Running head: Unit 5 Assignment

Unit 5 Assignment
Christine W. Mow
Kaplan University
HW499
Feb 10, 2015

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Unit 5 Assignment

Syllabus
Course Description
This course is designed to give an over view of Complementary and Alternative
Medicine. We will also look more in depth at mind-body modalities, massage and touch
therapies, aromatherapy and acupuncture. The population we focus on for these therapies are
senior adults with and without dementia and their care givers. I will be giving this course as in
service training at the assisted living community I work at as a director.
Course Outcomes: by the end of course, you should be able to:
1. Understand what CAM is and how it can improve personal wellness.
2. Understand how certain therapies are helpful in treating or preventing further health
decline.
3. Make personal decisions about the best treatments for current health concerns.
4. Dispel prejudices that may exist about non-conventional treatments.
Resources:
Main resource: Book Fundamentals of Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 4th
Ed., Micozzi, Marc S., Saunders Elsevier, St. Louis
University of Minnesota Center for Spirituality & Healing,
http://www.csh.umn.edu/free-online-learning-modules/index.htm
NIH National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, https://nccih.nih.gov/
Course Schedule
Class 1
Introduction to CAM
What is CAM?
Characteristics

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Issues
Social and cultural factors

Types of CAM
Mind, body and spirit
Manual therapies
Alternative Western therapies
Traditional ethno medical systems
Asia
Africa and the Americas
Local resources
Class 2: Mind-body and massage/touch therapy
Mind, body and spirit
Mind-body Modalities
History
Mind and immunity
Psychotherapy
Psychodynamic therapy
Behavior therapy
Cognitive therapy
Systems therapy
Supportive therapy
Body-oriented therapy
Relaxation

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Meditation
Hypnosis
Biofeedback
Guided Imagery
Mental Healing
Spirituality and healing

Massage and Touch Therapy

History
Benefits
Techniques
Class 3: Aromatherapy and Acupuncture
Aromatherapy
Foundation
Holistic
Medical
Clinical
Aesthetic
Clinical Applications: Elder Care
Safe Practices
Acupuncture
Background
Theory and practice
Benefits

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Styles
Chinese
Japanese
Korean
Western European
Safety

Lecture Notes
What is CAM?
Allopathic scientific healing art
Alternative nonscientific
CAM emphasizes wellness
Wellness an inner resource each person has that makes them an active
participant in their personal health giving them an internal balance.
The body is:
Self-healing, energy, and self-sickening
It can heal wounds; disruptions in energy flow cause illness, allergens
cause reaction, cold, flu, and fever.
Plants are vital to life for oxygen, phytochemicals, and essential oils.
Each person is unique.
Holism thought and practice
Issues:
Expense most not covered by health care insurance

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Multiple types of practices make it confusing

Lack of availability in a variety of providers.
Improper use of herbal medicines.
Social and cultural factors:
Belief that biomedicine or allopathic is the only way because it is proven.
CAM focuses on healing the whole person not just the eradication of the
disease.
Blood and organs house the soul those who believe will not take transfusions or
organ transplants.
Practitioners need to understand the culture to best treat the person.
Types of CAM
Mind, body, and spirit
Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)
Sympathetic and parasympathetic systems
Stress causes illness
Release of certain hormones effect immune system
Mind-Body Modalities discussed in depth later
Energy Medicine qi gong, reiki and therapeutic touch, magnetic therapy,
distant healing, light therapy, homeopathy
Biophysical devices: electro dermal screening, applied kinesiology, bio
resonance, radionics
Art therapy drawing, music, drama
Humor think Patch Adams, laughter is the best medicine

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Manual Therapy
Touch, massage, and manipulating the body, acupressure, jin shin do, Ayurvedic
manipulation, Lymph drainage, reflexology, and shiatsu
Osteopathic medicine human body/being can heal self, human is body, mind,
soul/spirit
Integrated systems body each system affects the others
Exercise, nutrition and emotions impact health
Chiropractic manual adjustment or manipulation of the spine
Reflexology focused pressure, feet and hands
Shiatsu finger pressure similar to massage
Alternative Western Therapies
Naturopathic Medicine living a life that is void of negative habits and relies on
nature for healing. Focus on prevention
Western herbalism use of plant material for food, medications, and health
promotion. Practitioners are herbalist and are trained and certified.
Aromatherapy essential oils to improve health and well-being
Homeopathy like cures like practitioners spend more time with patients, uses
less medications and saw more chronic conditions
Nutrition and hydration food and water as a form of healing or preventing
illness/disease
Traditional Ethno medical Systems:
Asia Traditional Chinese Medicine
Yin and Yang balance in the system

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5 Phases earth, metal, water, wood, fire

