PRONOMBRES

PERSONALES

ADJETIVOS
POSESIVOS

I (yo)

MY (mi)

YOU (t)

YOUR (tu)

HE (l)

HIS (su)

SHE (ella)

HER (su)

IT (eso)

ITS (su)

WE (nosotros)

OUR (nuestro)

YOU (vosotros)

YOUR (vuestro)

THEY (ellos)

THEIR (su)

FORMACIN DEL PLURAL

TO BE (ser o estar)

Como regla general se aade una S

Se aade ES cuando la palabra termina en S, Z, CH, X, SH, O
Cuando la palabra termina en CONSONANTE + Y, cambiamos la Y por I +ES
Cuando la palabra termina en VOWEL + Y aadimos S
Cuando la palabra termina en F o FE, cambiamos F / FE por V y aadimos ES

Book bookS
Kiss kissES
Lady ladIES
Toy toyS
Wife wiVES

Man
Woman
Mouse
Tooth
Child
Person
Foot

PLURALES IRREGULARES

Men
Women
mice
Teeth
children
people
Feet

AFIRMATIVA

NEGATIVA

PREGUNTA

SHORT
ANSWERS

I AM sad

I AM NOT sad

AM I sad?

Yes, you are

No, you arent

He / she / It

She IS sad

She ISNT sad

IS she sad?

Yes, she is
No, she isnt

We / You /
They

They ARE sad

They ARENT sad

ARE they sad?

HAVE GOT (tener)

AFIRMATIVA
He / she / It
I / We / You / They

NEGATIVA

Yes, they are

No, they arent

THIS THAT THESE THOSE

PREGUNTA

She HAS GOT

She HASNT GOT

HAS he GOT?

They HAVE GOT

They HAVENT GOT

HAVE you GOT?

A AN THE

CERCA

LEJOS

SINGULAR

This

That

PLURAL

These

Those

SHORT ANSWERS
Yes, she has
No, she hasnt
Yes, they have
No, they havent

THERE IS THERE ARE A AN SOME ANY

Si nombramos un sustantivo
por primera vez

A + consonante
AN + vocal

La segunda vez que

nombramos un sustantivo

THE

Ex. I read A book. THE book is called El

Principito

SINGULAR

AFIRMATIVA

NEGATIVA

PREGUNTA

SHORT ANSWERS

THERE IS A + consonante

THERE ISNT A + consonante

IS THERE A + consonante?

YES, THERE IS
NO, THERE ISNT

THERE IS AN + vocal

THERE ISNT AN + vocal

IS THERE AN + vocal?

INCONTABLE

THERE IS SOME salt

THERE ISNT ANY salt

IS THERE ANY salt?

PLURAL

THERE ARE SOME books

THERE ARENT ANY books

ARE THERE ANY books?

YES, THERE ARE

NO, THERE ARENT

A AN SOME ANY
SINGULAR

INCONTABLE o
PLURAL
AFFIRMATIVE

PRESENT

He / she / it

AFIRMATIVA

NEGATIVA

PREGUNTA

A + consonante

A + consonante

A + consonante?

AN + vocal

AN + vocal

AN + vocal?

SOME salt

ANY salt

ANY salt?

SOME books

ANY books

ANY books?

NEGATIVE
She DOESNT VISIT

QUESTION
DOES she VISIT?

SHORT ANSWERS
Yes, she DOES

REGLAS AL AADIR S ( he she- it )

Regla general = -S
Work = Works

No, she DOESNT

She VISITS

S, sh, x, o, ch, z = -ES

Vocal + Y = -S

Watch = watches
Play = plays

Consonante + Y = IES

Study = studies

(Ver cambios al aadir s)

SIMPLE
I / We / you / they

We VISIT

We DONT VISIT

AFFIRMATIVE
I

I AM EATING

Yes, you DO

DO we VISIT?

NEGATIVE

QUESTION

I AM NOT EATING

AM I EATING?

