Você está na página 1de 60

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7

7.0

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0

Red Hat

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 7.0

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0

Red Hat


Copyright 2014 Red Hat, Inc.
T his document is licensed by Red Hat under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported
License. If you distribute this document, or a modified version of it, you must provide attribution to Red
Hat, Inc. and provide a link to the original. If the document is modified, all Red Hat trademarks must be
removed.
Red Hat, as the licensor of this document, waives the right to enforce, and agrees not to assert, Section
4d of CC-BY-SA to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law.
Red Hat, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, the Shadowman logo, JBoss, MetaMatrix, Fedora, the Infinity Logo,
and RHCE are trademarks of Red Hat, Inc., registered in the United States and other countries.
Linux is the registered trademark of Linus T orvalds in the United States and other countries.
Java is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.
XFS is a trademark of Silicon Graphics International Corp. or its subsidiaries in the United States
and/or other countries.
MySQL is a registered trademark of MySQL AB in the United States, the European Union and other
countries.
Node.js is an official trademark of Joyent. Red Hat Software Collections is not formally related to or
endorsed by the official Joyent Node.js open source or commercial project.
T he OpenStack Word Mark and OpenStack Logo are either registered trademarks/service marks or
trademarks/service marks of the OpenStack Foundation, in the United States and other countries and
are used with the OpenStack Foundation's permission. We are not affiliated with, endorsed or
sponsored by the OpenStack Foundation, or the OpenStack community.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 7
,
. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0
Red Hat.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
Red Hat (Sterling Alexander)
(Michael Everette) Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.

. . . . . 1.
. . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. . . . . . . . .
.

. . . . . 2.
. . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. . . . . . . . .
.

. . . . . 3.
..
. .
. . . . . . . . . .
. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. . . . . . . . .
.

.....4
. .. .
. . . . . . . . . .
........
. .
. . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. . . . . . . . .
4 .1.
8
4 .2.
8
4 .3.
11
4 .4.
12
.

. . . . . 5.
. . .
. . . . . . . . . ..
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
..........
5.1.
16
5.2.
16
.

. . . . . 6.
. . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
..........
LIO
18

18
LVM
18
LibStorageMgmt API
18
LSI Syncro
18
LVM API
18
DIF/DIX
19
pNFS
19
.

. . . . . 7.
. . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
..........
XFS
20
libhugetlbfs IBM System z
20
.

. . . . . 8.
. . .
. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
..........
Kdump
21

21

21
NUMA
21
APIC
21
vmcp
21

21
DynT ick
22

22

22
ocrdma
22
dm-era
22
.

. . . . . 9.
. . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
..........
9.1.
23
9.2. Xen
26
9.3. Hyper-V
26
.

. . . . . 10.
. . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
..........
s ystemd
28
.

. . . . . 11.
. . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
..........
11.1. Pacemaker
29
11.2. Keepalived HAProxy
29
11.3.
30
11.4.
30

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 7.0

11.4.

30

. . . . . 12.
. . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . ..
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
..........
12.1. GCC
31
12.2. GLIBC
31
12.3. GDB
32
12.4.
33
12.5.
36
.

. . . . . 13.
. . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
..........

38
NetworkManager
38
chrony
38
firewalld
38
DNSSEC
38
OpenLMI
38
SR-IOV qlcnic
39
FreeRADIUS 3.0.1
39
T rusted Network Connect
39
.

. . . . . 14
. . .. .
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4. 0. . . . . . . . .

40
.

. . . . . 15.
. . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4. 1. . . . . . . . .

41
slapi-nis
41
IPA
41
Samba 4.1.0
41
sudo AD LDAP
41
.

. . . . . 16.
. . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4. 2. . . . . . . . .
OpenSSH chroot
42

42
GSS Proxy
42
NSS
42
SCAP Workbench
42
OSCAP Anaconda
43
.

. . . . . 17.
. . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4. 4. . . . . . . . .

44
.

. . . . . 18.
. . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4. 5. . . . . . . . .
18.1. GNOME 3
45
18.2. KDE
45
.

