TER 1. FANS FORWARD-CURVED BLADE FAN "A types performance ofa forwardcuved ade san isshowa in Fig Te presure res om 100% feelivry ewan no delivery with a characteristic ip stow capecten loepower incense contin soy wih nresing i quan ACKWARD-CURVED BLADE FAN pial peformanceafabackwar-cuvel blade fan shown in ig 7 The peste sks constantly {Bom 0% free dlivey to ary na delivery. There ‘Clip inthe curve The horsepower corve peaks Mit capes Therefore, = motor ect 6 aut te maint power demand at given (2 ES doe no overoad at any pat on the core Roving chi speed ane “Two modifeatons of the bickward-curved blade fon re teal and backward neined Bade fan BX eS Fan Busses TABLE 1—cHaRAcTERIsTICS OF cnmIrUGAL FANS -Thse at lsrated in Fig, Sd and Se Bosh ate onoveronding SPE ‘The srl ble fn i a bigh eficiene fn be ‘cute i aetodynamialy shaped. Wes permit whe airflow thew te wee is normaly wed {or high expat, high presure apoticntions where (owe sainge may teh is higher Bt oe cet ofiene characteriie ofan asl Blade fam unl peaks ove shaply than tov of bet tppen greter cave ir Fogulzed in hs selection amd pplication to patcaar dy "Te bachwrd inlined blade fon must bested lover to on dlivery, therefore, does not ave a cael || Talal ‘6 — Fonwan> Conte Brant Fa PARFORMANCE io 1— Backwa.Gunve BLADE FAS‘HART 7—FRICTION Loss FoR ROUND DUEToa CHAPTER & AM DUCT DESION a TABLE 6, DUCT DIMENSIONS, SECTION AREA, CIRCULAR EQUIVALENT DIAMETER, © “AND DUCT class} Yeont$a vise TABLE 6. DUCT DIMENSIONS, SECTION AREA, CIRCULAR EQUIVALENT DIAMETER,* (ND DUCT ass} Yeont)Analyze Operating Costs. ‘The sie rome eo dact yen acts fan emery A Me yh eval ofthe dct yen il termine the basso dct ese tony be eo fie to te salle dc ie o reduce he sae the eof tri ilow enough ore in a ower Me eee > Figue 113 shows the ie te anal of a propsed dct Sc Note dha inthis example, he dt dg wih the hgh pres proce he lowest present worth. The 0.20" per 100" dct system foal too ad oer over a 2a per The 2.58 et ‘elocay may be to igh ema anus and ct Lh ial Ths Hens woul, Hower ices the ttle ae "=" tcl ato = 4/2 = 4 eral Rae 4 =Equall Friction Method ‘operating eos ofthe system. The 0.15 per 100" system alo has a lower present woth, and the 2,000 fpen veloy can be olersted with an Scout lining. ‘The equal fiction method of sting ducswod the most commen metho forlow and medium prewar systems. The prewute ls per fone of ducts the sme for the ene stem The unt of 0.10" per 100" of duct ithe mos popular, but not necessary the best bi of desi, The modified ual fexion method press a mote esonomical installation. poly quieter sytem, snd an ever sytem to talance Branch dct wally have a consdtay lower presse ns than the pres les ofthe duct sytem connecting tothe branch duct Rather than sing the ranch dace atthe ste ton los poe oot a the tonnectng dct, ietease the presi los in the branch dct so tht the resus nthe Branch dact wil be equal to che presto of the fonnecting duct run. The branch dace ses wil be eeduced to “bur ws the excess presure rather chan wing enya wolume damper forthe purpose, The dict se in the bench should