applegate, R. Bixby, V. Chvtal,

W. Cook and K. Helsgaun

24,978 cities

2006

D. Applegate, R. Bixby, V. Chvtal,

and W. Cook

85,900 cities

2009

D. Applegate, R. Bixby, V. Chvtal,

and W. Cook

1,904,711 cities

2009

Yuichi Nagata

100.000
Mona Lisa

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TECHNIQUE
TECHNIQUE AND
AND METHOD
METHOD
FOR
FOR SOLVING
SOLVING TSP
TSP
HEURISTIC

NEURAL
NEURALNETWORK
NETWORK
GENETIC
GENETICALGORITHM
ALGORITHM
SIMULATED
SIMULATEDANNEALING
ANNEALING
ARTIFICIAL
INTELLEGENT
ARTIFICIAL INTELLEGENT
EXPERT
EXPERTSYSTEM
SYSTEM
FRACTAL
FRACTAL
TABU
TABUSEARCH
SEARCH
NEAREST
NEARESTNEIGBOR
NEIGBOR
THRESHOLD
THRESHOLDALGORITHM
ALGORITHM
ANT
ANTCOLONY
COLONYOPTIMIZATION
OPTIMIZATION

EXACT SOLUTION
LINEAR
LINEARPROGRAMMING
PROGRAMMING
INTEGER
INTEGERPROGRAMMING
PROGRAMMING
CUTTING
CUTTINGPLANE
PLANE
DYNAMIC
DYNAMICPROGRAMMING
PROGRAMMING
THE
MINIMUM
THE MINIMUMSPANNING
SPANNING
TREE
TREE
LAGRANGE
LAGRANGERELAXATION
RELAXATION
ELLIPSOID
ELLIPSOIDALGORITHM
ALGORITHM
PROJECTIVE
PROJECTIVESCALING
SCALING
ALGORITHM
ALGORITHM
BRANCH
BRANCHAND
ANDBOUND
BOUND
ASAINMENT
ASAINMENT
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OBJECTIVE FUNCTION
n

z x(i, j)d(i, j)
i1 j 1

d(i,j) = (direct) distance

between city i and city j.

25

Constraints

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n

x(i, j) 1 , i 1,2,...,n
j 1
n

x(i, j) 1 , j 1,2,...,n
i 1

Each city must be exited exactly once

Each city must be entered exactly once

Subtour elimination constraint

x(i, j) S 1, S {1, 2,...,n}

i , jS

S = subset of cities
|S| = cardinality of S (# of elements in S)
There are 2n such sets !!!!!!!

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NUMBER OF LINIER
INEQUALITIES AS CONSTRAINS
IN TSP

If
If n=15
n=15 the
the number
number of
of
countraints
countraints is
is 1.993.711.339.620
1.993.711.339.620
If
If n=50
n=50 the
the number
number of
of
60
countraints
10
countraints 1060
If
If n=120
n=120 the
the number
number of
of
179
countraints
2
x
10
countraints 2 x 10179 or
or to
to be
be
exact
exact ::

26792549076063489375554618994821987399
26792549076063489375554618994821987399
57886903776870780484651943295772470308
57886903776870780484651943295772470308
62734015632117088075939986913459296483
62734015632117088075939986913459296483
64341894253344564803682882554188736242
64341894253344564803682882554188736242
799920969079258554704177287
799920969079258554704177287