EXPRESIONES TEMPORALES
Always usually sometimes often never
on Mondays (das de la semana) // in winter
In the morning / afternoon / evening // At night
every day / week / month
Once a day / week / month
Twice a day / week / month
Three times a day / week month

No, we DONT

SHORT ANSWERS
Yes, YOU ARE
REGLAS AL AADIR ing

No, YOU ARENT

Regla general = + ing

Terminan en e (pierde e)

PRESENT
CONTINUOUS

He / she / it

We / you / they

She IS EATING

They ARE EATING

She ISNT EATING

They ARENT EATING

We
you
they

No, SHE ISNT

Cons + voc + cons (duplica

consonante)

Yes, THEY ARE

ARE they EATING?

PASADO DEL VERBO TO BE (was / were)

I
he
she
it

Yes, SHE IS

IS she EATING?

No, THEY ARENT

Work = Working
Dance = dancing
Stop = stopping
*visiting / opening /
listening
Play = playing

Vocal + Y = +ing
Consonante + Y = +ing
Study = studying
(mantiene la Y)
EXPRESIONES TEMPORALES
Now, at the moment, right now, at present,
this evening, today, look!, listen!

THERE WAS / THERE WERE

AFIRMATIVA

NEGATIVA

PREGUNTA

SHORT ANSWERS

She WAS

She WASNT

WAS she ?

Yes, she WAS

No, she WASNT

AFIRMATIVA
SINGULAR

NEGATIVA

PREGUNTA

THERE WAS A + cons.

THERE WASNT A + cons.

WAS THERE A + cons?

THERE WAS AN + vocal

THERE WASNT AN + vocal

WAS THERE AN + vocal?

SHORT ANSWERS

Yes, there WAS

They WERE

They WERENT

I / she / he / it

WERE they ...?

Yes, they WERE

No, they WERENT

AFFIRMATIVE
Regular -ed
Irregular (lista)

No, there WASNT

INCONTABLE

THERE WAS SOME salt

THERE WASNT ANY salt

WAS THERE ANY salt?

PLURAL

THERE WERE SOME books

THERE WERENT ANY books

WERE THERE ANY books?

NEGATIVE
She DIDNT work

QUESTION
DID she work?

SHORT ANSWERS
Yes, she DID

Yes, there WERE

No, there WERENT

REGLAS AL AADIR ED

PASADO
SIMPLE

we/ you / they

WORKED

WROTE

She DIDNT write

DID she write?

Regla general = ed
Terminacin en e
Cons + voc + cons
(duplica consontante)
Vocal + Y = ed
Consonante + Y = ied

No, she DIDNT

Work = Worked
Dance = danced
Stop = stopped
*visited / opened / listened
Play = plays
Study = studied

EXPRESIONES TEMPORALES
Last night / week / month / year
Yesterday / In 1999 / In May***
Two months AGO (hace dos meses)
When I was a child

VERBOS IRREGULARES
PRESENTE
Be
Become
Break
Buy
Come
Do
Drink

PASADO
Was / were
Became
Broke
bought
Came
did
drank

PRESENTE
Drive
Eat
Give
Go
Have
know
leave

PASADO
Drove
Ate
Gave
Went
had
knew
Left

PRESENTE
Make
Meet
read
Ride
Run
Say
See

PASADO
made
Met
read
rode
Ran
Said
saw

PRESENTE
sell
Send
Sing
sleep
Speak
Steal
Swim

BE GOING TO
AFIRMATIVA
I
He
She
It
We
you
they

NEGATIVA

SHORT
ANSWERS

I AM GOING TO + V

I AM GOING TO + V

I AM GOING TO + V

She IS GOING TO + V

She IS GOING TO + V

She IS GOING TO + V

Yes, she is
No, she isnt

They ARE GOING TO + V

PRESENTE
Take
Teach
Think
Wake
wear
Win
Write

PASADO
took
Taught
Thought
woke
wore
won
Wrote

CAN CANT MUST MUSTNT

PREGUNTA

Yes, you are

No, you arent

They ARE GOING TO + V

PASADO
Sold
Sent
Sang
Slept
Spoke
Stole
Swam

They ARE GOING TO + V

Yes, they are

No, they arent

CAN

I can swim
(saber)

You cant swim

(no saber)

I must study
(debes)

You mustnt smoke

(no debes)

Yes, she CAN

No, she CANT
Can she swim?

MUST
Must I help?

Yes, she MUST

No, she MUSNT