www.Padasalai.

Net

chpa tpil Njh;e;njLj;jy; kw;Wk; Nfhbl;l ,lq;fis epug;Gf.

tpdh vz; 1 Kjy; 10 tiu
1. tisay; ,r;nrhy;ypy; Ifhuk; ___ khj;jpiu Fiwe;J xypf;fpwJ.
2. <w;wpy; Ifhuk; Fiwe;J te;j nrhy; __________ MFk;
m) jpz;;iz
M) tisay;
,) Ie;J
3. gy;+jPJ vd;gJ ___ vdg; GzUk;
m) gy;jPJ M) g/wPJ ,) gyjPJ
4. FWf;fq;fs; Ifhuf;FWf;fk;> xsfhuFWf;fk;> ___ Ma;jf;FWf;fk; vd ehy;
tifg;gLk;
5. G+q;Foyp
nghk;ik
nra;jhs;.
,j;njhliur;
nrag;ghl;L
tpidahf
khw;Wk;
NghJ> nghk;ik__________ nra;ag;_________ vd tUk;
6. mofd; ghlk; vOJfpwhd;>,j; njhlhpy; Xh; vOtha; _____________nfhz;L Kbe;jhy;
______________njhlh;
MFk;
7. md;gurd; jpUf;Fwisf; fw;whd; ,j;njhlh; gpwtpidahf khWk; NghJ> md;gurd;
jpUf;Fwis__vdtUk;
8. xU nrhy; jdpj;J epd;W nghUs; jUtJ _____
9. njhopiyf; Fwpf;Fk; nrhy; ____
10. tpidKw;W ____> _____ vd ,Utifg;gLk;
11. Xh; vr;rtpid ___nfhz;L Kbe;jhy; mJ nganur;rk; vdg;gLk;;
12. ,stofd; te;jhd; ,J ____ njhlh;
m) Fwpg;G M) ntspg;gil ,) vJTkpy;iy
13. khL vd;Dk; nrhy; _____MFk;.
m) cah;jpizg; nghJ M) m/wpizg; nghJ ,) tpuTg;ngah;
14. khL fd;iw <d;wJ ,j;njhlhpy; khL vd;gJ
_____ Fwpf;Fk;
m) gR M) fhis ,) fd;W
15. xU nghUs; Fwpj;J tUk; nrhw;fisNa _vd;gh;
16 xU nghUl; gd;nkhopf;Fr; rhd;W ______
17. tpdh ______
tifg;gLk;.
18. tpil ______ tifg;gLk;.
19. ,J nra;thah vd;Dk; tpdhtpw;;F ePNa nra; vdf;$WtJ__ tpil
20. ,J nra;thah vd;Dk; tpdhtpw;;F iftypf;Fk; vdf;$WtJ__tpil
21. Mlj;njhpAkh? vd;Dk; tpdhtpw;Fg; ghlj;njhpAk; vdf;$WtJ ___
22. ed;D}y; fpilf;Fkh? vdf; filf;fhuhplk; Nfl;gJ ___ tpdh
23. khd; ____ kUSk; ghh;it (chpa ctk cUig vOJf)
24. kyud;d Nrtb- ,r;nrhy;ypy; mike;Js;s ctk cUG _____
25. njhif ctikfis tphpAtikahf khw;Wf
m.kjpKfk; M.gtstha;
26. tphpAtikfisj; njhifAtikfshf khw;Wf
m) fay;Nghd;w tpop> M) fpsp Nghd;w nkhop
27. tlf;F vd;Dk; jpirg;ngaNuhL gpw jpirfs; te;J NrUk;NghJ ____

10 Mk; tFg;G

jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;

2
t
F
g
;
G

www.Padasalai.Net

28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.

m. epiynkhop <W ePq;Fk;

M. epiynkhop<Wk;>nka;Ak; ePq;Fk;
,. tUnkhop Kjy;nfLk;.
Nkw;F + ehL vd;gJ __vdr;NrUk;
m) Nkw;FehL M) NkehL ,) NkdhL
fUik+Fop vd;gJ ____vDk; tpjpfspd;gb GzUk;.
m) MjpePly;>,dkpfy; M) jd;ndhw;wpul;ly;> ,ilAfuk; ,Mjy;> ,) <WNghjy;> ,dkpfy;
kuNtu; __________
Gzu;rr
; pahFk;.
mfk;>Gwk; Mfpa ,uz;Lk; ______ ,yf;fzk; MFk;
FwpQ;rp>Ky;iy Kjypa Ie;Jk; ____vdg;gLk;
nea;jy; jpizf;Fhpa epyg;gFjp __ gFjpahFk;
ahkk; vd;gJ ,uT 10.00 kzp Kjy; ___tiu MFk;
kUjk;>nea;jy;>Mfpa ,uz;bw;Fk; ___ ngUk;nghOJfSk; tUk;
jpUkhy;__ epyj;jpw;Fhpa nja;tk;
kzKoh>ney;yhpfpiz Mfpa ,uz;Lk;_____ jpizf;Fhpa giwfs;
nea;jy; jpizf;Fhpa njhopy; ___MFk;
nghUs; ,yf;fzk; ___ tifg;gLk;
mfj;jpizfs; ____tifg;gLk;
khh;fop>ij Mfpa ,uz;Lk; ____ fhyj;jpw;Fhpad
kUj epyj;jpw;Fhpa nja;tk; ____
ghiy epyj;jpw;Fhpa gwitfs; ____
Gwj;jpizfs;_____ tifg;gLk;
epiu fth;jy; vd;gJ_____
kz;zhir fUjpg; NghUf;Fr; nry;tJ_______
ghlhz; jpiz vd;gJ _____$WtJ
xU jiyf; fhkk; vd;gJ ____
jd; ehl;ilf; ifg;gw;w> khw;wurNdhL vjph;j;Jg; NghupLtJ___ MFk;
cyF vd;Dk; nrhy; ntz;ghtpy; <w;wbapd; <w;Wr; rPuhapd; mjd; tha;g;ghL
_________MFk;
ey;yit - ,r;nrhy;iy myfpl;lhy; ___vdg; gphpAk;
Nehpir Mrphpag;ghtpd; <w;wayb ___tUk;
Mrphpag;ghtpd; <w;Wr;rPh; ____KbtJ rpwg;G
Nehpir ntz;gh ,uz;lhk; mbapy; jdpr;nrhy; ngw;W ____tpfw;gj;jhDk;__
tpfw;gj;jhDk; tUk;
,uz;lhk; mbapy; jdpr;nrhy; ngw;Wg; gy tpfw;gj;jhd; tUtJ ____ MFk;

51. ntz;ghtpd; Xir ____ MFk;

52. Mrphpag; ghtpd; NtW ngah; ___ MFk;
53. Mrphpag; ghtpd; Xir ______ MFk;

,yf;fz Fwpg;G nrhw;fSf;fhd rpy vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs;:

1. Ifhuf;FWf;fq;fs;:
Kjypy; Ifhuk; FWfpa nrhw;fs;
,ilapy; Ifhuk; FWfpa nrhw;fs;
;
<w;wpy; Ifhuk; FWfpa nrhw;fs;
2. xsfhuf; FWf;fq;fs;:
3. Ma;jf; FWf;fk;:
Nt.eQ;rFkhu;> m.k.Nk.ep.gs;sp> fpU\;zfpup

10 Mk; tFg;G

jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;

3
t
F
g
;
G

www.Padasalai.Net
4. kfuf; FWf;fk;:
5. %tif nkhopfs;:
1. jdpnkhop:
2. njhlh;nkhop:
3. nghJ nkhop
6.; XnuOj;njhUnkhop:
7. njhpepiy tpidKw;W
8. Fwpg;G tpidKw;W:
9. njhpepiyg; nganur;rk;:
10. Fwpg;Gg; nganur;rk;
11. vjph;kiwg; nganur;rk;
12. njhpepiy tpidnar;rk;:
13. Fwpg;G tpidnar;rk;:
14. Kw;nwr;rk;:
15. ntspg;gil
Fwpg;G
16. xd;nwhopg; nghJr;nrhy;
17. ,dq;Fwpj;jy;:
18. mLf;Fj; njhlh;
19. ,ul;ilf; fpstp
20. xUnghUl;gd;nkhop:
21.
tphpAtik
njhifAtik
22. Gzh;r;rp
1. ,ay;G Gzh;rr
; p 2. tpfhug; Gzh;rr
; p 3. jpirg;ngah; Gzh;r;rp
4. gz;Gg; ngah;Gzh;r;rp
5.kfu<w;Wg; Gzh;r;rp
23. ck;ikj;njhif:
24. vz;Zk;ik:
25. tpidj;njhif:
26. gFjpia vLj;njOJf.
27. ,ilepiyfs;:
1. j;>l;>w;>,d; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiyfs;.
2. fpW> fpd;W> Mepd;W - epfo;fhy ,ilepiyfs;
3. g;> t; - vjph;fhy ,ilepiyfs;:
4. M - vjph;kiw ,ilepiy:
5. j; - vOj;Jg; NgW
28. tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;W tpFjp: (f> , > ,a> ,ah;)
29. chpr;nrhy; njhlh;:
30. msngilfs;:
31. <Wnfl;l vjph;kiw nganur;rk; - ~M|
32. tpidahyizAk; ngah; - mh;> md;> ms;

Nt.eQ;rFkhu;> m.k.Nk.ep.gs;sp> fpU\;zfpup

10 Mk; tFg;G

jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;

t
F
g
;
G

www.Padasalai.Net

RUf;fkhf tpilasp
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
8.