Grotschel

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FORMULASI MODEL PERSOALAN
DENGAN METODA ZERO - ONE
>>
>> Min
Min 1000X111+
1000X111+ 93X121+
93X121+ 82X131+
82X131+ 44X141+
44X141+ 68X151+
68X151+ 93X211+
93X211+
1000X221+
150X231+
137X241+
62X251+
82X311+
150X321+
1000X221+ 150X231+ 137X241+ 62X251+ 82X311+ 150X321+
1000X331+
1000X331+38X341+
38X341+99X351+
99X351+44X411+
44X411+137X421+
137X421+38X431+
38X431+1000X441+
1000X441+
88X451+
88X451+ 68X511+
68X511+ 62X521+
62X521+ 99X531+
99X531+ 88X541+1000X551+
88X541+1000X551+ 1000X112+
1000X112+
93X122+
82X132+
44X142+
68X152+
93X212+
1000X222+
93X122+ 82X132+ 44X142+ 68X152+ 93X212+ 1000X222+ 150X232+
150X232+
137X242+
62X252+
82X312+
150X322+
1000X332+
38X342+
137X242+ 62X252+ 82X312+ 150X322+ 1000X332+ 38X342+ 99X352+
99X352+
44X412+
137X422+
38X432+
1000X442+
88X452+
68X512+
62X522+
44X412+ 137X422+ 38X432+ 1000X442+ 88X452+ 68X512+ 62X522+
99X532+
99X532+ 88X542+
88X542+ 1000X552+
1000X552+ 1000X113+
1000X113+ 93X123+
93X123+ 82X133+
82X133+ 44X143+
44X143+
68X153+
68X153+ 93X213+
93X213+ 1000X223+
1000X223+ 150X233+
150X233+ 137X243+
137X243+ 62X253+
62X253+ 82X313+
82X313+
150X323+
1000X333+
38X343+
99X353+
44X413+
137X423+
38X433+
150X323+ 1000X333+ 38X343+ 99X353+ 44X413+ 137X423+ 38X433+
1000X443+
1000X443+ 88X453+
88X453+ 68X5134
68X5134 62X523+
62X523+ 99X533+
99X533+ 88X543
88X543 ++ 1000X554+
1000X554+
1000X114+
93X124+
82X134+
44X144+
68X154+
93X214+
1000X224+
1000X114+ 93X124+ 82X134+ 44X144+ 68X154+ 93X214+ 1000X224+
150X234+
150X234+137X244+
137X244+62X254+
62X254+82X314+
82X314+150X324+
150X324+1000X334+
1000X334+38X344+
38X344+
99X354+
99X354+ 44X414+
44X414+ 137X424+
137X424+ 38X434+
38X434+ I000X444+
I000X444+ 88X454+
88X454+ 68X514+
68X514+
62X524+
99X534+
88X544+
1000X554+
I000X115+
93X125+
82X135+
62X524+ 99X534+ 88X544+ 1000X554+ I000X115+ 93X125+ 82X135+
44X145+
44X145+ 68X155+
68X155+ 93X215+
93X215+ 1000X225+
1000X225+ 150X235+
150X235+ 137X245+
137X245+ 62X255+
62X255+
82X315+
150X325+
1000X335+38X345+
99X355+
44X415+
137X425+
82X315+ 150X325+ 1000X335+38X345+ 99X355+ 44X415+ 137X425+
38X435+
1000X445+
38X435+
1000X445+
88X455+68X515+62X525+99X535+88X545+1000X555
88X455+68X515+62X525+99X535+88X545+1000X555
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>>Subjed
>>Subjedtoto
>>(1)1X121+1X131+1X141+1X151=1
>>(1)1X121+1X131+1X141+1X151=1
>>(2)1X215+1X315+1X415+1X515=1
>>(2)1X215+1X315+1X415+1X515=1
>>(3)1X232+1X242+1X252+1X322+1X342+1X352+1X422+1X432+1X452+1X522+1X532+1X542=1
>>(3)1X232+1X242+1X252+1X322+1X342+1X352+1X422+1X432+1X452+1X522+1X532+1X542=1
>>(4)1X233+1X243+1X253+1X323+1X343+1X353+1X423+1X433+1X453+1X523+1X533+1X543=1
>>(4)1X233+1X243+1X253+1X323+1X343+1X353+1X423+1X433+1X453+1X523+1X533+1X543=1
>>(5)1X234+1X244+1X254+1X324+1X344+1X354+1X424+1X434+1X454+1X524+1X534+1X544=1
>>(5)1X234+1X244+1X254+1X324+1X344+1X354+1X424+1X434+1X454+1X524+1X534+1X544=1
>>(6)1X251+1X232+1X242+1X223+1X233+1X243+1X224+1X234+1X244+1X215=1
>>(6)1X251+1X232+1X242+1X223+1X233+1X243+1X224+1X234+1X244+1X215=1
>>(7)1X351+1X322+1X342+1X323+1X343+1X324+1X344+1X315=1
>>(7)1X351+1X322+1X342+1X323+1X343+1X324+1X344+1X315=1
>>(8)1X451+1X422+1X432+1X423+1X433-1X424+1X415=1
>>(8)1X451+1X422+1X432+1X423+1X433-1X424+1X415=1
>>(9)1X522+1X532+1X542+1X523+1X533+1X543+1X524+1X534+1X544+1X515=1
>>(9)1X522+1X532+1X542+1X523+1X533+1X543+1X524+1X534+1X544+1X515=1
>>(10)1X121+1X322+1X422+1X522+1X223+1X323+1X423+1X523+1X224+1X324+1X424+1X524=1
>>(10)1X121+1X322+1X422+1X522+1X223+1X323+1X423+1X523+1X224+1X324+1X424+1X524=1
>>(11)1X131+1X232+1X332+1X432+1X532+1X233+1X433+1X533+1X224+1X324+1X424+1X524=
>>(11)1X131+1X232+1X332+1X432+1X532+1X233+1X433+1X533+1X224+1X324+1X424+1X524=11
>>(12)1X141+1X242+1X342+1X542+1X243+1X343+1X543+1X244+1X344+1X544=1
>>(12)1X141+1X242+1X342+1X542+1X243+1X343+1X543+1X244+1X344+1X544=1
>>(13)1X151+1X252+1X352+1X452+1X253+1X353+1X453+1X254+1X354+1X454=1
>>(13)1X151+1X252+1X352+1X452+1X253+1X353+1X453+1X254+1X354+1X454=1
>>(14)1X121-1X232-1X242-1X252+1X322=0
>>(14)1X121-1X232-1X242-1X252+1X322=0
>>(15)1X131-lX322>>(15)1X131-lX322-lX342-1X352=0
lX342-1X352=0
>>(16)1X141-1X422-1X432-1X452=0
>>(16)1X141-1X422-1X432-1X452=0
>>(17)1X151-1X522-1X532-1X542=0
>>(17)1X151-1X522-1X532-1X542=0
>>(18)1X322+1X422+1X522-1X233-1X243-1X253=0
>>(18)1X322+1X422+1X522-1X233-1X243-1X253=0
>>(19)1X232+1X332+1X432+1X532-1X323-1X343-1X353=0
>>(19)1X232+1X332+1X432+1X532-1X323-1X343-1X353=0
>>(20)1X242+1X342+1X542-1X423-1X433-1X453=0
>>(20)1X242+1X342+1X542-1X423-1X433-1X453=0
>>(21)1X252+1X352+1X452-1X523-1X533-1X543=0
>>(21)1X252+1X352+1X452-1X523-1X533-1X543=0
>>(22)1X323+1X423+1X523-1X234-1X244-1X254=0
>>(22)1X323+1X423+1X523-1X234-1X244-1X254=0
>>(23)1X233+1X433+1X533>>(23)1X233+1X433+1X533-lX324lX324-lX344lX344-lX354=0
lX354=0
>>(24)1X243+1X343+1X543+1X424+1X434+1X454=0
>>(24)1X243+1X343+1X543+1X424+1X434+1X454=0
>>(25)1X253+1X353+1X453-1X524-1X534-1X544=0
>>(25)1X253+1X353+1X453-1X524-1X534-1X544=0
>>(26)1X324+1X424+1X524-1X215=0
>>(26)1X324+1X424+1X524-1X215=0
>>(27)1X234+1X434+1X534-1X315=0
>>(27)1X234+1X434+1X534-1X315=0
>>(28)1X244+1X344+1X544-1X415=0
>>(28)1X244+1X344+1X544-1X415=0
>>(29)1X254+1X354+1X454-1X515=0
>>(29)1X254+1X354+1X454-1X515=0
>>(29)1X254+1X354+1X454-1X515=0
>>(29)1X254+1X354+1X454-1X515=0