moe be rece te poine IMhere che dict vloity wl exced the maxim recommeded velo, ‘The example in Fgure 114 wes the modi egal ction mech, Using Figure 11.4, the duct design procedure for the 15,000 ef system fora bank woud be as flows ‘+ Exeablsh heen hat each ection of ds sto cay {Determine the maximum allowable main duct vec from Figure 11.5. Not that when oie generation ithe contalng ctor ‘xin main duct veloc 1,500 fp recomended for banks, + String wi che fm athe fan, determine the aes of the duct a that location, ing the mul wea (SE —_- (SF) = cacy Cm area = 15.000chn = 195 500 ee Relative Duct System Fabrication & Installation Comte the Same Size Dfim = cube fern SF. = square fet fp = fet pe mince 1 When the dict area iesablhed, determine the duce dimensions suittheavalohe space: Asie tht 24"is the maximum peste” | Sct hee | TOS. x 14 (Sq inches per SED" = 6 There, selet 60" 24 spy duce. 1+ Figue 11.6 the chart oe ining ce eqivalen eceanguat det eg te ond dct that has che same ton lo ete rectangular Use the chart in Figure 1.6 to determine te equivslent round dt sine forthe 60" 24 duct. The length of adjacent sides fa the Ferzotl Ine (630) ad atthe let vertical column (690). The ‘Suan sod duct funda the intersection ofthe 80 aan —_- Ge Das Syren Evaluation am “Eile, TODD, tem operates OGD per, ene se TOW, alo oa Sacto Si 2 ntert 20-year eto, opal rene hte 020526 “Asan the cto tO. 107I0 Fe fern a1. 1, pers fe of balla, Dat scm sale “TSii fee 12000 fe 4th = 12000 Dac itso { Sse Fae aes iS ae area 200 219 as 6 Sra ss as p= env O86 ca ip = 200001170567 = AS te Ey Ee ‘Wp. 10215 /68860.7 = 6>bly Seo Gere ee j Freee Wack ame ia Ta Ga Ss a Open G 0s Un 13 1,530 1020526 7.960 x 1822526 Present Wont 31s — Figee 11.3Sides, The length ofthe 2” sie tthe topline is marched wih the (9 djscent ste ache ef vera column, The 40-4 equivalent q round dct slated at ce interetion ofthe two lines: (Over 279% tore meta required fo rectangular dct tha for an equivalent, Item los our duct) + Figure 117 ges the rcson of ain eight ound ducts for particular cfm and veloc Locate 15,000 cin athe ale quantity lin at he let vera ine of Figure 11.7 Follow the 15,000 cf line horsontly un ners the 4” dat dare dinooalline. Dra eral ine fom the ner Section pol to thee id ead 065" per 100en the et Novant line The tio las fo eal ction dein fo this sytem ee. Re Ba old" th el, TES UCT SYSTEM PRESSURE GRADIENT uct Layout for Equal Fiction Exe‘Recommended Maximum Duct Velocities for Low Velo Systems (PPM) 15 0.065" per 100" Allo the dct inthe ongist run wil be sd at feta fs of 0,065" per 100. Te 1,600 fpm velocity forthe #1" round duct handling 15,000 cfr: The velocity would be diferent anyother duct soe a equal ction lee. The velocity of any other ‘ual ction les rectangular duc il alays eles The following metho of ng dacs by the equal ton method shoul not Be used because could Tea to excestve duct velit and ‘sling high noise level 115,000 ef was pote with 0.107 per 107 fn the Figure 11.7 ction hart, the eur dct woud be 39" Using Figure 11,6, the valent ‘rectangular duces found wo be 56" x 