- tpdh vz;

11 Kjy;

20 tiu

ty;ypdk; kpFk; ,lq;fSs; xd;iw rhd;W je;J tpsf;F

ty;ypdk; kpfh ,lq;fSs; xd;iw rhd;W je;J tpsf;F
tpidnar;rkhf;Ff.
nganur;rkhf;Ff.
ctikaia cUtfkhf;F.
mKjnkhop 2. faw;fz; 3. Njd;jkpo; 4. G+tpuy; 5. kjpKfk; 6. kyub 7. Kj;Jg;gy;
tpw;GUtk; 9. kyh;gg
; hjk; 10. gtstha; 11. fay;tpop
12. fdptha;

6. gFjpia vLj;njOJf.
1. ele;jhd; 2. cOjhd; 3. te;jhd; - 4. gbj;jhd; 5. ebj;jhh; 6. Nfl;l -; 7. fz;lhd; ;
8. nfhz;lhd; -;
9. nra;jhd; 7. thf;fpa khw;wk;.
1. fpsp fy;yhy; mbgl;lJ - czu;r;rpj; njhluhf khw;W
2. jpUf;Fwis midtUk; mwptu;. - tpdhj;njhluhf mikf;f.
3. ,kakiy kpfTk; caukhdJ - czu;r;rpj;njhluhf khw;Wf.
4. New;W Gay; tPrpaJ@ kuq;fs; rha;e;jd.- fyit thf;fpakhf khw;W
5. G+q;Foyp nghk;ik nra;jhs; - nraghl;L tpidahf khw;W
6. vopyd; jpUf;Fwisf; fw;gpj;jhd; - gpwtpidahf khw;W
8. njhlu;fs; vt;tifahdit
1. gprpuhe;ijahu;> el;Gf;F ,yf;fzkhfj jpfo;rpwhu;
2. Foe;ijia mbj;jJ ahu;?
3. ek; ehl;Lf; nfhb jiyikahrpupauhy; Vw;wg;gl;lJ. 4. taypy; MLfs; Nka;e;jpy
5. fhe;jpabfs; cz;ik Ngrhky; ,uhu;.
10. njhifr; nrhy;iy tpupj;njOJf.
1. Kf;fdp
2. ,Utpid
3. ,Ujpiz
4. Kj;jkpo; 5. Kg;ghy;
6. %tplk;
7. %Nte;jh; 8. ehw;wpir
9. ehdpyk;
10. Ie;jpiz 11. Ik;ghy; 12. Ik;Gyd;
13. Ik;nghwp
11. xUik gd;ikg; gpio ePf;fp vOJf.
1) fy;tp eyk; ngw;w ngz;ghw; Gytu;fF
; kd;dUk; gzpe;jhd;.
2) ngz;fs; ngwNtz;baJ ngz; fy;tp> ngz;Zupik> nrhj;Jupik.

3) ,g;NghJ mtu; ifapy; Nfhg;Gfs; ,Ue;jJ

4. taJ te;Njhu;f;Fk; ngz;fSf;;Fk; thf;Fupik nfhLf;fg;glNtz;Lk; vd mk;Ngj;fu;

$wpaij ehNsLfs; Gfo;e;jJ.
5. Gytu;fs; nghq;fw; GJ ehs;fspd; khz;gpid czu;e;J nfhz;lhbdhu;.
6. Nkilg; Ngr;Rf;Ff; fUj;JfNs capu; ehb Nghd;wJ.
7. <];l;kd; vd;ghu; glr;RUs; jahupf;Fk; Kiwiaf; fz;Lgpbj;jdu;.
8. ,aq;FUg; glq;fisf; Foe;ijfs; tpUk;gpg; ghu;f;fpd;wJ.
9. fhtpupg;G+k;gl;bdj;jpy; nghUs;fs; kz;bf; fple;jJ.
10. jkpou;fspd; tho;tpy; ,ir rpwe;j ,lj;ijg; ngw;wpUe;jd.
11. Xu; ,sk;ngz; Ehnyhd;iw tpUk;gpg; gbj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhu;fs;.
12. kdpjdpd; Nehf;fk; cau;e;jjhfTk; J}a;ikahdjhfTk; ,Ue;jhy; kl;Lk; Nghjh.
14. jkpofj;jpy; vz;zw;w njhopy;El;gg; gapyfq;fs; cs;sJ.
15. ,d;W NgUe;Jfs; XlhJ
16. mtd; ftpQd; my;y.
17. ehd; thq;fpa E}y; ,J my;y.

Nt.eQ;rFkhu;> m.k.Nk.ep.gs;sp> fpU\;zfpup

10 Mk; tFg;G

jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;

t
F
g
;
G

www.Padasalai.Net

12. re;jpg;gpio ePf;fp vOJf.

1. Mz;fis NghyNt ngz;fSf;Fk; muR gzp midj;J JiwfspYk; nfhLf;f
Ntz;Lk;
2. MSk; mwpTk; tsu;tjw;F Kd;ghf tho;f;if gazkhk; .
3. Mrpupau; ngaiu jk; ngaUld; Nru;j;J gPkhuht; mk;Ngj;fuhf khwpdhu;
4. ViofSf;F nghUs; ngwhky; thjhb ePjp ngw;W je;jhu;.
5. Nkil Ngr;R kpFe;j gaid juty;yJ.
6. kf;fis ,yl;rpa ghijapNy mioj;J nry;Yk; td;ikAilaNj NkilNgr;R.
7. jpiuglk; vLf;f gad;gLk; glRUs; nry;Yyha;L vd;Dk; nghUshy; MdJ.
8. jpiuglk; kf;fis jd;ghy; <u;j;J fl;b Nghlty;yJ.
9. kdpj ,dj;jpd; kuG nry;tkhf jkpo;nkhop tpsqFfpwJ.
10. jkpopy; tuyhw;W fUj;JfisAk;, gz;ghl;L $WfisAk; fhz KbAk;.
11. ts;syhu; mUspa topfis fil gpbj;J xOfpdhy; kdpjNeak; kyUk;.
12. mwpT Xspngw mq;Nf Nrhjp juprd GJikia GFj;jpdhu;.
13. ifnjhopy; xd;iw fw;W nfhs;.
14. ngz;fs; FLk;gj;ij nghWg;Gld; elj;j Ntz;LnkdTk;, fly; fle;J nry;y
$lhnjdTk;; $wpte;jdu;.
13. fPo;f;fhZk; njhlupYs;s t*r;nrhw;fis ePf;fp vOJf.
1.tyJ gf;fr; Rtw;wpy; vOjhNj.
2. mtd; tPz; rpyT nra;fpwhd; 3. vfd nkhfdaha; NgrhNj
4. mtd; Ntg;gpiy gwpj;jhd;
5. vd; crpu; ePjhNd
6. fhiyapy; eh\;lh rhg;gpl;lhah? 7. Ntu;it rpe;j cisf;f Ntz;Lk; 8. jk;gp ,q;fpl;L th
9. Mj;jq;fiu mUfhikapy; ehfupfk; Njhd;wpaJ.
10. ,d;df;fp xU fpNyh mtuf;fh thq;fp te;Njd;.
14. ctk cUig vLj;J vOJf.
1. fpspNghyg; Ngrpdhs;
2. Nta;Giu Njhs;
3. jhnahg;gg; NgRk; kfs;
4. KoT cwo; jlf;if 5. kyud;d Nrtb 6. fhak; %o;F kfsph;fz; khDk; jhkiu
7. ghk;gpd; ite;Jzp fLg;g
8. kpd;dpw;F ,iaa kpspUk; 9. nghd;Neh; GJkyh;
10. fz;nzhL epfh;f;Fk; fopg;G+q;Ftis
11. ahopd; ,d;d ,d;nrhy;
12. mk;G Edp Va;g;g mUk;gpa ,Ug;ig
-

15. gpwnkhopr; nrhw;fSf;F cupa jkpo;rn

; rhw;fis vOJf.
1. ,iwtid Nehf;fp ahj;jpiu nry;yy; gf;jUf;fhd khu;f;fk;.
2. N\j;jpuq;fs; NjhWk; nrd;W tpf;fpufq;fis topgLf.
3. ,e;j \u;l; kpfTk; fh];l;ypahdJ.
4. ehis elf;ftpUf;Fk; Nkl;rpy; ,e;jpah fz;bg;ghf tpd; nra;Ak;.
5. ehd; ,e;j fhNy[pd; Xy;l; ];Llz;l;.
6. Ntyd; Ranjhopypy; mjpf yhgk; <l;bdhd;
7. me;j tpQ;Qhdpapd; fz;Lgpbg;G kpfTk; GJikahdJ
8. midtiuAk; cz;zhtpujg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; fye;Jf; nfhs;s jiyth; miog;GtpLj;jhh;.
9. mtu; clw;$W kUj;Jtj;jpy; kpfr;rpwe;j epGzu;.
10. myq;fupj;Jf; nfhs;tjpy; ngUtpUg;Gf; nfhz;bUe;jhs; vopyp.
16. ,U nghUs; jUf.
1. MW 2. jpq;fs; 3. khiy 4. eif
17. xypkuG
1. ML
2. Fuq;F
3. Gyp
4. vyp

5.
6.
7.
8.

Me;ij
Fapy;
Nrty;;
tz;L

5. nka;

9. vUJ
10. rpq;fk;;
11. ahid

Nt.eQ;rFkhu;> m.k.Nk.ep.gs;sp> fpU\;zfpup

6. Ey;
12. fhfk;
13. $if
14. Gwh

7. fiy 8. gb 9. kjp
15. Fjpiu
16. ehp
17. G+id

18. fpsp
19. Nfhop
20. kapy;;

10 Mk; tFg;G

jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;

t
F
g
;
G

www.Padasalai.Net

18. nghUj;jkhd epWj;jw;Fwpapl;L vOJf.

1. rl;lj;ij kjpg;Nghk; Fw;wk; fise;j tho;T tho;Nthk; rl;lk; ek;ikf; fhf;Fk;
2. fijg;glq;fs; kl;Lkpd;wpf; fUj;Jg;glq;fs; nra;jpg;glq;fs; tpsf;fg;glq;fs;
fy;tpg;glq;fs; vdg; gy tsu;rr
; p epiyfisj; jpiug;gl;j;Jiw vl;bAs;sJ

19. kuGj; njhlUf;fhd nghUs; vOJf.