Qi subtle material and mobile influences maintain health and vitality
Acupuncture usually sharp needles used in specific areas to relieve illness/disease
Qi Gong energy based practice, based on Qi flow of air Gong perseverant practice
1) Dynamic or active, such as Tai chi or kung Fu
2) Meditative or passive movement of the diaphragm
Traditional Medicine of India:
Ayurvedic medicine of longevity
Earth, air, fire, water, space
Doshas forces in the human body that include the 5 elements and 7 dhatus
(tissues) and 3 malas (waste)
Vata wind --- air and space, kinetic energy
Pitta bile ---- fire and water, enzymes and hormones
Kapha/shleshman phlegm earth and water, cohesion and stability
Siddha matter composed of 2 primal forces
Shira (matter) and Skati (energy)
Zodiac signs express the connection between nature and humans
Unani Medicine based on physical laws, and nature not on superstition, balanced humor
Good health = 6 essential factors
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)

Fresh clean air

Food and drink
Movement and rest
Sleep and wakefulness
Eating and exercise
Healthy mental state

4 Humors in the blood stream

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2 secondary humors in the intercellular and intracellular

Blood, phlegm, yellow bile, black bile
Prerequisite/contributed to modern medicine
Yoga more than breathing techniques and posturing
Revealed wisdom of direct consciousness of divinity and reality
Uses meditation and intuition
Divine soul and human soul same nature of God, humanity and manifest universe
and the relationship between them.
Indigenous Knowledge Systems:
Southern African healing shaman as healer that is called and then works as an
apprentice during training.
Use dice type items called bones and drumming and dancing to diagnose
Native American Healing
Was once forbidden now making a comeback with sweat lodges, vision quest and
Sundances
South American Spiritism
Life continues after physical death and alternates between life and the afterlife.
Most common in Brazil where there are centers and a growing membership.
Latin American Curanderismo
Common in Mexican American communities in the US
Origins in Greek humoral medicine

Class 2: Mind-body and Massage/touch therapy

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Mind, body, and spirit

Mind-body Modalities
History
Dates back to Babylonia and ancient Sumer, Hippocrates
The Hippocratic symbol of the snake wrapped around a staff
represents the healing energy in each human that lies at the base of our spine and
the staff represents life.
Healing energy is used in multiple medical systems throughout the
world and history. Ancient Greeks used healing temples that patients traveled to
for treatment. Paracelsus, 16th century Renaissance Swiss physician that is
created as being the father of modern drug therapy and scientific medicine even
though he still felt the mind was vital in healing.
Science has started to prove that the past believes of the mind
affecting the health of the body is real.
Fundamental tenet treating the whole person
Mind-body therapies help improve psychological and medical
outcomes
Mind and Immunity
Psychoneuroimmunology the immune system is under the
influence of the mind
Introduced in 1981 by Robert Ader, experimental psychologist
Immune system can be trained

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Cancer is the most common disease that has experienced

spontaneous remission
Psychotherapy healing of the soul treating emotional and mental health
Psychodynamic therapy works to heal emotional issues developed in
childhood that still affects the person as an adult.
Also called interpretive therapy or expressive therapy
Behavior therapy focuses on changing a specific behavior, such as a
phobia
Cognitive therapy changing the underling habitual thoughts that create
bad habits or behaviors. Works well for treating depression or low-self esteem
Systems therapy relationship patterns that need to be changed such as
family or couple therapy
Supportive therapy helping those who are experiencing an intense
emotional crisis, maybe used with medications
Body-oriented therapy methods such as breath work, movement, and
manual pressure to release emotions causing tension in the body
Social support and group therapy are very important parts of the healing
process.
Relaxation
Stress causes illness and disease and people need to learn to manage it
effectively.
Meditation has shown to help reduce stress and help a person relax better.
The sympathetic response to stress is reduced with meditation.

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Exercise also helps to reduce the response to stress by decreasing anxiety

and depression.
Meditation
New research is showing that people with chronic illnesses tend to go to the
doctors office once they start meditation.
Origins in Asian religions, India, China, and Japan
Reduces stress on the mind and body
Self-directed practice
Focuses on a single thought or word for a specific amount of time
Eastern Techniques Transcendental meditation
Origins in India
Repeat a mantra (word or phrase) and sit in a comfortable position
Western Techniques Mindfulness Meditations
Initially used to help chronic illnesses or pain and stress induced illnesses
Distractions are focused on to create greater awareness and wisdom
Admission of stress, pain, anger, frustration, disappointment and
insecurity produces healing.
As thoughts arise the patient acknowledges, observe, and move on.