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INTERACTION THEORY

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INTERACTION THEORY
In 1965 Anang Z. Gani [28] did research on the Facilities Planning
problem as a special project (Georgia Tach in 1965)
Supervision James Apple
Later, J. M. Devis and K. M. Klein further continued the original
work of Anang Z. Gani
Then M. P. Deisenroth PLANET direction of James Apple
(Georgia Tech in1971)
Since 1966, Anang Z. Gani has been continuing his research and
further developed a new concept which is called The Interaction
Theory (INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG)
The model is the From - To chart the which provides quantitative
information of the movement between departments
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The model is the From - To chart the which

provides quantitative information of the
movement between departments (common
mileage chart on the road map).
The absolute value or the number of a
element as an individual of a matrix can not
be used in priority setting
the TSP matrix has two values,
1. the initial absolute value (interaction
value)
2. the relative value (interaction coefficient)
DIM = The Delta Interaction Matrix
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Two parallel lines

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Two parallel lines distorted

(Hering illusion)

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700

10

20

800

15

10

10

30

RELATIVE VALUE
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The formula for the interaction

coefficient ( ci,j ) is:
ci,j = xi,j2/(Xi. .X.j).

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THE FORMULATION AND THE ALGORITHM

Formulation of the TSP with Interaction
Theory is very simple.
The main activity of the exsisting
algoritms of TSP is searching to find
the optimal solution from so many
alternatives.
The selection is related to the priority.