1. Mapuq;fhyj;Jg; gaph;
2. vLg;ghh; ifg;gps;is 3.Vl;Lr;Riuf;fha; fwpf;FjthJ
4. mtiy epidj;J cuiy ,bj;jy; 5. Kjiyf; fz;zPh; 6. mtruf;FLf;if
7. Mfhaj; jhkiu 8. fk;gp ePl;ly; 9. jhsk; NghLjy; 10. fhdy; ePh;
11. gQ;rha;g; gwj;jy; 12. Fl;br;Rth;
13. nfhl;basj;jy;
14. gRkuj;jhzp
15. thioab thio
16. nfhbfl;b
20. ctikfisr; nrhw;nwhlupy; mikj;J vOJf.
1. Mapuq; fhyj;Jg; gapu; 2. Kjiyf; fz;zPu; 3. gRkuj;jhzp Nghy 4. mbaw;w kuk;Nghy
5. cs;sq;if ney;ypf;fdpg;Nghy 6. Fd;wpd; Nkypl;l tpsf;Fg;Nghy
21 . I. nghUj;Jf
1.Ifhuf;FWf;fk;
- m. K/BJ
2.xsfhuf;FWf;fk;
- M. jiytd;
3.Ma;jf;FWf;fk;
- ,. Nghd;k;
4.kfuFWf;fk;
- <. ntsthy;
II. nghUj;Jf
1. ntspg;gilr; nrhw;fs;
2. Fwpg;Gr;nrhy;
3. ,dq;Fwpj;jy;

- m. NrhW cz;lhd;
- M. fy;>kz;
- ,. ,Uth; Foe;ij ngw;wdh;

III. nghUj;Jf
1. mwptpdh
2. Vty;tpil
3. kiwtpil
4. cWtJ $wy;

m. tUthah? vdpy; thNud; vd;gJ

M. cz;lhah?vdpy; tapW typf;Fk; vd;gJ
,. ,jidr; nra;thah? vdpy; ePNa nra; vd;gJ
<.,jd; nghUs;ahJ vd Mrphpah;khzthplk; Nfl;gJ

IV. nghUj;Jf
1. <W Nghjy;
2. Mjp ePly;
3. ,dkpfy;
4. jd;ndhw;wpul;ly;

m. ntw;wpiy
M. nre;jkpo;
,. nrk;nkhop
<. %J}h;

V.
1.
2.
3.
4.

nghUj;Jf
FwpQ;rp
Ky;iy
kUjk;
nea;jy;

VI. ,sikg; ngah;fisg;

1. ML
2. khd;
3. fPup
4. rpq;fk;
5. Nfhop

m. Kay;>khd;
M. Gyp>fub
,. Kjiy>Rwh
<. vUik>ePh;eha;

nghUj;Jf.
- m. fd;W
- M. gps;is
- ,. Fl;b
- <.FQ;R
- c.FUis

Nt.eQ;rFkhu;> m.k.Nk.ep.gs;sp> fpU\;zfpup

10 Mk; tFg;G

jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;

t
F
g
;
G

www.Padasalai.Net

VII. nghUj;Jf.
1. kapy;
2. $if
3. ahid
4. fhfk;
5. ML

- m. fiuAk;
- M. fj;Jk;
- ,. FoWk;
- <. mfTk;
- c. gpspWk;

26. fUg;nghUs; ml;ltiz

fUg;n ghUs;

FwpQ;rp

Ky;iy

kUjk;

nea;jy;

ghiy

nja;tk;

KUfd;

jpUkhy;

,e;jpud;

tUzd;

nfhw;w it

Fwth;>
Fwj;jpah;
kiyney;>
jpiz
FwpQ;rp
aho;

Mah;.
Ma;r;rpah;
tuF>
rhik
Ky;iy
aho;

coth;>
coj;jpah;
nre;n ey;>
ntz;n zy;

gujd;>
guj;jpah;
kPd;> cg;Gf;F g;
ngw;w nghUs;
tpshp
aho;

vapdh;>
vapw;w pah;
#iwahlyhy;
tUk;n ghUs;
ghiy
aho;

gz;

FwpQ;rpg;gz;

rhjhhpg;gz;

kUjg;gz;

nrt;topg;gz;

gQ;Rug;gz;

njhopy;

NjndLj;jy;>
fpoq;F mfo;jy;

VWjOTjy;
epiuNka;j;jy;

ney;yhpjy;>
fisgwpj;jy;

kPd;gpbj;jy;>
cg;Gtpisj;jy;

topg;gwp>
epiufth;jy

kf;fs;
czT
aho;

kUjaho;

27. mfj;jpiz:
jpiz

ngUk;nghOJ

khjk;

rpWnghOJ

fhyk;

FwpQ;rp

Fsph;fhyk;> Kd;gdp

Ig;grp> fhh;j;jpif>
khh;fop> ij

ahkk;

,uT

Ky;iy

fhh;fhyk;

Mtzp> Gul;lhrp

khiy

khiy 6.00 - 10.00

kUjk;

MW ngUk;
nghOJfs;

12 khjq;fs;

itfiw>
fhiy

,uT

nea;jy;

MW ngUk;
nghOJfs;

12 khjq;fs;

vw;ghL

gpw;gfy;2.00 - 6.00

ghiy

,sNtdpy;>
KJNtdpy;> gpd;gdp

rpj;jpiu> itfhrp>
Mdp> Mb> khrp>
gq;Fdp

ez;gfy;

fhiy 10..00 - 2.00

28. Gwj;jpizfs;:
1. ntl;rp
2. fue;ij
3. tQ;rp
4. fhQ;rp
5. nehr;rp
6. copiQ
7. Jk;ig
8. thif
9. ghlhz;
10. nghJtpay;
11. iff;fpis
12. ngUe;jpiz

epiufth;jy;
epiu kPl;ly;
gifNkw; nry;yy;
vjph; epw;wy;
kjpy; fhj;jy;
kjpy; tisj;jy;
mjpug;nghUjy;
nrUntd;wy;
Mz; kfdpd; xOfyhW
midj;J jpizfSf;Fk; nghJthdJ
xUjiyf;fhkk;
nghUe;jhf;fhkk;

Nt.eQ;rFkhu;> m.k.Nk.ep.gs;sp> fpU\;zfpup

10.00 - 2.00

2.00 - 6.00

10 Mk; tFg;G

jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;

8
t
F
g
;
G

www.Padasalai.Net

1. ghpjpkhw;fiyQh;

jkpo; gw;W:
kJiuapy; ehd;fhk; jkpo;rr
; q;fk; itf;f Kad;wtu;fSs; ghpjpkhw;fiyQUk; xUtu;.
aho;g;ghzk; rp.it.jhNkhjudhu; ,tuJ jkpo;g;Gyika fz;L jpuhtpl rh];jpup vd;Dk;
gl;lj;ij toq;fpdhu;.
R+hpaehuhazrh];jpup vd;Dk; tlnkhopg; ngaiu khw;wp gupjpkhw;fiyQu; vdj;
jdpj;jkpopy; ngau;#l;lbf;nfhz;lhu;.
kzpg;gpuths eil jkpo;j;jha;f;F kpsfhiag; Nghd;w vhpr;riyj; jUk; vd;whu;.
jkpo;j;njhz;L
1902Mk; Mz;L jkpio tpyf;fp tlnkhopiaf; nfhz;L tUk; gy;fiyf; fofj;jpd;
Kbit vjpu;j;jhu;.
Ughtjp fyhtjp vd;Dk; ehlfj;ij ,aw;wp mjpy; ebj;jhu;.
QhdNghjpdp vd;Dk; ,jio elj;jpdhu;
nre;jkpo; vd;Dk; ,jopy; cau;jdpr; nrk;nkhop vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy;> jkpopd;
ngUikfis
vOjpdhu;.
eLtzuR ghpjpkhw; fiyQUf;F mQ;ry;jiy ntspapl;L rpwg;gpj;Js;sJ.
2. nky;y nky;y kw
Kd;Diu:
fkyehjd; Xaky; Gifg; gpbf;Fk; jPa gof;fj;ij cilatd;. fkyehjdpd; kidtp
Nfhfpyh. fztdpd; Gifg; gof;fj;ij khw;w Nfhfpyh vLj;j Kaw;rpfs; midj;Jk;
Njhy;tpapy; Kbe;jJ. ,e;epiyapy; fkyehjd; vt;thW kdk; khwpdhd; vd;gijg; gw;wp
fhz;Nghk;.
Nfhfpyhtpd; mwpTiu
kUj;Jtkidf;F nrd;W te;j Nfhfpyh> Gifg; gof;fj;jpdhy; Gw;W Neha; tUk; vd;W
kUj;Jth; $wpajhf fkyehjDf;F $Wfpwhs;. kidtp $wpaij kWj;j fkyehjd;
Gifg;gof;fj;jpypUe;J jd;id khw;wpf; nfhs;s KbahJ vd;W Kbthf $wptpLfpwhd;.
,uhkypq;fj;jpd; kuzk;
fkyehjdpd; ez;gd; ,uhkypq;fKk; Gifg; gpbf;Fk; gof;fk; cilath;. mutJ Gifg;
gof;fj;jpdhy; Rthrg; ig Gw;W Nehahy; ghjpf;fg;gLfpwhu;. ,ij mwpe;j fkyehjd; kdk;
fyq;fpdhd;. ,Wjpahf ,uhkypq;fk; kuzkilfpwhu;.
rpahkyhtpd; epiy
rpahksh fztid ,oe;J ntWk; fOj;Jk;> ntwpr;Nrhba new;wpAkhf ,Ue;jhs;. mtsJ
Foe;ijfs; mtsplk; mg;gh vg;gkh tUthU vd;W Nfl;ld. ,ij fz;l fkyehjd; kpfTk;
kdk; fyq;fpdhd;.
fkyehjdpd; kd khw;wk;
ez;gdpd; kuzk; fkyehjid kpfTk; ghjpj;jJ. ,dp Gifg; gpbf;Fk; gof;fj;ij rpwpJ
rpwpjhf khw;wpf; nfhs;tjhf Nfhfpyhtplk; $Wfpwhd;. NfhfpyhTk; fztdpd; Kbit
Nfl;L kpfTk; kdk; kfpo;fpwhs;.

Nt.eQ;rFkhu;> m.k.Nk.ep.gs;sp> fpU\;zfpup

10 Mk; tFg;G

jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;

t
F
g
;
G

www.Padasalai.Net

3. md;whl tho;tpy; rl;lq;fs; (vitNaDk; ,uz;L kl;Lk;)

Foe;ijj;njhopyhsu; jilr;rl;lk;

ngw;Nwhu; jk; tWikiag; Nghf;f Foe;ijfis Ntiyf;F mDg;Gfpd;wdu;. gbf;Fk; tajpy;

Foe;ijfs; Fiwe;j tUkhdj;ijg; ngw;W mjpfkhf ciof;fpd;wdu;. ,e;epiyia khw;w
murhy; nfhz;L tug;gl;lNj Foe;ijj;njhopyhsu; jilr;rl;lk;.
Efu;Nthu; ghJfhg;Gr; rl;lq;fs;
re;ijapy; tpw;gid nra;ag;gLk; nghUs;fspy; vj;jifa FiwghLfs; ,Ue;jhYk;>
ePjpkd;wq;fisNah Efu;Nthu; ghJfhg;Gf; FOitNah mZfpj; jPu;T fhzyhk;. ,jw;nfd jdp
ePjpkd;wq;fs; cs;sd. Efu;Nthu; chpikfisg; ghJfhf;fr; rl;lq;fs; gy cs;sd.
jfty; mwpAk; chpikr; rl;lk;:
murpay; rhrdj;jpd; 19 (1)MtJ gpuptpd;gb Fbkf;fs; xt;nthUtUf;Fk; KOikahd
Ngr;Rhpik> vOj;Jhpik cz;L NkYk;> mjw;Fhpa jfty;fis ngwTk; KO chpik cz;L.
,e;jpa Fbkf;fs; jdpahfNth Xu; mikg;gpd; %ykhfNt jfty; mwpAk; chpikr; rl;lk; 2005
gpupT 6,d;gb jfty; ngwyhk;. nghJj;jfty; mYtyhplk; gj;J c&gha; nrYj;jp
tpz;zg;gpf;f Ntz;Lk;. tWikf; Nfhl;bw;F fPo; cs;sth;fs; fl;lzk; nrYj;j Njitapy;iy.

