Insect Pests Of Brinjal

By Nandana N Kumara
 Brinjal
Family -Solanaceae
Genus -Solanum
Species -S.melongena

Common names- Brinjal/egg Plant

plant /aubergine/
(Sn- wambatu)
Plants with close relationship-
Tomato/potato
Fruit

Flower

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 Brinjal shoot and pod borer
Classification
Phylum -Arthropoda
Class -Insecta
Order -Lepidoptera
Family -Pyralidae
Eg -Leucinodes orbonalis

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 Brinjal shoot and pod borer
Distribution
Malaysia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, India, Pakistan, Germany
and East Africa

Crops that can be attacked

Brinjal

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 Brinjal shoot and pod borer
Life history
Eggs
• Eggs are spindle in shape and creamy white in color.
• Adult female lays 80-120 eggs in singly or in batches.
• scattered on the under side of leaves or on green stems
• Incubation period is 3-5 days.
Larva
• Larva is a reddish brown caterpillar (creamy white in early instars).
• It has dark brown tubercles arranged in rows
• Head is shiny brown with a black thoracic shield
• 5 larval instars present.
• Larval period is 11-13 days

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 Brinjal shoot and pod borer
Life history cont’d
Pupa
• Pupa is within a leathery brown cocoon on the outside of the fruit,
stem or the ground
• pupa is brownish in color
• pupal period is 11-13 days.
Adult
• Wings of adult are white with a pinkish tinge.
• Distinct dark brown markings on fore wings.
• Apical and anal margins of wings have hairs.
• Some light brown patches are present on the surface of the wings.

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 Brinjal shoot and pod borer
Life cycle

Eggs (leaf surface) Larva (burrows into fruit)

Adult (flying) Pupa (outside of fruits)

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 Brinjal shoot and pod borer
Damage
• Damage is done by larva.
• Larva bores into and feeds on the stem and fruits.
• One larva can damage 4-6 fruits.

Damage symptoms
• The attacked shoots wilt and hang down.
• These shoots have tiny holes with extrudations of yellowish or
brown faecal matter.
• The attacked fruits have black circular openings covered with frass.

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 Brinjal shoot and pod borer
Control
Cultural methods
Remove and destroy affected shoots and fruits
Avoid continuous cropping of Brinjal

Chemical methods
Spray, one of following chemicals in 625L of water per hectare.
2 L of Endosulfan 35 EC
2 L of Quinalphos 25 EC
1.25 L of Triazophos 40 EC
2 Kg of Carbaryl 50 WP
400 ml of Decamethrin 2.8 EC
Repeated use of the same insecticide should be avoided to prevent
development of resistance in the pest. 9
 Brinjal shoot and pod borer
Images

Eggs 0.7mm

Larva 14mm Pupa and pupal cocoon

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 Brinjal shoot and pod borer
Images

Adult 26mm

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 Brinjal shoot and pod borer
Images

Damage and damage symptoms

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 Lady bird beetle
Classification
Phylum -Arthropoda
Class -Insecta
Order -Coleoptera
Family -Coccinellidae
Eg -Epilachna indica (there are several species)

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 Lady bird beetle
Distribution
Wide spreaded
• Serious pest in Africa and north America
• Present in Sri Lanka

Crops that can be attacked

Highly Polyphagous
• Brinjal and other solanaceous plants
• Almost every cucurbit
• Some legumes
• Graminaceous plants and may other plants

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 Lady bird beetle
Life history
Eggs
• Eggs are yellowish in color.
• Elongated-oval in shape
• 0.5mm in length
• Laid in clusters on the underside of the leaves
• Each female lays about 12 clusters having an average of 22
eggs
• Incubation period is 3-4 days
 Lady bird beetle
Life history cont’d
Larva
• Larva is yellowish in color with a dark head.
• bears a series of tubercles covered with branched spines
• Larval period is 14-19 days.
Pupa
• Pupation takes place on the leaves.
• Pupa is yellowish white in color
• Distinct dark brown markings present on the abdomen
 Lady bird beetle
Life history cont’d
Adult
• Adult is hemispherical in shape.
• Reddish brown in color
• Covered with fine short setae
• 12 black spots on elytra.

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 Lady bird beetle
life cycle
Eggs (on leaf surfaces) Larva (on leaf surfaces)

Adult (flying in the field) Pupa (on leaf surfaces)

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 Lady bird beetle
Damage
• Damage is done by Both adults and larvae
• Adults feed on the upper epidermis resulting in transparent
markings.
• Larvae feed on leaves by nibbing the upper and lower epidermal
surfaces.

Damage symptoms
• Rows of transparent, crescent shape and scorched patches can be
seen on leaves.
• These patches become brownish later.