2. The dct velocity in the 56" 2¢ dct would be 15,000 cf 56" 247144) Sa. lnchevS.F. = 1,607 fp The 1,607 fee dct velocity ie above the 1,500 fn maximum lloable veloc fr tanks + Determine che peste ls inthe longest rn. A review of Figie LL shows tha the duct rn fom Ata G would be the longest All of the dae in this run wl be sad wth 30.065" per 100" ron lone ‘Using the for of Fgue 1.8, the designer now determines thes, type Consoing Factor Duet Fin Conameing Facor Tain Duct ‘Branch Doct Arpiion Min Dace Soop [Rew | Soppy | Retr Tees (ama 1000 a fied Bene Hoel Eades 100 1500 boo 1200 inte Ofer t= Dinar ors ewe aso 2000 | 1500 1600 Theses swears wo | 10 1100 ‘ow ‘Gene Fic igh Cas Resawans High Cas Ser aks 1500 2000 1500 1600 ‘Avene Sas Siete 180 20m 1500 100 Tidal 2500, 5000 10 [200 Figare 11.5,f Chau of ai Ds En ad apt—— eee ene Ege cane Det er Eun Fio Figare 11.60 seis Btor 6 “09.06 060801 02 0304 o80a1 2 FRICTION LOSS IN INCHES OF WATER PER 100 FT Sundar Ai 9934, Myatmepbr ps6 = O45 c= 0.6 ie Ct otion Can farkoung Bae eae Bh been tat Hated reument, Roce t17Te] Ae Dast | Faiog | Duet | Tor PS Fixing | of | ow | Duct | vel | vet | Leh | tom’ | PD. | ob. | Bt Node | wo. | "Now | rang | cfm | Sie_| fpm | Pree | “it | Coet_| et00 | “in” | 2 AB {1 [ =~ 1 dee [i500 [woud [00] [90] —} 06s os 2) 3 [Fae | soo = as | = [cor [a BELT =P ue [nooo [Saas [ss 12 | oa [0 [35 [Tema | z.000[ = [oes oe = [0 La SDS ~ T Daer [0.000 | sre | 00 |_| —— | 0s | S| 5B [Tomi [0.00 — noon | — | o|— [on a Bo [7 | ~ Tuer [4.000 | San | 1000 | 08 =| as os | 5a | te] 4.000 | 32e16 [oon [05] - | 6] - | 00 S62 [Dye | aco [ante [1000 | 05 | — | 08 |= [coe 9 [34 | Btbor [4.000 [2x08 Prom [06 | [a] oa wo [36 4000 | 24a24 [om [06 |= [aaa] | one | me 000 [me — | || - | - [aso [oe beta] = 600 | dus | 1090 | 0 |] | oes] 0s | sa Co on | 9 Ef 3.00 | aot [905 [06 [|= || 15 | ea 3,000 | 2618 | 935 | os | = [oe] — [ome ie [36 3.000 [ onze | 923 [06 | 120 |_ = [oe 1 | sow [re — | |---|] os [ar Bef [sa 3000 | exte | on [06 | [a] =o. 1 [= Poe [3.000 P26 | 903 [06 | | as [on 19 [2 [ Dee [3.000 | 268 [925 06 | | or O02 20-[ 36 | tap | 3.000 [20524 | ots | os [=| tao] oe 2 [ae [Dt [3.000 [20004 [92 [os | - | - | | 0s [a CS |= | Der [2.000 | aiate | sof 05 | | | es | os Be [be P2000 | aanie | a fos [| oe |= oor [36 | tap | 2.000 [3954 | aso [0s |= 120 | | 0 25 [mie | Det | 2.000 [ aonz4 | 0s — | — = [915 | EL [a [sar [ake | 3.000 fons [ons [ae | eo 25 | =| Dar [3.000 [aout 923 os | 0] [06s 003 ETE ope Pom Pate 923 06 oF oor] 2636 | Tow | 3000 | 24 | 923 | 06 | =P 120 | 0 20 [mie [Dat 3.000 | aanne | 923 06 | | - | =] 015 [i Spin Rewie Low = (A8).08 + (BC)GS + (CD). + OO. = OT a e Figae 11.8Sizing Branch Ducts of fang, ef, equivalent ducts, velocity, length of duc, iting oot doct presi dip, rota resre dap and sectional pee hop foreach duct seton ‘The dynamic lowes ficngs are measured bythe numberof velocity heads of pesire kos the iting consumes A velocity head ste Vloty peste ‘hac cortesponds tothe det veloc. Figure 11.9 gives the velocity prune for the velocities berween 30 fp and 9.00pm Figure 11.10 provides