4. ghuj uj;dh vk;.[p.,uhkr;re;jpud;

gpwg;G
ghuj uj;dh vk;.[p.,uhr;re;jpud; ,yq;ifapYs;s fz;bapy; 1917 Mk; Mz;L rdtupj;
jpq;fs; 17Mk; ehs; NfhghyNkdd; rj;aghkh ,izaUf;F kfdhfg; gpwe;jhu;.
jpiug;glj; Jiw
ehlfq;fspy; ebj;Jf;nfhz;bUe;j ,uhkr;re;jpud;> jpiug;glj;Jiwapy;
njhlq;fpdhu;. jdJ mauhj ciog;ghy; cau;epiyia mile;jhu;.

<Lgl;L

ebf;fj;

murpay;
mwpQu; mz;zhthy; ftug;gl;l vk;.[p.Mu;. murpaypy; <Lgl;L Vio kf;fspd; kdjpy; kf;fs;
jpyfk; vd;Dk; gl;lj;ijg; ngw;whu;. mwpQu; mz;zh ,tiu ,jaf;fdp vdg; Nghw;wpdhu;. 1972
Mk; Mz;L jhkpUe;j ,af;fj;jpypUe;J tpyfpg; Gjpa fl;rpiaj; njhlq;fpdhu;.
jkpofj;jpd; Kjy;tu;.
1977 Mk; Mz;L jkpofr; rl;lkd;wj; Njh;jypy; ngw;wp ngw;W Kjy;tuhdhu;. ngUe;jiytu;
fhkuhru; mwpKfg;gLj;jpa kjpa czT jpl;lj;ij midj;Jg; gs;spfSf;Fk; toq;fpdhu;.
,e;jpa muR ,tUf;F ghuj uj;dh tpUJ toq;fp rpwg;gpj;Js;sJ.

5. Fwl;il xyp
njd;gFjpapy; xU FLk;gKk;> tlgFjpay; xU FLk;gKk; ,Ue;jd.
njd;gFjp FLk;gk;
fztd;> kidtp> MW Foe;ijfs;> xU ghl;b> xU eha; vd;W ngupa Viof; FLk;gk;.
vg;nghOJk; Foe;ijfspd; Muthuk; ,Uf;Fk;.
tlgFjp FLk;gk;
fztd;> kidtp vd ,Utu; kl;LNk thOk; nghpa FLk;gk;. ,Uky;> Vg;gk; jtpu NtW
ve;j xypAk; ,y;iy.
Nt.eQ;rFkhu;> m.k.Nk.ep.gs;sp> fpU\;zfpup

10 Mk; tFg;G

10

jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;

t
F
njd;gFjp FLk;gKk; eha;Fl;bfSk;
Vioapd; kidtp Vohtjhf xU Foe;ijia <d;nwLj;jhs;. rpy ehspy;> eha;Fl;bAk; Ie;gJ
;
Fl;bfis <d;wJ. mLj;j %d;whk; ehs; ntspNa nrd;w eha; jpUk;gtpy;iy. eha;Fl;bfs;
G
grpahy; fj;jpd.

www.Padasalai.Net

Vioj;jhapd; fUiz
grpahy; fj;jpa eha;f;Fl;bfSf;F jd;Dila ghiyNa gQ;rpapy; eidj;Jj; je;J
grpNghf;fpdhs;. eha;fF
; l;bfspd; xyp mlq;fpaJ. Vg;g xyp te;j jpirapypUe;j Ful;il xyp
tuj; njhlq;fpaJ.

6. E}yfk;.
E}yfj;jpd; Njhw;wk;
kf;fs; jk; vz;zq;fshy; ,yf;fpaq;fSk;> ,yf;fzq;fSk; Njhd;w Muk;gpj;jd. mt;thW
Njhd;wpa E}y;fs; midtUf;Fk; gad;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf nghJ E}yfq;fs;
jpwf;fg;gl;ld.
E}yfj;jpd; NtW ngau;fs;
Gj;jfr;rhiy> Vlfk;> Rtbafk;> Rtbr;rhiy> thrfrhiy> gbg;gfk;> E}y;epiyak;>
gz;lhuk; vd;gd E}yfj;jpd; NtW ngau;fshFk;.
nghJ E}yfj;Jiw
nghJ kf;fs; midtUk; gad; ngUk; tifapy; Cu;NjhWk; E}yfq;fs; mikf;fg;gl;ld.
1948Mk; Mz;L jkpof muR nrd;idg; nghJ E}yfr; rl;lj;ij ,aw;wp> E}yfj;jpd; rPwhd
,af;fj;jpw;F tpj;jpl;lJ.
gs;sp E}yfk;
gs;sp khztu;fs; gad;ngWk; tifapy; gs;spapNyNa ~~Gj;jfg; G+q;nfhj;J|| vd;Dk;
tFg;giw E}yfk; nray;gl;L tUfpwJ.
E}yfKk; gaDk;
,yf;fpak;> ,yf;fzk;> jpwdha;T> mwptpay;> kUj;Jtk;> fzpjk;> fzpdp> tuyhW> nghJ
mwpT vd gy;Jiw E}y;fSld; nra;jpj;jhs;fSk; E}yfj;jpy; fhzg;gLk;. mtw;iw tPl;bw;F
vLj;J nrd;W gbf;Fk; trjpAk; cs;sJ. khztu;fs; E}yfj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp jq;fsJ
gy;Jiw mwpitAk; tsu;j;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

Mq;fpyr; nrhw;fis jkpohf;fk; nra;f - tpdh vz;: 34(m)

1. ~~lhb tu;w rz;Nl vdf;F gu;j; Nl. gl; ePq;f ,d;Dk; vdf;F gu;j;Nl bu];
vLf;ftpy;iyNa> ntha; lhb? vd;Ndhl gpuz;l;i]nay;yhk; tPl;Lf;F tur;nrhy;ypf; fhy;
gz;zpapUf;fpNwd;.||
2. RNu\; thl; N`g;gz;l; ? Vd; Nyl;lh tu;Nw ?
topapNy xNu buhgpf; [hk;lh mjdhyjhd; Nyl;> rup rup g]; vj;jid kzpf;F tUk;?
bf;fl; fpilr;rjh?
g]; nld; ju;l;bf;F tUk; yh];l; tPfN
; f upru;t; nra;jhr;R.

Mq;fpyr; nrhw;fSf;F ,izahdj; jkpo; nrhw;fs;

\hg;gpq;> ntha; lhb> fhy;> Nlhd;l; nthup> tpf;fpufq;fs;> khu;fk;> ahj;jpiu> \h;l>;
fh];l;yp> Xy;l; ];Llz;l;> thl; `hg;gz;l> Nyl;> buhgpf; [hk;> bf;fl;> yh];l; tPf>;
uprh;t;> bgd;> A+dpghu;k;> Ngd;> nry;Nghd.;
jkpo; vz;fis mwpf - tpdh vz;: 34(M)

1 -

2 -

3 - 4 - 5 -

6 -

Nt.eQ;rFkhu;> m.k.Nk.ep.gs;sp> fpU\;zfpup

7 -

8 -

9 -

10 -

10 Mk; tFg;G

11

jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;

t
F
g
;
G

www.Padasalai.Net

Mq;fpy ciug;gFjpiaj; jkpohf;fk; nra;f - tpdh vz; 35(m)

1.
Trees are very useful to us.They give us timber and firewood. The timber is used to
make chairs, tables and other furniture. We get oil from the oil seeds of some trees. The
leaves and fruits of
some trees are used to prepare medicines.
2.
Early to bed and earlly to rise make a man healthy, wealthy and wise. The early riser
has more time and energy to prepare for the days work than the late riser. Besides, he finds
himself fresh and brisk. Early morning is the most suitable time for study. As the mind is fresh,
even a difficult is made easy.
3.
The television is one of the wonders of modern India. Many useful programs on
education, health, agriculture and family planning are specially prepared for rural viewers.
Interesting dramas and films are shown at regular intervals. The television is also used for
commercial advertisements.
4.
Food is essential for all living beings. Without food man cannot live long. Every man
has to eat a certain quantity of food. If he eats less than that quantity his health will fail and he
will fall ill. So, everyman has to eat enough food to live.
5.
Gandhiji loved and respected truth more than anything else. He fought his whole life to
uphold the value of truth. From his experiment with truth, he came to know that there could
not be a God other than truth. He taught us that our thought, word and deed should on truth.
He preached what he practised.
6.
Library is a place for reading books. There will be a librarian in each library. He takes
care of all the books in English and Tamil. It also has books on Science, Economics and
commerce. There are newspapers and magazines in tamil and English. We Can read them
there silently . It is a place for silent reading. Books can be borrowed for two weeks from the
library. It is useful for everyone.

,izahd jkpo;g;gonkhopfis vOJf - tpdh vz;: 35(M)

1.
3.
6.
9.
12.
16.
18.
20.
23.
25.
28.
31.
33.
35.

Health is Wealth.
2. Too much of anything is good for nothing
No pain No gain
4. Haste makes Wast 5.
Knowledge is Power
Covet all lose all
7. Diamonds cut diamonds 8.East or West, Home is the best.
Empty vessals make the greatest sound. 10 .Money makes many things. 11.Old is gold.
Prevention is better than cure. 13.Tit for tat
14. Work is workship
15. Time is gold
Failure is the stepping stone to success 17.
Man proposes god disposes
Srtike the rod while it is hot. 19.
The face is the Index of the mind
All that glitter is not gold
21. Art is long : but life is short.
22. Barking dog seldom bite
There is no smoke without fire 24. Time and tide waits for none
A friend in need is a friend indeed
26. Self help is the best help 27.Efforts never fail
Live and let live
29. Manners make the man 30.
All is well that ends well
Look before you leap 32.
Do well what you have to do
Small rudders guide great ships 34. You must walk before run
Experience is the best teacher
Nt.eQ;rFkhu;> m.k.Nk.ep.gs;sp> fpU\;zfpup

10 Mk; tFg;G

12

jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;

t
F
g
;
G

www.Padasalai.Net

fijia epiwT nra;jy; my;yJ ftpij - tpdh vz;: 36

(gs;sp> kio> Foe;ij> fly;> el;G> Kaw;rp> md;id> ,aw;if)

gs;sp
nrbaha; ,Ue;j vd;id
nrOikahd kukhf;fpats;!
Gy;yha; fple;jtid
Gfo; kuj;jpy; Vw;wpats;!
kjpia Cl;b
khkdpjdha; khw;wpats;!
gz;igj; je;J
ghrKld; tsu;j;jts;!
gs;sp vDk; vd; md;Gj;jha;!

