2008 'A' Level

H2 Physics P2 - Suqgested Solutions

1(aXi) Taking downwards as positive

u =0
s=32m
a=9.81ms']

y =.12" g 61"32 = 25 1rn sl

1(aXii)

34msl
Vv= 25 1

sine =ii l
34
e= 47.6"

1(b) , dD

', dt
dv
dt
34-20
= 0.'130 x
0.95
= 4.38 N

1(c) lf a large splash is created, signiflcant proportion of The terminal velacity which
energy possessed by the stone wi be transferred to the stone will rcach is the
kinetjc energy and potential energy of the water (also Iowest constant velocitv.
as sound).
This is
unlike an object
.. rernainlng energy of stone upon entering the sea drcpped from a height, which
will be reduced (i.e. slowed down in a shorter will
also attain teminal
distance) velocity. this case, the ln
terminal velocity is the hiqhest
constant velocitv.

2(al For SHM, a .r -r,-r2x, where c0 is a constant.

'Directly ptopotlional' is only
used when the straight line
passes thtough the arigin.
Since graph is a straight line with a negative gradient,

and it also passes through the origin,

lf the straight line has a
constant qradient but does not
the osc .alions o' lhe plate a'e simple l'a mo'r'c

1Jl-a!le
 pass through the oigin, we
say that it is 'prapoftional'.

2(bxi) 9.81 m s', downwards.

This loss of contact will take place when the plate

nloves downwards frorn maximum displacement
(where acceleration is a maximum).

When downwards acceleration of the plate is greater

than that of free fall, the normal contact force on the
sand will be zero.

2(bxii) 3.8 mm

3(aXi) Centripetal force is provided by the gravitational Remember that centripetal

force. force is the resultant force that
acts tawards the centre of the
GMm mv2 circulat motion!
,'r
GMm _ mv2
2t2
Glvlm
2t

3(aXii) GMm
gravitational potential energy = -
r
GMm
gravitational potential energy ,
=-GMm =_2
kinetic energy
2t

3(bxi) Use rclatianship in deuved tn (a)(ii) lo plot out 4 sels Note that if gtidlines are given,
al coatdtndles tRp.5O ' 1ae). (2Rp.2.5 x 10"). l3Rp you are expected ta do an
1 4 \ 1O') and (4Ra. 1.3 / 10') accurate plot.

Then draw the hest fit curve. lf only a sketch is required,

you willjust be given axes.

ln doing gtaph work, always

remember to label the axes
and possible intercepts.

2lP?rge
3(bxii) Please do nat be mistaken
KE-125x10eJ that:

1.".|-u,2 =1 25,16s
^KE=%m(^vf!!!
2x1 25xfie Obviously,
= 1250 m s_r
1v, vS'? + 1v.1'z- 1v)')
When R = 2Rp,
KE=25x1OeJ
...1^u.z =2.5r1gn
2x 2.5x 1oe
=1768ms1
1600

change ln velocity = 1768 - 1250 = 518 m s-1

4(aXi) maxP=5.62W
Since P =lV,
y=9J4=125a
45
4(aXii)
5.62=1.252R
R=3.60O
4(b) E=lR+lr This question preseDts 2 sels
E = (1 25)(3 60) + (1.2s)r of boundary conditiotis. A
typical method of solving such
questions involves forming 2
E = (1 60X2 03) + (1.60)r simultaneous equations and
E=3.25+1.6t --- ,(2) solving them! Simple as that!
(1)=\2): 4 5+125r =3.25 + 1.6r You might have naticed that
1)q
:a: the maximum powet theorcm
|= =357A
0.35 also predicts that the internal
reslsiarce ls 3.60 O.

Hawever, you cannot quote

the theorem because the
questian specified the
approach you shauld take.

ln any case, knowledge of this

theorem can help you verify
that your answer is coffect.

3| f--' ir .j ..,
 At low temoeratures:

Conduction band

At low temperatures (near 0 K), the conduction band

is completely empty and ihe valence band is
cornp etely filled because the electrons in the valence
band do not have sufficient energy to jump ihe
energy gap (: 1 eV)

When a potentia difFerence is applied across the

semiconductor, there does not have significant
amounts of charge carrierc to conduct eiectricity.
Hence its resistance is very high.

At hiqher temperatures:

conduction band

Valence band

At higher temperatures some of the electrons will At raom temperature (a few

gain suffioient energy to overcome the small energy hundred Kelvins), the
gap and migrate to the conduction band, leaving electrons wi be thermally
behind holes. excited inta the conduction
band.
When a potentjal difference is applied across the
semiconductor. the electrons and holes act as
charge carriers and contribute io the current. This
increase in charge carriers reduces the resistance of
the semiconducior.

6(a) Ability of the nucleus to decay,

in the process emit cr, Il particles or y-radiation

spontaneoLrsly.

6(bxi) Tl.e p'obabrlity lhat a nucleJs will decay

per unit time.

4ll'ig.
6(bxii) A=1.26x1058q
) anx 1n 11
No of nuclides N = q-'* '", - = 1.606r t0 "
1 26'10:.
-785,1oiosr
N 1606x'1ora
^=4=
6(c) When l" issmalt, activity would not change
appreciably while rnass and activity are being
measured, hence giving a more accurate value.

7(aXi) At the start of the explosion, the rate of increase of Rate of increase of radius is
radius with time was large. given by the gradient of the
qraph.
The rate of increase of radius with time gradually
decreases as time passes. When doing graph wark, have
'qrcdient' and 'area under
graph'at the back of your
minds. These 2 quantities
usually have some PhYsical
siqnificance.

7(aXii) In a room of such dimensions, the fireball would have

expanded to completely fill the room in a matter of a

A person in the room will not be able to run out in

time.

7(b)(i) Coordinate of plat = (1.6, lg 14.5) When drawing best fit lines in
witten papers, you are
expected to rccall what You
Iearnt in SPA.

Markers will be looking out for

Iines/cuNes which are close
to the plotted points, with
equal disttibution of plots
around the Iines/cuNes.

7(bxii) Gradient of line = 0.4 Show working using your

drawn line. When choosing
coordinates of triangle to
calculate gradient, ensure that
you triangle is large.

Coordinates chosen should lie

on the best fit line.

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7(bxiiD Note the command word -
nlogR=logk+mlogt 'suggestl
m
n
= gradrent ot lrne Any reasonable/sensible
answer can be given crcdit.
Since m and n are integers, possible values are:
m=2,n-5
m =4,n =10 etc.

7(c) Such a technique has been

R5 tested as 'A' level a couple of
times in recent years.

For each value of V, determine the corresponding R.

Then calculate the value of I.
V
Within limits, the values should be constant.

7(dxi) Anything sensible that is prapefty of fuel.

e.g. calorific value of the fuel

7(dxiD Anything sensible.

e.g. fuel thank of a car

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