82201Digestion.

notebook

March07,2015

Unit3
Maintaining Dynamic Equilibrium

Review
Digestivesystem
Challenge
Conclusions

Oct113:27PM

DigestiveSystem
Ourclumpsoffoodmustbebrokendown
andmovedtoallpartsofthebody.
Thedigestivesystemisresponsibleforthe
breakingdownandthecirculatorysystemforthe
movement.

Apr184:24PM

82201Digestion.notebook

March07,2015

DigestiveSystem
Breakingdownlargeplantandanimalpartshappensin
twostages:
1.Mechanicaldigestion
Animalsandplantsarephysicallybrokenintosmaller
piecesbytools,ourhandsandteeth.

2.Chemicaldigestion
Specialchemicals,includingproteinscalled
enzymes,breakapartchemicalbondstoproduce
verysmallpieces.
Thesepiecescanthenbetakenintothecells
anduseddirectlyorbrokendownfurther.

Apr225:19PM

Assignment

PartA
Listthelocationandfunctionsofthefollowing
partsofthedigestivesystem:
1.Salivaryglands
2.Stomach
3.Liver
4.Pancreas
5.Gallbladder
6.Largeintestine
7.Smallintestine
PartB
Trace/explainthemovementofamealfroma
platetothebloodstream.

Apr225:23PM

82201Digestion.notebook

March07,2015

Apr225:23PM

Nutrientsp.354358
Nutrientsarecompoundsneededbythebody
forsurvival.
Somenutrientscanbemadebyourcells.
Essentialnutrients:nutrientsthatMUSTbe
ingested.(cannotbemade)
Essentialnutrientsarenotmoreimportantthan
othernutrients,butitisessentialthatourdiet
containthem.

Apr225:24PM

82201Digestion.notebook

March07,2015
Nutrients
Nutrientscanbegroupedinto6majorcategories:
1.Carbohydrates
Thesearelongchainsofsugarandareusedas
sourcesofenergy.

2.Fats(Lipids)
Thesecanbeusedassourcesofenergy,butsome
areimportantbuildingblocksofcells(i.e.membrane).

3.Protein
Thesearechainsofsmallermoleculescalled
aminoacids.
Theaminoacidscanbeusedtoformdifferent
proteinsneededbythebody(i.e.enzymes).

4.Minerals
Thesearemetalsneededbythebodyfor
enzymesandbone(i.e.calcium).

5.Vitamins
Thesearefatlikeorganiccompoundsthat
areneededforcertainmetabolicreactions.

6.Water
Itisthebaseofbodilyfluids(suchasblood
plasma).
Waterisimportantinbreakingdownandthe
creationofothermolecules
a)Hydrolysisreaction:Waterisusedtobreak
apartlargemolecules
b)Dehydrationsynthesis:Removingwaterin
ordertocombinetwomolecules

Apr225:24PM

Review

Apr225:23PM

82201Digestion.notebook

March07,2015
Nutrients
Nutrientscanbegroupedinto6majorcategories:

1.Carbohydrates
Thesearelongchainsofsugarandareusedas
sourcesofenergy.

2.Fats(Lipids)
Thesecanbeusedassourcesofenergy,butsome
areimportantbuildingblocksofcells(i.e.membrane).

3.Protein
Thesearechainsofsmallermoleculescalled
aminoacids.
Theaminoacidscanbeusedtoformdifferent
proteinsneededbythebody(i.e.enzymes).

4.Minerals
Thesearemetalsneededbythebodyfor
enzymesandbone(i.e.calcium).
5.Vitamins
Thesearefatlikeorganiccompoundsthat
areneededforcertainmetabolicreactions.

Apr225:24PM

DisordersoftheDigestiveSystemp.368370
Therearemanydiseasesanddisordersofthe
digestivesystem.Wewillfocuson3:
1.Ulcers
Hydrochloricacidispresentinthestomach.
Usuallythestomachwallisprotectedfromthisby
alayerofmucus.
Sometimesthewallofthestomachisdamagedby
theacid.
Thisresultsinanulcer.
Theformationofulcershasbeenlinkedtoa
typeofbacteria,dietandstress.
Treatmentofulcersincludesantibiotics,drugsto
reducetheamountofstomachacid,andremovalof
partofthestomach.

Apr2410:23AM

82201Digestion.notebook

March07,2015

DisordersoftheDigestiveSystem
2.Gallstones
Sometimescholesterolinbileforms
crystals.
Thesecangrowinsizeandformgallstones.
Formationofgallstonesislinkedtodietand
heredity.
Treatmentincludesmedicationtolower
cholesterol,changingdiet,andultrasonic
shockwaveswhichbreakupthecrystals.

Apr2411:52AM

DisordersoftheDigestiveSystem
3.Ileitis/colitis
Bothoftheseconditionsareinflammationofthe
digestivetract.
Ileitis(cronh'sdisease)isinflammationofthe
smallintestineandcolitisofthelargeintestine.
Theconditionshavebeenlinkedtoproblemswith
theimmunesystemandheredity.
Symptomsincludeabdominalpain,diarrhea,and
intestinalbleeding
Treatmentincludesmedicationforpainand
removalofpartoftheintestine.

Apr2411:52AM

82201Digestion.notebook

March07,2015
Challenge
Readpages372373.
Distinguishbetweenanorexiaandbulimia.

Apr2411:53AM

Conclusions?

Apr164:15PM

82201Digestion.notebook

March07,2015

Howarethetwobasicgasexchange
requirementsmetbythemammalian
lung?

Apr164:14PM