Kaw;rp
mwpntd;Dk; tpijf;F cuk;!
Mw;wiy tsu;f;Fk; Mrhd;!
,kaj;jpd; cauj;ij msf;Fk; fapW!
cd;id ,e;j cyfpw;F fhl;Lk;
xsp tpsf;F!
Kaw;rp vd;Dk; Rlu; tpsf;F!
vd;gij vd;Wk; czu;tha;!
%r;rp tpl kwe;jhYk;
Kaw;rp nra;a kwf;fhNj!

kio
Foe;ijfs;
nfhQ;rp tpisahl!
cotu;fs;
cs;sk; Rfk;ghl!
kz;Zf;F
gr;irg; Glit fl;ba
kioNa! - ehq;fs;
,we;J NghFk;Kd;
tpiue;J th!

Nt.eQ;rFkhu;> m.k.Nk.ep.gs;sp> fpU\;zfpup

el;G
Mapuk; Nfhb
el;rj;jpuq;fs;
tpz;zpy; ,Ue;jhYk;
,uTf;f moF
epyTjhd;
Mapuk; cwTfs;
kz;zpy; ,Ue;jhYk;
vdf;F moF
ey;y el;Gjhd;!

md;id
Rikaha; te;j vd;id
Rfkha; Vw;wha; jhNa!
cd;id cUf;fp vd;id
tbj;j rpw;gp ePNa
vdf;F Mapuk; Kj;jkpl;L
muq;Nfw;wk; nra;jhNa!
vdf;fhf kl;LNk thOk;
vd; md;Gj; jhNa!
,dp vj;jid gpwtp vLj;jhYk;
vd; md;id ePNa.....

Foe;ij
Mapuk; ftpijfis
capUf;Fs; tpijj;jJ
cd; Ie;J tpuypd; mirT!
vd; ,ja thdpy;;
Nfhb el;rj;jpuq;fis
nfhl;b kpd;d itj;jJ
cd; ,Utpop mirT!
thd; kioapy; G+kp G+j;jJ!

cd; md;G kioapy;

vd; ,jak; G+j;jJ!

10 Mk; tFg;G

13

jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;

t
F
g
;
G

www.Padasalai.Net

gh eak; ghuhl;ly; - tpdh vz; : 37

kdp;jnuyhk; md;Gnewp fhz;gjw;Fk;

kNdhghtk; thidg;Nghy; tphpt ile;J
jdpkdpj jj;Jtkhk; ,Uisg;Nghf;fpr;
rfkf;fs; xd;nwd;g Jzh;t jw;Fk;
,dpjpdpjha; vOe;jcah; vz;z nky;yhk;
,yFtJ Gyth;jU Rtbr; rhiy
GdpjKw;W kf;fs; GJtho;T Ntz;by;
Gj;jf rhiyNtz;Lk; ehl;by; ahz;Lk;
jpuz;;l fUj;J:
kf;fspilNa md;Gnewp tsh;tjw;Fk;> tphpe;j kdg;Nghf;F Vw;gLtw;Fk;> jd;dy Nehf;F
jfh;tjw;Fk;> vy;NyhUk; Xhpdj;jth; vd;W czh;tjw;Fk;> cah; vz;zq;fs; cUthtjw;Fk;>
GdpjKw;W kf;fs; tho;tjw;Fk;> ehl;by; Gj;jfrhiy Njhd;w Ntz;Lk;.
nghUs; eak;:
kf;fs; Gdpjkhd tho;T tho> md;G tphpe;j kdg;ghd;ik> jd;dykpd;ik> Xhpdk; vd;W
czu> cah; vz;zk; cUthf ehnlq;Fk; Gj;jfrhiy Ntz;Lk; vd;fpwhh; ghujpjhrdhh;.
nrhy;eak;:
jd;dy kdg;ghd;ikia kf;fs; jfh;f;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w fUj;ij tpsf;f jdpkdpj
jj;Jtkhk; ,Uisg;Nghf;fp vd;w nrhw;fspdhy; eak;gl $Wfpwhh; ghNte;jh;.
Nkhid:
rhd;W :

Kjy; vOj;J xd;wp tUtJ Nkhid.

kdpjnuyhk; .. kNdhghtk;
,dpjpdpjha; .. ,yFtJ
GdpjKw;W .. Gj;jfrhiy

vJif: ,uz;lhk; vOj;J xd;wp tUtJ vJif

rhd;W :
kdpjnuyhk;_jdpkdpj_,dpjpdpjha;_GdpjKw;W
,iaG: ,Wjp vOj;Njh>mirNah> rPNuh xd;Wgl;L tUtJ ,iaG
rhd;W :
Ntz;by; ehl;by;
re;jeak;:
,g;ghlypy; vz;rhP ;f; fopnebyb Mrphpa tpUj;jg;gh gapd;W te;Js;sjhy; mftNyhir
epuk;g eaj;Jld; fhzg;gLfpwJ.
mzp:
gue;J tphpe;j thdj;ijg; Nghy kf;fspd; kdk;
$wpAs;sjhy; ,g;ghlypy;ctik mzp gapd;W te;Js;sJ.
jiyg;G: Gj;jf rhiy

Nt.eQ;rFkhu;> m.k.Nk.ep.gs;sp> fpU\;zfpup

,Uf;f

Ntz;Lk;

vd

ftpQh;

10 Mk; tFg;G

14

jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;

t
F
g
;
G

www.Padasalai.Net

tho;f;ifj;jpwd;

tpdh vz;: 39

xUtNuhL xUth; el;ghfg;goFk; jpwd;

vopyDk; jkpourDk; neUq;fpa ez;gh;fs;. Mdhy;> vopyuDf;Fj; jkpourd; kl;LNk
ez;gd;. jkpourDf;Nfh tFg;gpy; kl;Lkpd;wpg; gs;spapYk; midtUk; ez;gh;fNs. ghh;f;Fk;
ahthplj;jpYk; md;ghfTk; el;ghfTk; goFthd;. nghpath;fsplk; khpahijAld; ele;J
nfhs;thd;. jd;dhy; Kbe;j cjtpfSk; nra;thd;. vopyDk; ey;y khztd;jhd;. Mdhy;>
jhdhfr; nrd;W gofkhl;lhd;. tpdhTf;F kl;LNk tpil nrhy;thd;. jkpourdplk; vy;NyhUk;
neUq;fpg; goFtJ> vopyDf;F Ntjid je;jJ.
1.
2.

,th;fspy; ahiug;Nghy; ,Ug;gJ ey;yJ?

jd;dplk; midtUk; neUq;fpg;goFtjw;F vopyd; vd;d nra;a
Ntz;Lnkd;W eP epidf;fpwha;?
3.
cq;fSf;F ez;gh;fs; cz;lh? vj;jidg;Ngh;?
;.
rpwg;ghfj; njhlu;G nfhs;Sk; jpwd;
kjpaofd; gj;jhk; tFg;gpy; gbj;J tUfpwhd;. Nkw;nfhz;L jpiug;glf; fy;Y}upapy;
Nru;e;J gbf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W mtd; tpUk;Gfpwhd;. tPl;by; mtd; ngw;NwhNuhL xUehs; Ngrpf;
nfhz;bUf;Fk;NghJ> jd; vz;zj;ij ntspapLfpwhd;. mijf; Nfl;lJk;> je;ij mtd; kPJ
rpdk; nfhs;fpwhu;. Vnddpy;> mtd; kpfr; rpwe;j nghwpahsuhf tuNtz;Lk; vd;gJ mtUila
tpUg;gk;. kjpaofd;> je;ijaplk; vg;gbr; nrhy;ypg; Gupa itg;gJ vd;W jLkhWfpwhd;.
1.
2.
3.

kjpaofd; Nkw;nfhz;L vq;F gbf;f tpUk;gpdhd;?

kjpaofd; je;ij rpdk; nfhz;lJ Vd;?
je;ij rk;kjpf;fhtpl;lhy; kjpaofd; vd;d nra;thd;?

kWj;jy; jpwd;
khwd; gj;jhk; tFg;Gg; gbf;fpwhd;. rpy ehshf mtDila nray;fspy; khw;wk; Vw;gl;bUg;gij
nghw;Nwhu; czu;e;jdu;. gs;sp Neuk; Kbe;Jk; mtd; tPl;bw;Fj; jhkjkhf tUfpwhd;. fhuzk;
Nfl;lhy; cz;ikiar; nrhy;y kWf;fpd;whd;. tPl;by; mbf;fbg; gzk; Nfl;Lj; njhe;juT
nra;fpd;whd;. ey;y ez;gu;fSld; mtd; gofhjNj ,jw;F fhuzk; vd;W ngw;Nwhu;
epidf;fpd;wdu;.
1. ngw;Nwhu; khwidg; gw;wp epidg;gJ rupah?
2. ehk; vg;gbg;gl;ltu;fNshL el;Gf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;?
3. eP cd; ngw;Nwhuplk; vt;thW ele;J nfhs;tha;?
$u;rpe;jidj; jpwd;
ngw;Nwhu; vjpu;ghuhj tifapy; ntspA+u; nrd;Wtplg; G+q;Foyp kl;Lk; tPl;by; jdpahf
gbj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhs;. G+q;Foypapd; je;ijiaj ;Njb xUtu; tPl;bw;F tUfpwhu;. je;ij
ntspA+u; nrd;wpUf;fpwhu; vd;W G+q;Foyp $wpdhYk; mtu; mijf; Nfl;fhky; mtsplk; Ngrpf;
nfhz;bUf;fpwhu;
1. me;jr; #o;epiyiag; G+q;Foyp vt;thW vjpu;nfhs;ths;?
2. ePq;fs; G+q;foypahf ,Ue;jhy; vd;d nra;tPu;fs;?
3. ,r;#oypy; gad;gLj;j Ntz;ba tho;tpay; jpwd; ahJ?
kdntOr;rpia vjpu;nfhs;Sk; jpwd;
,uz;L
ehs;
nga;j
ngUkioapd;
mwptpf;fpd;whu;fs;. gs;spf;F te;j khztu;fs;
Nt.eQ;rFkhu;> m.k.Nk.ep.gs;sp> fpU\;zfpup

tpisthf>
md;W
gs;spf;F
tpLKiw
jj;jk; tPl;bw;Fj; jpUk;Gfpwhu;fs;. Mdhy;>

10 Mk; tFg;G

jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;

15
t

www.Padasalai.Net
fjputdpd; tFg;Gj; Njhou;fs;> mtidj; jpiug;glk; ghu;f;f tUkhW miof;fpwhu;fF
s;.
gr;
ngw;NwhUf;Fj; njupe;jhy; jd;id fz;bg;ghu;fs; vd;W fjputDf;Fj; njupAk;. jpiug;glj;jpw;F
nry;yhtpby; ez;gu;fs; jd;id xJf;fp tpLthu;fs; vd;Wk; mtd; epidf;fpwhd;.
;
1. ,e;epiyapy; fjputd; jd; kdntOr;rpfis vt;thW fl;Lg;gLj;Jthd;?
2. fjputd; epiyapy; ePq;fs; ,Ue;jhy; vd;d nra;tPu;fs;?
3. ,r;R+oypy; gad;gLj;jNtz;ba tho;tpay; jpwd; ahJ?

