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Nutrition Assessment
• Measures Nutritional Status
• Asks the questions: Is a person
well nourished or not?
Biology 45
Nutrition Assessment
• Optimal Nutrition
• Malnutrition
Undernutrition
• Risk of Deficiency
• Risk of Underweight
Overnutrition
• Risk of Toxicity
• Risk of Overweight
• Chronic diseases
Biology 45
Nutrition Assessment
of Individuals - Tools
• Anthropometric data
Height
Weight
Waist
Circumference
% Body Fat
Biology 45
Nutrition Assessment
of Individuals - Tools
• Physical Examination
AKA Clinical Examination
Nurse or Doctor
What you can see
•Hair, Skin,Eyes, Mouth, Gait, etc.
Biology 45
Nutrition Assessment
of Individuals - Tools
• Laboratory tests
Blood or Urine is tested for:
•The Nutrient
•A Metabolite of the Nutrient
•A Transport Protein of the Nutrient
Biology 45
Nutrition Assessment
of Individuals - Tools
• Historical information
Health History
Socioeconomic History
Drug History
Diet History
Biology 45
Diet History
• 24 Hour Recall
• Usual Intake
• Food Frequency
questionnaire
• Food Record
Biology 45
Deficiency Terminology
• Primary Deficiency
Inadequate intake
• Secondary Deficiency
Adequate intake – other problem
• Subclinical Deficiency
Covert (not visible) symptoms
• Clinical Deficiency
Overt (visible) symptoms
Biology 45
Case Study
• 22 year old female has bleeding
gums from lack of vitamin C. Diet
history reveals almost no fruit and
vegetable intake.
Biology 45
Case Study
77 year old male has been on INH,
a drug to treat TB, for 7 months,
resulting in low erythrocyte
transaminase activity, the only
evidence of an inadequate vitamin
B6 status.
Nutrition Assessment of
Populations
• National nutrition surveys
National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES)
What we Eat in America
National health goals
Healthy People 2010
Biology 45
Biology 45
Dietary Assessment
Tools
• DRIs – see inside covers of text
EAR, RDA, AI, UL, AMDR
• MyPyramid
• Dietary Guidelines for Americans
DRIs
• Set by a committee of scientists
• Updated every 5 years
• Apply to healthy people
Actual value depends on age and gender
• Apply to Americans and Canadians
• Apply to groups, not necessarily
individuals
• Best we have in terms of standards.
• RDAs and AI are more than the minimum
requirement. Are they optimal?
Biology 45
Dietary Guidelines
for Americans
Biology 45
Biology 45
Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
MyPyramid
• Individual recommendations
• A diet that meets the
recommendations has balance and
variety
• Serving sizes are specific, but not
necessarily what’s listed on label
• Better than old pyramid
• Go to: www.mypyramid.gov
Biology 45
Food Labels
• Not covered in this class
• FYI - Read on your own!!
• Not on Midterm Exam 1
Biology 45
Biology 45