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Page 1
Explain why the geologic age of these rock layers could not be accurately dated using carbon-14.
3. What percentage of Earth's history represents human
existence?
A) less than 1.0%
C) 23.5%
B) 1.8%
D) more than 98.6%
B)
C)
D)
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Freeport sandstone
Dunbar limestone, but before formation of Erie coal
Gayle shale
Erie coal, but before formation of Freeport
sandstone
B) oxygen
D) nitrogen
meteor showers
melting of glacial ice
volcanic eruptions
evaporation of seawater
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11. Which method would provide the most reliable evidence for the idea that layer J was deposited at the same
time in each location?
A)
B)
C)
D)
B) G and J, only
D) J, only
B) uranium-238
D) rubidium-87
climatic changes
absolute dating techniques
fossil evidence
seismic data
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17. The index fossil shown below has been found in New
York State sedimentary bedrock.
B)
C)
D)
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B
A
C
D
D B) C
B D) A
D
C
A
B
B
D
B)
C)
D)
Page 6
On the map, place an X at a location where the gastropod fossil Platyceras might be found in the surface
bedrock.
21. Approximately 2.2 billion years ago, which gas was
first added in large amounts to Earths atmosphere from
life-forms that evolved in the oceans?
A) carbon dioxide
C) oxygen
B) water vapor
D) nitrogen
Page 7
State the evidence shown by the block diagram that supports the inference that the fault is older than the
rhyolite.
23. When did dinosaurs become extinct?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Page 8
Describe one characteristic of volcanic ash layers and index fossils that makes both of them good geologic
time markers.
28. Base your answer to the following question on the cross sections below, which represent two bedrock
outcrops 15 kilometers apart. The rock layers have been numbered for identification and some contain the
index fossil remains shown.
Evidence best indicates that rock layers 4 and 8 were deposited during the same geologic period because
both layers
A) contain the same index fossil
C) contain index fossils of the same age
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B) uranium-238
D) potassium-40
B) 50%
D) 12.5%
B)
C)
D)
Newark Lowlands
Adirondack Mountains
Allegheny Plateau
Tug Hill Plateau
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B) Cambrian
D) Cretaceous
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Answer Key
Earth History
1.
2.
D
Carbon-14 has a
short half-life. These
rock layers are too old
to contain measurable
carbon-14.
Carbon-14 is used to
date recent remains.
No organic material
remains in the rock.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
3.
29.
4.
30.
5.
31.
6.
32.
7.
33.
8.
34.
9.
35.
10.
36.
11.
37.
12.
38.
13.
39.
14.
40.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
X is within the
Middle Devonian
zone or the Early and
Middle Devonian
zone located
northwest of New
York City.
C
The intrusion has
not been broken and
offset. The igneous
rhyolite cuts across
the fault.
B
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