KbntLf;Fk; jpwd;
gjpndhd;whk; tFg;gpy; Nru;e;J rpy ehs; MfpwJ. Njtp md;W gs;spf;Fg; Nghfhky;
mOJ nfhz;bUe;jhs;. mts; fz;fs; ,uz;Lk; rpte;Jtpl;ld. Mdhy; mts; ngw;Nwhu;>
mtspd; mOifiag; nghUl;gLj;jtpy;iy. ~ehd; nrhd;dJ jhd;> eP gbj;jJ NghJk;> ,d;Dk;
%d;W khjj;jpy; cdf;Fj; jpUkzk; nra;a Ntz;baJjhd;| vd;W $wpathNw mtSila
je;ij ntspNa nrd;Wtpl;lhu;. mg;gh cdf;F ey;yJjhd; nra;thu;> mg;ghtpd; Ngr;irf; Nfs;|
vd;W mk;khTk; $wNt vd;d nra;tnjd;W njupahky; tUj;jj;Jld; ,Ue;jhs; Njtp.
1. ,e;epiyapy; Njtp vj;jifa KbntLg;ghs;?
2. cq;fSf;F ,g;gbnahU epiy Vw;gl;lhy; ePq;fs; vg;gbj; jPu;T fhz;gPu;fs;?
3. ,r;R+oypy; ehk; filgpbf;f Ntz;ba tho;tpay; jpwd; vd;d?
.
kd mOj;jq;fis vjpu;nfhs;Sk; jpwd;
,yf;fpah gbg;gpy; gLRl;b. mts;jhd; tFg;gpy; vg;NghJk; Kjyhtjhf tUths;.
mtSila Njhopfs; vy;yhUk; mtSf;nfd;d ftiy? mts; mk;kh Xu; Mrpupau;: mtSf;Fg;
ghlj;jpy; ve;j Iak; Vw;gl;lhYk; clNd jPu;j;JtpLthu;. vdNt> mts; Kjy; kjpg;ngz;
ngWtjpy; tpag;NgJk; ,y;iy vd;W $Wtu;. mjidf; Nfl;Fk;NghJ> ,yf;fpahtpw;F mk;khit
epidj;jhy; kpfTk; ngUikahf ,Uf;Fk;. gs;spapy; Mz;Lj;Nju;Tf;Fg; gbg;gjw;fhf xUthuk;
tpLKiw mspj;jhu;fs;. ,yf;fpah tof;fk;Nghy; gbg;gjpy; fz;Zk; fUj;Jkha; ,Ue;jhs;.
mg;NghJ njhiyNgrp miog;G te;jJ. mtSila mk;kh jpBnud;W kaf;fkile;Jtpl; lhu;fs;
vd;W cldbahf kUj;Jtkidapy; Nru;j;jpUg;gjhfTk; mk;khTld; gzpahw;Wk; Mrpupau;
$wpdhu;. mk;khTf;F vjpu;ghuhky; Vw;gl;l epiyiaf; Nfl;L ,yf;fpah kpFe;j kd
mOj;jj;jpw;F Mshdhs;.
1. ,yf;fpahtpd; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;F ahu; fhuzk;?
2. ,yf;fpahtpd; mk;khit vjw;fhf kUj;Jtkidapy; Nru;j;jhu;fs;?
3. mk;khtpw;F Vw;gl;l epiy fz;L ,yf;fpahtpd; epiy vd;d?

Nt.eQ;rFkhu;> m.k.Nk.ep.gs;sp> fpU\;zfpup

10 Mk; tFg;G

16

jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;

t
F
g
;
G

www.Padasalai.Net

nghJf;fl;Liufs;
jkpo;nkhopapd; rpwg;Gfs;
Kd;Diu

jkpo; %thapuk; Mz;LfSf;FNky; gioik tha;e;j nkhop. ,J gy ,yf;fz ,yf;fpa

tsq;fisf; nfhz;L nrk;nkhopahf jpfo;fpwJ. fhyj;jpw;F Vw;g jd;id khw;wpf; nfhs;Sk;
jd;ikf; nfhz;lJ. ,jd; rpwg;G gw;wp ,q;F fhz;Nghk;.
jkpopd; rpwg;G
ahkwpe;j nkhopfspNy jkpo; nkhopg; Nghy;
,dpjhtJ vq;Fk; fhzNdhk;
vd;Dk; ghujpapd; thpfs;; jkpod; ,dpikapid czu;j;Jk;. jkpo; gy rpwg;Gfisg; ngw;W
tsu;tNj ,jw;Ff; fhuzk;.
jha;ikr; rpwg;G
jkpo;nkhop jpuhtpl nkhopfSf;F jhahf jpfo;fpwJ. Mapuj;njz;Z}W nkhopfSf;F
Ntu;r;nrhw;fisAk;> E}w;nwz;gJ nkhopfSf;F cwTg; ngau;fisAk; je;Js;sJ. vdNt
jkpo; cyf nkhopfSf;nfy;yhk; jha;nkhopahfj; jpfo;fpwJ.
gpwnkhopj; jhf;fkpd;ik
Mq;fpy nkhopapYk;> tlnkhopapYk; gpwnkhopr; nrhw;fs; fye;Js;sijg; Nghy; jkpo;
nkhopapYk; gpwnkhopr; nrhw;fs; fye;Js;sd. gpwnkhop nrhw;fis ePff
; pdhy; gy nkhopfs;
,aq;fh. Mdhy;> jkpo;nkhop xd;Nw gpwnkhopnrhw;fis ePf;fpdhYk; ,aq;fty;yJ.
,yf;fpa tsk;
cyf ,yf;fpaq;fSs; Kjd;ik ngw;Ws;sit rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs;. ,tw;wpd; nkhj;j
mbfs; 26>350. mf;fhyj;Nj ,t;tstpw;F tpupthf cUthf;fg;gl;l ,yf;fpaq;fs;> cyfpy;
NtW ve;j nkhopapYk; , y;iy vd;gJ nrf; ehl;L nkhopapay; mwpQu; fgpy;Rtygpy; KbG.
kf;fspd; tho;tpay; newpfis ntspg;gLj;;Jtjhy; ,it kf;fs; ,yf;fpaq;fs; vdg;gl;ld.
,yf;fz tsk;
jkpopy; ekf;F fpilj;j kpfTk; gioikahd ,yf;fzk; njhy;fhg;gpak;. ,jpy; vOj;J>
nrhy;> nghUs; Mfpa %d;wDf;Fk; ,yf;fzk; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. njhy;fhg;gpaupd; Mrpupau;
mfj;jpau; vOj;J> nrhy;> nghUs;> ahg;G> mzp Mfpa Ie;J ,yf;fzq;fisAk; vOjpAs;shu;.
nkhopf; Nfhl;ghL
njhy;fhg;gpau; $Wk; vOj;Jg; gpwg;G Kiwfs; nkhop E}yhiuNa tpag;gpy; Mo;j;Jtd.
,d;iwa nkhopapay; ty;Yeu;fSk; Ngzpg; gpd;gw;wj;jf;f topKiwfisj; njhy;fhg;gpak;
$WfpwJ vdghu; Kidtu; vkpNdh
nrk;nkhop
jkpo; fhyg; GJikiag; ngwj;jf;fJ. fzpdpg; gad;ghl;bw;Fk; Vw;wJ. ,jd; rpwg;ig
mwpe;J eLtzuR 2004Mk; Mz;L mf;Nlhgupy; jkpio nrk;nkhopahf mwptpj;jJ.
KbTiu
,j;jF rpwg;G kpf;f ek; jha;nkhopahk; jkpo;nkhopia cyfwpar; nra;Nthk;.
xt;nthUtUk; jkpod; vd;W nrhy;tjpy; ngUik nfhs;Nthk;. jkpo; Ngrp kfpo;e;J ,d;gk;
fhz;Nghk;.

Nt.eQ;rFkhu;> m.k.Nk.ep.gs;sp> fpU\;zfpup

10 Mk; tFg;G

jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;

17
t
F
g
;
G

www.Padasalai.Net

rpf;fdKk; rpWNrkpg;Gk;
Kd;Diu:

rpf;fdNk rPuhd tho;T vd;gJ gonkhop. nghUspy;yhh;f;F ,t;Tyfk; ,y;iy

vd;whh; ts;Sth;. mg;nghUspd; rpwg;ig czh;e;J Nrkpg;gJ mtrpak;. rpf;fdk;
,Ue;jhy;jhd; Nrkpf;f KbAk;.
rpf;fdk;:
rpf;fdk; Njit ,f;fdk; Njitf;Fk; nryT nra;ahky; ,Ug;gJ fUkpj;jdk;.
Njitf;F Nky; nryT nra;tJ Mlk;guk;. Njitf;F kl;LNk nryT nra;tJ rpf;fdk;. ,e;j
NtWghLfis czu;e;J Nrkpf;f Ntz;Lk;.
tuTf;Fs; nryT:
tpuYf;F jFe;j tPf;fk; vd;gJ gonkhop. vdNt> FLk;g tUkhdj;jpw;F Vw;g nryT
nra;J thoNtz;Lk;. tuTf;F Nky; nryT nra;tJ ek;ik tWikapy; js;sptpLk;. tuTf;F
jFe;j jpl;lkpl;l nryT tho;it tskhdjhf;Fk;.
Nrkpg;gpd; mtrpak;:
xt;nthU kdpjDk; Nrkpg;gpd; mtrpaj;ij czuNtz;Lk;. vWk;G> NjdPff
; s; $l
jdJ vjpu;fhy Njitia czu;e;J Nrkpf;fpd;wd. ,Uf;Fk; NghJ fpilj;jg; gzj;ij nryT
nra;Jtpl;L> ,y;yhj NghJ mOJnfhz;bUg;gjpy; gad; ,y;iy. ekJ tUthapy; xU rpW
njhifiaahtJ Nrkpf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,jdhy; ekJ vjph;fhyk; tsk;ngWk;.
Nrkpg;gpy; ftdk;:
Nguhir ngUel;lk; vd;ghu;fs;. vdNt mjpf tl;bf;F Mirg;gl;L ghJfhg;gw;w
epWtdq;fspy; gzj;ij Nrkpf;ff; $lhJ. ekJ Nrkpg;igg; ghJfhg;ghf rpW Nrkpg;G
epiyaq;fs;> muRilik tq;fpfs;> mQ;ryfq;fspy; Nrkpf;f Ntz;Lk;.
KbTiu:
ekJ vjph;fhy> xspkakhd tho;tpw;F Nrkpg;G mtrpak;. rpW Jsp ngUnts;sk; vd;gJ
Nghy; rpWf rpWfr; Nrkpj;J tsk; ngUf tho;Nthk;.
rpf;fdk; tPl;ilf; fhf;Fk; Nrkpg;G ehl;ilf; fhf;Fk;