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The algorithm is
divided into two
general phases:

Preparation phase

Processing phase

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1. Preparation phase
consists of main 5
steps:
o Defining distance between cities or the
interaction matrix (IMAT)
o Normalization of IMAT (NIMAT)
o Calculating the interaction coefficient
matrix (ICOM)
o Sorting the interaction coefficient as the
sorted ICOM (SICOM)
o Prioritizing the interaction between
cities using the delta interaction matrix
(DIM)
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1. INTERACTION MATRIX (IMAT)

To
Fro

Total

m
1

x11

x1j

xin

Xi.

xii

x1j

xin

Xi.

xm1

Total

xmn
X.j

Xi..

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2. Normalization of IMAT (NIMAT)

Normalization of IMAT is necessary to
normalize the matrix elements with each
element is added in front of the numbers
with the numbers 1 + zero is taken from
the digits of the largest element

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3. The Interaction coefficient

matrix (ICOM)
The interaction coefficient represents the
relative value of interaction between
elements to other elements
The formula of the
interaction coefficient is:

ci,j = xi,j2/(Xi. .X.j)

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3. The Interaction Coefficient Matrix (ICOM

To
Fro

c11

cij

cin

ci1

cij

cin

cm1

cmj

cmn

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*
*

SICOM
1

4. SORTED ICOM ("SICOM")

c(ij) < c(ij + 1) j

c(i1) = minj cij

=
i

1, .,n-1
= 1, .,m

..

c(1,2)

c(1,5)

c(1,3)

10

11

c(k,10)

c(k,4)

c(k,11)

17

c(m,3)

c(m,17)

c(m,2)

..

..
k
..
m

Note of the element: The top value is the original ICOM column number
The bottom value is the sorted interaction coefficient
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5. DELTA INTERACTION MATRIX ("DIM")

DIM
1

1
2

2
5

..

l
3

..

d(1,2)= c(1,2)c(1,2)=0

d(1,5)= c(1,5)-c(1,2)

d(1,3)= c(1,3)c(1,2)

10

11

d(k,10)= c(k,10)c(k,10)=0

d(k,4)= c(k,4)c(k,10)

d(k,11)= c(k,11)c(k,10)

17

d(m,3)= c(m,3)c(m,3)=0

d(m,17)= c(m,17)c(m,3)

d(m,2)= c(m,2)c(m,3)

..
k
..
m

te of th e elem en t: Th e top valu e is th e orig in al th e D IM colu m n n u m b er

Th e b ottom valu e is th e sorted in crem en tal valu e
45

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2012

2. Processing
phase
Processing phase is searching process is
to choose the shortest path.
The searching process is to choose the
shortest path. The searching is related to
the priority
Guide line to use the DIM for
determining the optimal solution (8
Columns)
46

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COMPUTATIONAL
EXPERIENCES AND
EXAMPLE

47

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2012

EXAMPLE ASYMETRIC TSP

1. THE INTERACTION MATRIX (IMAT) 7X7
1

Total

900

420

876

788

988

876

4848

677

767

410

865

777

698

4194

777

411

658

898

956

633

4333

689

876

764

411

784

560

4084

888

390

768

650

736

390

3822

427

843

879

747

698

856

4450

987

733

677

747

987

289

4420

Total

4445

4153

4275

4088

4647

4530

4013

30151

48

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2012

2. Normalization of IMAT (NIMAT) 7X7

1

Total

11000

10900

10420

10876

10788

10988

10876

75848

10677

11000

10767

10410

10865

10777

10698

75194

10777

10411

11000

10658

10898

10956

10633

75333

10689

10876

10764

11000

10411

10784

10560

75084

10888

10390

10768

10650

11000

10736

10390

74822

10427

10843

10879

10747

10698

11000

10856

75450

10987

10733

10677

10747

10987

10289

11000

75420

Total

75445

75153

75275

75088

75647

75530

75013

527151

109002
= 20.843
76848 x 75445

49

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2012

3. The Interaction
Coefficient Matrix (ICOM)
7X7
1

21.145 20.843 19.016 20.769 20.283 21.075 20.790

20.094 21.411 20.481 19.193 20.753 20.449 20.290

20.435 19.144 21.337 20.081 20.840 21.095 20.007

20.169 20.962 20.499 21.461 19.082 20.506 19.799

21.000 19.197 20.586 20.188 21.377 20.395 19.233

19.099 20.734 20.838 20.386 20.051 21.232 20.823

21.214 20.324 20.079 20.394 21.158 18.584 21.387

50

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4. The Sorted ICOM (SICOM) 7X7