he ls colicin of various common dc tng, SMACNA and ASHRAE conducted esearch o determine the peso Tose ofthe fting ‘The velocity pressure fr 1,50 fn velocity i 0.14" wy of water. The umber of veloty press that iting expends in pres ls called (Confers C. Futing 5-27 sn Figure 1.10 a te, diverging, 43°F ese rectangular main and ap. The branch eoeficint se mie ot ‘oct presures that are est by the air owing nt the branch de ‘QhQe is the tio f the beanch ef to the common or net dacs In the duct layout in igure 114 and che Figure 118 dct ing form. the Branch ar B ratios 3,600 cf/15,00 cfm o 0.20. Vie the vey ‘ato ofthe ranch and te cemmon duct, For iting B 893 fp 500 fa, o€062: Reading QHQe of 0.20 the tp of 8.27 and VIVE of 0.62 at the ket vertical column te eoecent i fone tobe O72. The ‘locity presre of 1,500 fm is 0.14, m0 multiplying the velacty pres of 014" hy the coefcenc € of0.72 gives a pres le forthe beh a B £0.10 in, [Note that tee iting can produce a peste ls in the main deta well Finn 5:29 in Faure 110 wa tee, dverpingetangulat ma and ep, wath damper. The sin the main ac found rom iting 53L. A fgher telocieyin che branch ditt comtmn in onde to tlancethe esac dere with thefolloing main dic fee With a branch dct velo of 1800 fm ada main doce velo of 1,150 fm the spliter damper fing prodoces a main duce as of 0.27 xO" = 0.022" sp. there were 50 branch connections om a ain duct, the pes loss de to the spiter per itings would be 300022" = I. ap. The sbotandal 1" rest losin the main duct is almost never akiesed in fa calculations, ven though represent 170657100" the ton los of 1.692 oct of saith dct. Branch dts should not he taken fee a ain det with anper connected the main duc "plier damper" Branch sonneerons shouldbe ofthe 45°F fting 527 with daraer inal ‘he branch det, ‘The presure los fom BG i 0401" we; therefore, the presse ls fen BAH isthe O401" wy. The dot preset Bis O401 we, andthe reat a the enc of oth G and H is 0. The difser pres le of 9.150 and the ep os of 0.072" ae a polnt H, Their sum plas the ee branch loss of 0.10" at B make a otal aes of 572" n BH except forthe 20 of duct. 0401" - 0.372 - 0.79" we. To determine the fiction lo of the B-H duet, we must find cut what os per 100" for 220" lng duc wl bum up the 0.079 wg. 20° x #109 = 0.079" f= 03981100 Using Figute 11.7 with ftion los of 039517100 ane 3,00 fn, we iad 816" round dct, which is equivalent to 24°» 10" dace The 4° 10"Yeon, te Velocities ve. Vly Pressures Figare 11.9564 on heh Sig ee cg Fring Lose Cofcients Fig 11.10 (cont.)Bey iting Lous Conflents Figa 11.10 (cont.)Fo pear yr SMA Bo Fting Lose Coefficients Figwe 11.10 (con)2 tr, Doin, Banga ltd Tp BMACNA E90 Te 00 we oC sn nM dah oe asa ts hea ag a ae Pie ese ccitacsctng S aia oa dip 0 eben ee a rere ee iting Lows Cowfcients ih msi ASA nr Fk Figere 11.10 (cone.) aaing Loss Coeficiente Figure 11.10 (cont.): sng Loss Coeficiente [apts 0 AA lr WE TL10 (oont.)Duct Leakage Acoustic Lining and Fibrous Glass Duct Round Duct irgig (UMC Reps Sa eue TT Sn o | i] 1 304 oas fom a | —-44 ‘ — be Be se os | 2 | valsuw omen 6 (o—Duet Design