Problems in the Health Care

System

Presented by : Rawshan

Zannat

History
Between 1960 and today the United States saw a 49-fold increase to over
$7,200 in the amount of money spent per capita on health care,
The economic burden of health costs increased from about 5% to 16% of the
gross domestic product (NCHS, 2009).
In Canada and most European countries, per capita health costs are now at
about 8% to 10% of their gross domestic products (WHO, 2009).

Cont..
Main health problems
Chronic diseases

Detection occur?
Improved diagnostic methods and technology
People have changed.

Because

Aware of sign and symptoms of illness

Motived to take care of health
Better able to afford visits to physician.

Problem

Medical cost continue to rise rapidly

Too Much Unnecessary Care
Avoidable Harm to Patients
Billions of Dollars are Being Wasted
Lack of Transparency

The Person in heath and

illness
Factors
Lifestyle and illness
Personality and illness

Lifestyle and illness

Risk factor
Biological- inherited certain genes
Behavioral- smoke cigarettes

McGinnis-1994

Heart diseasesmoking, high dietary cholesterol, obesity, and lack of exercise.

Cancersmoking, high alcohol use, and diet.
Strokesmoking, high dietary cholesterol, and lack of exercise.
COPD (chronic lung diseases, e.g., emphysema)smoking.
Accidents (including motor vehicle)alcohol/drug use and not using seat belts. (ACS,
2009; AHA, 2010; NCHS,2009a; USBC, 2010)

Personality and illness

Ulcer- worries?
Migraine headaches- anxious?

Cont.
Kern & Friedman, 2008; Terracciano et al., 2008).
Low levels of conscientiousness- heart disease, cancer
High levels of positive emotions- heart disease
High levels of anxiety, depression, hostility, or pessimism- heart
disease

Cohen & Rodriguez-1995

personality and illness is not a oneway street: illness can affect ones
personality, too.