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

3
19.016
4
19.193
2
19.144
5
19.082
2
19.197
1
19.099
6
18.584

5
20.283
1
20.094
7
20.007
7
19.799
7
19.233
5
20.051
3
20.079

4
20.769
7
20.290
4
20.081
1
20.169
4
20.188
4
20.386
2
20.324

7
20.790
6
20.449
1
20.435
3
20.499
6
20.395
2
20.734
4
20.394

2
20.843
3
20.481
5
20.840
6
20.506
3
20.586
7
20.823
5
21.158

6
21.075
5
20.753
6
21.095
2
20.962
1
21.000
3
20.838
1
21.214

1
21.145
2
21.411
3
21.337
4
21.461
5
21.377
6
21.232
7
21.387
51

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2012

5. The Delta Interaction

Matrix (DIM) 7X7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

3
0
4
0
2
0
5
0
2
0
1
0
6
0

5
1.267
1
901
7
863
7
717
7
36
5
952
3
1.495

4
1.753
7
1.097
4
937
1
1.087
4
991
4
1.287
2
1.740

7
1.774
6
1.256
1
1.291
3
1.417
6
1.198
2
1.635
4
1.810

2
1.827
3
1.288
5
1.696
6
1.424
3
1.389
7
1.724
5
2.574

SOLUTION : 1-3-2-4-5-7-6-1 (2758)

6
2.059
5
1.560
6
1.951
2
1.880
1
1.803
3
1.739
1
2.630

1
2.129
2
2.218
3
2.193
4
2.379
5
2.180
6
2.133
7
2.803

52

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2012

Computational experiences
Breakthrough for a TSP algorithm

The process of finding a solution :

Requires only max 20 columns (DIM)
a huge saving in time and storage
space
101 cities instance generate 8 solutions
657 cities instance gives 4 solutions

Monalisa Instance (100.000 cities), 7 solution

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2012

TSP
TSP
INTERACTIO
N
THEORY
GENERA
L

P=N
P

AZG
2012

APPLICATION OF THEORY INTERACTION

Traveling Salesman Problem
(Symmetric and Asymmetric, minimum
and maximum).
Transportation Problem.
Logistic.
Assignment problem.
Network problem
Set Covering Problem.
Minimum Spanning Tree (MST)
Decision Making.
Layout Problem.
Location Problem
Financial Analysis.
Clustering.
Data Mining

AZG
2012 THE

AREA OF APPLICATIONS OF TSP ARE AS

FOLLOWS :

Road Trips
Mapping Genomes
Constructing universal DNA linkers
Aiming Telescopes, X-rays, and Lasers
Guiding Industrial Machines
Organizing Data
X-ray Crytallography
Tests for Microprocessors
Scheduling Jobs
Planning hiking path in a nature park
Gathering geophysical seismic data
Customized Computer Chip

57

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2012

CAPACITY OF INTERACTION THEORY

Transportation
Problems

Graph
Decision
Making

Scheduling

Clustering

TSP
(Symmetric & Asymmetric
Layout
Problems

Routing

Location
Problems

Financial
Analysis

Assignment
Problems
Network Problems

Data Mining

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2012

APLICATION INTERACTION THEORY

Operations Research

Transportasi

Computer Science

Industri

Telekomunikasi

Militer

Ekonomi

Distribusi / Logistik

Kimia

Strategi

Sosial

Fisika

Finansial

Psikologi

Biologi

59

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90
2012
64

80

65
66
63

49

70

71
20

19

60

90

11

36

32

10

62

35

30

51

70

34

47

81
48

88

82
50

31

33

69

50

46
8
45

76

52

18

5
99

61

30

85

16

93

96

101
94

59

98
91

86

68

53

92
37

26
54

58

55
40
21

97

73

87
42

44

24

80

13

95

100

20

25

72
74
22

57

56

39

75

14
38

10

29

12

17

79

28
89

60
84

77

27

83

40

78

15

43

23

41

67

0
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Route for 101 cities ( 8 Optimal solutions)

60

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2012

Route for 657 cities ( 4 Optimal Solutions)

61

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2012

Portrait of Mona Lisa with Solution of a

Traveling
Salesman Problem. Courtesy of Robert Bosch
2012

62

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2012

CONCLUSION

The conclusion is that the

Interaction Theory creates a
new paradigm to the new
efficient and effective algorithm
for solving the TSP easily
(N=NP).
Overall, the Interaction Theory
shows a new concept which has
potential for development in
mathematics, computer science
and Operations Research and
63

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2012

SIMPLICITY IS
POWER
THANK
YOU
64

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