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 Lady bird beetle
Control
• In home gardens hand picking and destroying of life
stages can be done
Chemical control
Spraying of
• Trichlofon
• Dieldrin
• Malathion

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 Lady bird beetle
Images

Eggs 0.5mm Larva 6-7 mm Pupa 6mm

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 Lady bird beetle
Images

Adult 6-8mm

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 Lady bird beetle
Images

Damage and damage symptoms

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 Lace winged bug
Classification
Phylum -Arthropoda
Class -Insecta
Order -Heteroptera
Family -Tingidae
Eg -Urentius echinus (or Urentius hystricellus)

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 Lace winged bug
Distribution
India and Sri Lanka

Crops that can be attacked

Brinjal

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 Lace winged bug
Life history
Eggs
• Shiny white in colour
• Female lays 35-40 eggs singly in the leaf tissues of lower
surface.
• Incubation period is 3-12 days.
Nymph
• Nymphs are pale yellow in color
• prominent spines present on the body.
• 2mm in length and 1.35 in width
• crawl down to the under surface of leaves and live near
the mid rib.
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 Lace winged bug
Life history cont’d
Adults
• Adults are small bugs of 3mm in length
• Pronotum and hemi elytra are reticulated. (lace like)
• Wings are brownish, but head , thorax and abdomen are
black.
• Body is flat and shiny.
• There are several overlapping generations within a year.

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 Lace winged bug
Life cycle
Eggs (in tissues of the lower surface of leaves)

Nymphs (on lower surface of leaves)

Adults (on lower and upper surfaces of the leaves)

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 Lace winged bug
Damage
• Damage is done by both adults and nymphs.
• They suck the sap from leaves.

Damage symptoms
• Attacked leaves have yellowish patches near the mid rib.
• Nymphal cases and frass can be seen on the underside of the
leaves.

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 Lace winged bug
Control
Chemical control
• Apply any of following dissolved in 625 L for 1ha
• 625ml of Diazinon 20 EC
• 1L of Dimethoate 30 EC
• Systemic insecticides like Carbofuran and Carbaryl are
also effective

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 Lace winged bug
Images

Adults 3mm

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 Lace winged bug
Images

Nymphs 2mm

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 Lace winged bug
Images

Damage and damage symptoms

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 Brinjal Grey Weevil
Classification
Phylum -Arthropoda
Class -Insecta
Order -Coleoptera
Family -Curculionidae
Eg -Myllocerus viridanus

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 Brinjal Grey Weevil
Distribution
India and Sri Lanka

Crops that can be attacked

Brinjal

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 Brinjal Grey Weevil
Life history
Eggs
• Ovoid in shape
• Light yellowish in color
• Eggs are laid in soil
• Hatch in 3-5 days
Larva
• Larva is white in color
• Legless
• Cylindrical in shape
• 8mm in size
• Completes development in 1-2 months

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 Brinjal Grey Weevil
Life history cont’d
Pupa
Larva pupate in soil inside earthen cells.
It is a typical coleopteran pupa
Pupa is creamy white in color
Pupal period is 1 week

Adult
Adult is a grayish weevil.
3-6mm long
life span is 1-4 months
Breeds 3-4 times a year

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 Brinjal Grey Weevil
Life cycle
Eggs (under ground) Larva (under ground)

Adult (flying in the field) Pupa (under ground)

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 Brinjal Grey Weevil
Damage
• Damage is done by adults and larva
• Larva feeds on underground roots
• Adults feed on leaves, buds, flowers

Damage symptoms
• Young seedlings may wilt and die due to the larval feeding on roots.
• Prominent round holes can be seen on leaves, buds and flowers.

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 Brinjal Grey Weevil
Control
Cultural methods
• Plough into a depth of 7.5cm
Chemical methods
• Spray 2.5 kg of Carbaryl 50 wp in 375 liters of water per
hectare.
• Systemic insecticide like carbofuran are also effective.

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 Brinjal Grey Weevil
Images

Larva 8mm

Pupa

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 Brinjal Grey Weevil
Images

Adult 3-6mm
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 Brinjal Grey Weevil
Images

Damage and damage symptoms

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References

• Atwal, A.S. & G.S. Dhaliwal (1997). Agricultural Pests of South Asia
and Their Management. Kalyan Publishers, New Delhi.
• Hill, D.S. (1979).Agricultural Insect Pests of the Tropics and Their
Control. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
• http://www.avrdc.org/LC/eggplant/epilachna.html
• http://student.biology.arizona.edu/honors2002/group10/181H.html
• http://creatures.ifas.ufl.edu/veg/bean/mexican_bean_beetle.htm
• http://www.agriculture.gov.bn/website2003/ninformation/fact30.htm
• http://www.doacs.state.fl.us/pi/enpp/ento/weevil-pest-alert.html
• http://www.aphorticulture.com/Brinjal.htm
• http://ecoport.org/ep?SearchType=pdb&PdbID=31345&pictureType=PH&subjectType=
• http://ecoport.org/ep?searchType=entityTaxonSearch&taxonName=Urentius
• http://www.koleopterologie.de/heteroptera/2cimi1/tingidae-urentius-chobauti-foto-guent

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Thank you for your attention!

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