Hypnosis
Used to treat skin conditions in the early days
Used most often now for IBS, preoperative and postoperative therapy, pain
control, dentistry, pregnancy and delivery, anxiety, allergies and asthma

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Biofeedback
Use of special instruments and methods to increase the bodys feedback abilities
Helps people to learn to change the way they think
Showing effective with conditions of irregular brain waves
Ex: Epilepsy, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Common forms:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Electromyographic biofeedback
Thermal biofeedback therapy
Electro dermal activity therapy
Finger pulse therapy
Breathing biofeedback therapy

Guided Imagery
Memory is a form
Helpful in reprograming thought processes
Self-directed imagery helps with personal growth
Other forms of Mind-body Modalities
Mental Healing nonlocality in healing
Spirituality and healing power of prayer
Combined Approaches

Massage and Touch Therapies

History
Existed for thousands of years
Hippocrates taught manipulation
China also used a form
Benefits

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Manipulate the connective tissues to improve the flow of blood and lymphatic
drainage.
The techniques of massage go in the direction of the heart.
Techniques
Effleurage most common, used initially in treatment
Petrissage more intense, uses the fingers and thumb to milk the fascia
Friction deepest technique
Tapotement percussing of the tissue with rapid, repeated blows, does not
produce bruising
Vibration most difficult technique for hands, machines often used
Class 3: Aromatherapy and Acupuncture
Aromatherapy Foundation
1937 French perfumer and chemist, along with two other pioneers created with
the resurgent interest in essential oils.
Essential oils are the basis
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) defines strict criteria

Holistic
Combined with massage using vegetable oil or lotion
Client participates in deciding on the essential oils to use
Essential oils are blended together
It takes four to six sessions for treatment
Balance of mind-body is vital during consultation

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Use at home and self-care is vital between sessions

Medical
Mainly in European countries where it is licensed for practice
Growing in other countries and being used by other CAM practitioners
Characterized:
Essential oils are prescribed for multiple types of aliments
Administered topical, oral, sublingual, rectal, vaginal, and inhalation
Dosages tend to be higher than holistic
Used in combination with other active agents and administered by self not
practitioner
Pharmacological activity more important than aroma
Final formulation considers all the active ingredients
Practitioner decides the essential oils, not the patient
Risk is from administration method
Clinical
Aromatherapy used alongside mainstream medicine
Characteristics:
Holistic approach
Brief and specific interventions
Topical or inhalation administration, other methods rare
Trained practitioner works as part of regular health care
Care givers and family involved in care
Works with other health professionals

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Aesthetic
Use in cosmetics
Spas often use pre-blended commercial products
Clinical Applications: Elder Care
Shown to improve dementia related behaviors
Reduces agitation
Modifying behavior
Providing stimulation and social interaction
Assisting in orientation
Could reduce the need for medications
Improve sleep patterns
Pain management
Lavender proven effective at reducing dementia-related agitation
Black pepper and lavender could improve posture and balance, decrease falls
Black pepper and menthol improve/stimulate swallowing
Safe Practices
Over exposure can cause contact dermatitis
Allergic reactions from frequent use
Oxidation of oils or other ingredients
Drug interactions
Acupuncture
Background
Yin the body, soft, organic, expansive and complex

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Yang needle, sharp, metallic, focused and intrusive

System of ideas, relationship and practices
Based in Traditional Chinese Medicine
Can be used in conjunction with moxibustion
Moxibustion burning dried or powered leaves of Artemisia
vulgaris, near or on the skin to move the qi
Channels and networks carry qi, blood and body fluids in body
Benefits
Channels serve for:
Transporting
Regulating
Protecting and diagnosing
Therapy
Integrating
Removing evil
Pain relief
Stress relief
Improve mental disorders
Styles
Chinese
TCM
Daoist acupuncture Daoist physicians
Japanese

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Wide variety of schools and systems
No set standard
Commonly shared practices with Chinese

Korean
Five-phase theory
Koryo sooji chim hand and finger acupuncture
Tiny needles put into hands at specific points using
specialized tools
Needles stimulate channel pathways in the body
Western European Traditions and Style
Medical acupuncture practiced by a licensed physician
Dry needling done with hypodermic needles inserted into trigger
points not acupuncture needles
French Energetic Acupuncture
Rooted in classic Chinese acupuncture theory
Qi = energy

Five-Element Acupuncture
J. R. Worsley influenced by Hong Kong, Taiwan and Japan
Blends elements of Japanese acupuncture
Meridian therapy and akabane
Safety
Few complications associated

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Minor issues:
Bleeding or bruising
Pain
Transient nerve damage
Tiredness
Serious issues:
Organ puncture
Infection
Spinal lesions
Syncope

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References

Micozzi, M. S. (2011). Fundamentals of complementary and alternative medicine. St. Louis, MI:
Saunders Elsevier.