Rw;Wr;R+oy; ghJfhg;G
Kd;Diu:
ek;ikr; Rw;wpapUf;Fk; ,aw;ifr; #o;epiyia khRglhky; ghJfhg;gNj Rw;Wr; #oy;
ghJfhg;ghFk;. ek;ikf; fhf;Fk; G+kpia ehKk; fhf;fNtz;Lk;. mjd; mtrpak; gw;wp
,f;fl;Liuapy; fhz;Nghk;.
epyj;J}a;ik:
kz;izf; fhj;jhy; kl;LNk kdpj ,dk; kdkfpo;NthL tho ,aYk;. ,urhad cuk;>
G+r;rpf;nfhy;yp> nefpop gad;ghl;lhy; epyk; khrilfpwJ. ,aw;if cuk; gad;gLj;jp> czTg;
nghUl;fis cw;gj;jp nra;tJ ekf;Fk;> epyj;jpw;Fk; gadspf;Fk;.
ePh;j;J}a;ik:
ePupd;wp mikahJ cyF vd;whu; ts;Stu;. mj;jifa ePiu J}a;ikahf itg;gjd;
%yk; kdpj ,dk; MNuhf;fpakhf tho KbAk;. Neha;fs; ngUf khRgl;l ePNu fhuzk;> fopT

Nt.eQ;rFkhu;> m.k.Nk.ep.gs;sp> fpU\;zfpup

10 Mk; tFg;G

jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;

18
t

www.Padasalai.Net
ePH;> ,urhadf; fopTePH; ePH;epiyfspy; fyg;gjhy; ePH; khrilfpwJ. fopT ePiu kWRow;F
rp
g
nra;aNtz;Lk;. fz;l ,lq;fspy; kyk; fopg;gij jtpu;f;f Ntz;Lk;.
;
G

fhw;Wj;J}a;ik

capu;tsp vd;W nrhy;yg;gLk; Mf;rp[dpd; msT Fiwe;J tUfpwJ. kuq;fspd;

vz;zpf;if Fiwe;J tUtNj ,jw;F fhuzk;. njhopw;rhiy Gif> thfdg;Gif
Nghd;wtw;why; tsp kz;lyk; khrilfpwJ. ,jidj; jLf;f mjpf msT kuq;fis tsh;ff
;
Ntz;Lk;. Gifapid ntspg;gLj;Jk; njhopw;rhiy kw;Wk; thfdq;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;j
Ntz;Lk;.
KbTiu:
Fg;igfisf; fz;l ,lq;fspy; nfhl;lf;$lhJ. kWRow;rp nra;a Kbahj nefpopg;
nghUl;fisg; gad;gLj;jf;$lhJ. ehk; thOk; ,e;j G+kpia khRgLj;jhky; ghJfhg;gJ ekJ
flikahFk;. ,jdhy; ,e;j G+kp ek;ikAk; ek; jiyKiwiaAk; ePz;l ehl;fs; ,d;gkha; tho
itf;Fk;.
Rw;Wr; #oy; fhg;Nghk; Nehapd;wp tho;Nthk;

fhyj;ij nty;Yk; fzpdp

Kd;Diu:
,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;bd; ,izaw;w fz;Lgpbg;G fzpdp.
nehbapy; kpy;ypad;
fzf;Ffisr; nra;Ak;. ,d;W fzpdp ,d;wp ve;j JiwAk; ,aq;f KbahJ vd;w epiy
Vw;gl;Ls;sJ.
Njhw;wk;:
fp.gp.1883-y; rhh;y]; ghNg[; fl;lisfis tbtikj;jhh;. ,JNt fzpdp cUthf
fhuzkhf ,Ue;jJ. vdNt ,th; fzpdpapd; je;ij vd miof;fg;gLfpwhh;. gy epiyfisf;
fle;J ,d;W fzpdp kpfg;n
; ghpa tsu;r;rpapidf; fz;Ls;sJ.
tiffs;:
gy;Y}lff; fzpdp> kbf;fzpdp> ifalf;ff; fzpdp vd fzpdp ,d;W gy epiyfspy;
gad;gLj;jg;gl;L tUfpwJ. nry;NgrpAk; ,d;W xU fzpdpahf nray;gl;L tUtij
mwpfpd;Nwhk;.
,izak;:
,izaj;jhy; ,d;W cyfNk rpW fpuhkkhf khwptpl;lJ. cyfpd; midj;Jf;
fzpdpfisAk; ,izg;gJ ,izak; vd;fpNwhk;. ,it FWk;gug;G> mfd;wgug;G> itaf
tphpT tiy vd gy tif ,izaq;fs; cs;sd. ,iza Nritf;F chpathplk; jdp
fzf;F njhlq;fp fzpdpia ,izajsj;Jld; ,izf;fyhk;.
fzpdp topf; fy;tp:
gs;spfspYk;>
fy;Y}upfspYk;
,d;W
fzpdpiag;
gad;gLj;jp
ghlq;fs;
elj;jg;gLfpd;wd. midj;J Jiw mwpitAk; ngw ,izak; ekf;Fg; gad;gLfpwJ.
gad;gLk; ,lq;fs;:
tq;fpfs;> cztfq;fs;> tzpftshfk;> fy;tp> NgUe;J> Giftz;b epiyaq;fs;>
gs;spfs; fy;Y}upfs;> njhopw;$lq;fs; vd midj;Jj; JiwfspYk; fzpdp gad;ghL
jtpu;f;fKbahjjhf cs;sJ.
KbTiu:
kdpjdpd; fz;Lgpbg;gpy; mwpanjhU gilg;ghd fzpdp jkpo; nkhopapYk; gad;gLj;j
mwpNthk;. cyfk; Nghw;w tho;Nthk;.

Nt.eQ;rFkhu;> m.k.Nk.ep.gs;sp> fpU\;zfpup

10 Mk; tFg;G

19

jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;

fzpdp fw;Wtho;thNu tho;thu; kw;nwy;yhk;

t
F
g
;
G

www.Padasalai.Net

njhOJ mtu;gpd;nry; gtu;

kioePh; Nrfupg;G
Kd;Diu

ePhpd;wp mikahJ cyF vd;whu; ts;Stu;. mj;jifa ePiu kio nga;Ak; fhyq;fspy;>
epyj;Jf;F mbapy; Nrkpg;igijNa kioePH;Nrfhpg;G vd;fpNwhk;. mijg;gw;wp ,f;fl;Liuapy;
fhz;Nghk;.
gw;whf;Fiw Vd;?
fhLfs; mopf;fg;gLtjhy; kio nga;a Ntz;ba fhyj;jpy; nga;tjpy;iy. kf;fs;
njhif ngUf;fj;jpw;F vw;g ePH;epiyfs; ngUftpy;iy. fpilj;j ePiuAk; rhpahd Kiwapy;
ghJfhg;gjpy;iy. ,jdhy; Nfhilapy; fLk; twl;rp epyTfpwJ.
kioePh; Nrfhpg;G
epyj;jb ePH; tsk; Fiwe;J tpl;lJ. Nghjpa msT kioAk; nga;tjpy;iy. vdNt kio
nga;Ak; fhyj;jpy; kio ePiu Nrkpg;gJ mtrpak;. njhl;bfs; mikj;jy; ePH; epiyfis
Mog;gLj;Jjy;> Gjpa mizfisf; fl;Ljy; %yk; kio ePiu Nrkpf;fyhk;.
kioePh; Nrfhpf;Fk; Kiwfs;
kio ePiu ePNuhil %yk; jpUg;gp> MWfs; kw;Wk; Vupfspy; Nrkpf;fyhk;. Mo;Foha;f;
fpzWfs; Njhz;b mjd; %yk; Nrkpj;jy;. nkhl;il khbapy; nga;Ak; kio ePiu Foha; %yk;
nfhz;L te;J njhl;bapy; Nrkpf;f Nrkpf;fyhk;.
gad;fs;
epyj;jb ePh;kl;lk; caUk;> fly; ePH; epyg;gFjpapy; cl;Gfhky; jLf;Fk;. tptrhak;
rpwg;ghf eilngWk;. czT cw;gj;jp ngUFk;. vjph;fhy re;jjpapdhpd; jz;zPH; Njit
G+h;j;jpahFk;.
KbTiu
ePu;tsj;ijg; ghJfhg;gjhy; ek; tho;T tsk; ngWk;. kuq;fis tsh;g;gjhy; kio tsk;
ngUFk;. ,jdhy; jz;zPH; gw;whf;Fiw ePq;Fk;.
kioePiu Nrfhpg;Nghk; tUq;fhyj; jiyKiwiaf; fhg;Nghk;.

E}yfk;
Kd;Diu
~~Mwpy;yh CUf;F moF gho;||; vd;gJ gonkhop. ~~E}yfkpy;yh CUf;F mwpT gho;|| vd;gJ
GJnkhop. mz;zy; mk;Ngj;fu;> mwpQu; mz;zh Nghd;w Nkijfis cyfpw;F je;jJ E}yfNk
vdyhk;.
E}yfj;jpd; Njhw;wk;
kf;fs; jk; vz;zq;fshy; ,yf;fpaq;fSk;> ,yf;fzq;fSk; Njhd;w Muk;gpj;jd. mt;thW
Njhd;wpa E}y;fs; midtUf;Fk; gad;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf nghJ E}yfq;fs;
jpwf;fg;gl;ld.
E}yfj;jpd; NtW ngau;fs;
Gj;jfr;rhiy> Vlfk;> Rtbafk;> Rtbr;rhiy>
gz;lhuk; vd;gd E}yfj;jpd; NtW ngau;fshFk;.

thrfrhiy>

gbg;gfk;>

E}y;epiyak;>

nghJ E}yfj;Jiw
nghJ kf;fs; midtUk; gad; ngUk; tifapy; Cu;NjhWk; E}yfq;fs; mikf;fg;gl;ld.
1948Mk; Mz;L jkpof muR nrd;idg; nghJ E}yfjr; rl;lj;ij ,aw;wp> E}yfj;jpd; rPwhd
,af;fj;jpw;F tpj;jpl;lJ.
Nt.eQ;rFkhu;> m.k.Nk.ep.gs;sp> fpU\;zfpup

10 Mk; tFg;G

jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;

20

t
F
gs;sp E}yfk;
g
ehisa Nkijfs; ,d;iwa gs;spf; Foe;ijfs;. vdNt gs;sp khztu;fs; gad;ngWk;
;
tifapy; gs;spapNyNa ~~Gj;jfg; G+q;nfhj;J|| vd;Dk; tFg;giw E}yfk; nray;gl;L tUfpwJ.
G

www.Padasalai.Net

E}yfKk; gaDk;

,yf;fpak;> ,yf;fzk;> jpwdha;T> mwptpay;> kUj;Jtk;> fzpjk;> fzpdp> tuyhW> nghJ

mwpT vd gy;Jiw E}y;fSld; nra;jpj;jhs;fSk; E}yfj;jpy; fhzg;gLk;. mtw;iw tPl;bw;F
vLj;J nrd;W gbf;Fk; trjpAk; cs;sJ. khztu;fs; gy;Jiw mwpitAk; ngw;W tsu
,e;E}yfk; gaDs;sjhf ,Uf;Fk;.
KbTiu
~~mwpNt Mw;wy;|| me;j mwpTf;F E}yfNk Myak;. ,ij czu;e;jtu; tho;tpy; vd;Wk;
xspkak;.

capUs;stiu gbg;gNu cyfk; cs;stiu tho;fpwhu;

ehd; tpUk;Gk; ftpQu; (m) jiytu;

Kd;Diu
jha;ehl;bd; tpLjiyf;fhfTk;> jha; ehl;L kf;fspd; Jd;gj;ijg; Nghf;fTk; Nghuhba
jiyth;fSk; ftpQu;fSk; gyu;. mjpy; kfhftpahfTk; khngUk; jiytuhfTk; tpsq;fpa
ghujpahNu ehd; tpUk;Gk; jiytu;
gpwg;Gk; ,sikAk;
J}j;Jf;Fb khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s vl;ilaGuj;jpy; rpd;drhkp ,yf;Fkp ,izaUf;F kfdhf
11.12.1882 Mk; Mz;L ghujp gpwe;jhu;. ,sikapNyNa ige;jkpo; ghtyuha;j; jpfo;e;J ghujp
vd;Dk; gl;lk; ngw;whu;.
tpUk;gf; fhuzk;
~ghjfk; nra;gtiuf; fz;lhy; Nkhjp kpjpj;JtpL ghg;gh| vd;whu;. nfhLikfisf; fz;L
nfhjpj;njOe;jhu;. Vio kf;fSf;fhf ,uq;fpdhu;. tpbaiy Nehf;fpg; gazpj;jhu;. ,j;jifa
Fzq;fNs ehd; ghujpia tpUk;gf; fhuzkhapw;W.
tpLjiy Ntl;if
J}q;fpf; fple;j kf;fis jl;b vOg;gpdhu;. rhjpkj ghFghbd;wp midtUf;Fk; tpLjiy
czu;itj; J}z;bdhu;.
~~Mapuk; cz;bq;F rhjp vdpy;
me;epau; te;J Gfnyd;d ePjp|| vd tPu Kof;fkpl;lhu;.
ePL Japy; ePf;fg; ghb te;j epyh
,e;ehl;L kf;fspd; mwpahikia ePf;fg; ghb te;j epyh ghujp. rhjpf; nfhLikfis
fisa Ntz;;Lk; vd;whu;. ~khju; jk;ik ,opT nra;Ak; klikia nfhSj;JNthk;| vd;W
ngz;Zhpikf;fhf ghbdhu;.
jkpo;j;njhz;L
~~thopa nre;jkpo; tho;f ew;wkpou;|| vd jkpioAk; jkpo; kf;fisAk; Nghw;wpdhu;. ~~nre;jkpo;
ehnlDk; NghjpdpNy ,d;gj; Njd; te;J ghAJ fhjpdpNy|| vdg; ghb jkpopd; ,dpikia
cyfpw;F vLj;jpak;gpdhu;.
rKjhaj; njhz;L
~~jdpnahUtDf;F cztpy;iy nadpy;
rfj;jpid mopj;jpLNthk;||
vd;W rKjhaj;jpw;fhff; Fuy;nfhLj;jhu;.

Nt.eQ;rFkhu;> m.k.Nk.ep.gs;sp> fpU\;zfpup

10 Mk; tFg;G

21

jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;

t
F
g
edthf;FNthk;@
;
G

www.Padasalai.Net

KbTiu
~ghuj ehL ghu;f;nfy;yhk; jpyfk;|
tWikaw;w ghujj;ij cUthf;FNthk;.

vd;W

ghba

ghujpapd;

fdTfis

Njrpa xUikg;ghL
Kd;Diu
ehl;L kf;fs; midtUk; jq;fSf;Fs; ,Uf;Fk; NtWghLfis kwe;J xd;Wgl;L tho;tNj
Njrpa xUikg;ghlhFk;. ehl;L kf;fs; midtUk; xd;wpize;J ehl;bd; tsu;rr
; pf;fhf ghLgl
Ntz;Lk;. ek; ghuj ehL Njrpa xUikg;ghl;by; rpwe;J tpsq;Fk; ehL.
tpLjiy ,e;jpah
ek;
ehL
Mq;fpNyadpd;
Ml;rpapy;
gy
Mz;Lfs;
mbikg;gl;Lf;
fple;jJ.
Mq;fpNyadplkpUe;J jha;ehl;il kPl;nlLf;f Mapuf;fzf;fhd kf;fs; xd;Wgl;ldu;. kfhj;kh
fhe;jp> NeU> Nghd;w jiytu;fs; jiyikapy; ele;j Nghuhl;ljpy; ,e;jpah 1947Mk; Mz;L
Mf];l; 15Mk; ehs; tpLiyg; ngw;wJ.
Ntw;Wikapy; xw;Wik
tpLjiyg; ngw;w ,e;jpa G+kpapy; gy;NtW
tho;fpd;wdu;. NtWghLfs; Mapuk; ,Ue;jhYk;
nfhs;fpd;wdu;.

rhjp> ,d> kj> nkhop NgRk; kf;fs;

ehq;fs; ,e;jpau;fs; vd;W ngUikf;

ehl;bd; tsu;r;rp
xU ehl;bd; tsu;r;rpf;F fbd ciog;G kl;Lk; NghjhJ. kf;fspilNa xUikg;ghl;L
czu;Tk; tsu Ntz;Lk;. fy;tpapYk; nghUshjhuj;jpYk; midj;J kf;fSk; tsu;rr
; p ngWk;
NghJjhd; xU ehL tsu;rr
; p ngw;w ehlhf tpsq;f KbAk;.
xUikg;ghl;bd; mtrpak;
~xd;Wgl;lhy; cz;L tho;T| vd;ghu;fs;. ekf;Fs; ,Uf;Fk; xw;Wik FiwAk;NghJ kPz;Lk;
ehk; ngw;w chpikfis ,of;f NeupLk;. xUtUf;F xUtu; mbj;Jf;nfhz;L jq;fisj;
jhq;fNs mopj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; ,op epiy Vw;gLk;. vdNt xUikg;ghl;Lzu;T mtrpakhfpwJ.
Njrpa xUikg;ghl;by; khztu; gq;F
~,d;iwa khztu;fNs ehisa ghujj;jpd; tpbnts;spfs;. mj;jifa khztu;fspilNa
xw;Wik czu;T NkNyhq;fp ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ek; ehl;bd; kPJk; ehl;L kf;fspd; kPJk;
gw;Ws;stu;fshf tsuNtz;Lk;. Mw;wyhYk; mwpthYk; jq;fis Nkk;gLj;jpf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
KbTiu
tWikapy;yh tskhd ghujj;ij cUthf;FNthk;. td;KiwiaAk; jPtputhjj;ijAk;
NtWld; rha;g;Nghk;. mikjpia Nehf;fp gazk; nra;Nthk;. ekJ xw;Wikahy; ,e;j cyif
nty;Nthk;.

,izg;G

Nt.eQ;rFkhu;> m.k.Nk.ep.gs;sp> fpU\;zfpup

10 Mk; tFg;G

22

jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;

t
F
g
;
G

www.Padasalai.Net

NgNuL

ehs; :

tq;fpf;fzf;fpypUe;J gzk; vLf;Fk; gbtk; epug;Gjy;

gjpj;jtu;

&.

fzf;F itj;jpUg;gtu; ifnahg;gk;

tq;fpapy; gzk; nrYj;Jk; gbtk;

Njjp

Njjp

nrYj;Jk; fpis

nrYj;Jk; fpis

fzf;fpd; tif

fzf;fpd; tif
fzf;F vz;

fzf;F vz;

fzf;F itj;j pUg;g th; ngah;

fzf;F itj;j pUg;g th; ngah; &gha; vOj;j hy;

&gha; vOj;j hy;

mYtyf Kj;jpiu

nrYj;Jk; njhif

&.

ig

1000

500

100

nrYj;Jgtu; ifnahg;g k;

50
20

x
x

ngau;............................

10

Kftup..........................

njhiyNgrp vz;...............................

ehzak; x

tUkhd fzf;F vz;......................

nkhj;j k;

nrYj;Jk; njhif

&.

ig
fhrhsh;

fhrhsh;

Nkyhsh;

Nt.eQ;rFkhu;> m.k.Nk.ep.gs;sp> fpU\;zfpup

Nkyhsh;

gz tptuk;

10 Mk; tFg;G

23

jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;

20. njhlh;tz;b ,Uf;if Kd;gjpT gbtk; epug;Gjy;

tz;bapd; ngah;/vz; ____________________gazNjjp ______________
tFg;G _____________ gLf;if / cl;fhUk; vz;zpf;if _____________
Gwg;gLk; ,lk; _____________________ NrUk;,lk; __________________
VWk; ,lk; _____________________
t.vz;

ghy;Mz; / ngz;

ngah;

taJ

gazrYif cupik vz;;

Ie;J tajpw;Fl;gl;l Foe;ijfs; tptuk; (gazr;rPl;L toq;fg;gl;l khl;lhJ)

t.vz;

ngah;

ghy;

taJ

ifnahg;gk;
njhlu;gazk; / jpUk;Gk; gaz tptuq;fs;
tz;b vz; ngau; ................................................................................ gaz Njjp.....................................
tFg;G........................................ Gwg;gLk; ,lk;...........................................NrUk; ,lk;..............................
tpz;zg;gjhuu; ngau;..............................................................................................................................................
tpyhrk;..............................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................................................
njhiyNgrp vz;...............................................................
..............................................................

ifnahg;gk;

Nt.eQ;rFkhu;> m.k.Nk.ep.gs;sp> fpU\;zfpup

t
F
g
;
G

www.Padasalai.Net