. . . . . 19.
. . . .-
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4. 6. . . . . . . . .
Apache HT T P 2.4
46
MariaDB 5.5
46
PostgreSQL 9.2
46
.

. . . . . 20.
. . . ..
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4. 7. . . . . . . . .
20.1.
47
20.2.
47
20.3.
48
20.4.
48
20.5.
49
20.6.
49
.

. . . . . 21.
. . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
..........
21.1.
51
21.2.
52

21.2.
21.3.
21.4.
21.5.

52
52
53
53

. . . . . 22.
. . . .
...
. .
. . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
..........
ABRT 2.1
55
. . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
..........

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 7.0

1.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0,
Red Hat.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0
.

2.

2.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0
[1] :
64- AMD,
64- Intel,
IBM POWER7 POWER8,
IBM System z. [2]
Red Hat ,
, Red Hat.

[1] Red Hat Enterp ris e Linux 7.0 6 4- .


Red Hat Enterp ris e Linux 7.0 32- ,
Red Hat Enterp ris e Linux.
[2] Red Hat Enterp ris e Linux 7.0 IBM z Enterp ris e, 19 6 .

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 7.0

3.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
5 6.
3.1. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5, 6 7
Red Hat
Enterprise Linux
5

Red Hat
Enterprise Linux
6

Red Hat
Enterprise Linux
7

x86_64

160/255

160/4096

160/5120

POWER

128/128

128

System z

101 (zEC12)

101 (zEC12)

x86_64


3 /64


3 /64

POWER

512 ,
1

System z

3 (z196)

3 (z196)

3 (z196)

x86_64

512 ,
1

1 ,
1

1 ,
1

POWER

1 ,
2

2 /2

Red Hat
Enterprise Linux

2 /2

Red Hat
Enterprise Linux

System z

512

512

1 [a]

XFS

16

16

16

ext4

16

16

50

btrfs


XFS

100 [b ]

100

500


ext4

16

16

50


btrfs

50


LUN

16 [c ]

50

3.


x86_64

Red Hat
Enterprise Linux
5

Red Hat
Enterprise Linux
6

Red Hat
Enterprise Linux
7

128

128

[a] IBM Sys tem z 1 .


[b ] Red Hat Enterp ris e Linux 5.5 XFS 10 0 .
[c ] LUN 2 UEFI G PT.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 7.0

4.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0.
Red Hat .

4.1.
,
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 .
.
4 .1.
,

ext2 ext3

ext4

ext4
ext2
ext3

sblim-sfcb

tog-pegasus

RHN Hosted

subscription-manager
Subscription Asset Manager

acpid

systemd

evolution-mapi

evolution-ews

gtkhtml3

webkitgtk3

sendmail

postfix

edac-utils mcelog

rasdaemon

libcgroup

systemd

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0


cgutils, systemd
.

krb5-appl

openssh

OpenSSH
,

.

lvm1

lvm2

lvm2mirror cmirror

lvm2 raid1


Microsoft
Exchange Server 2003

lvm2 raid1
,

cmirror .

4.2.
, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.
4 .2.
,

4.

gcj

OpenJDK


gcj
Java-.

32-

64-


.


64- Red Hat Enterprise Linux
6.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6,

32-
x86.

IBM POWER6


Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5
6.

Matahari


CIM

Matahari
Red Hat Enterprise
Linux 6.4.

ecryptfs


LUKS dmcrypt

,


.

T urboGears2

OpenMotif 2.2

Motif 2.3

webalizer

compiz

gnome-shell

Eclipse

Eclipse

.

Qpid QMF

Qpid QMF
MRG.

amtu

Amtu


( .
Common Criteria).

system-config-services

systemadm

pidgin

empathy

perl-suidperl

pam _passwdqc,
pam _cracklib

pam _pwquality

HAL ( )

udev




Motif Red Hat
Enterprise Linux 6.


Perl.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 7.0

ConsoleKit (
)

systemd

http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/S
oftware/systemd/writing-displaymanagers

DeviceKit-power

upower

system-config-lvm

gnome-disk-utility, systemstorage-manager

gnome-disk-utility
Red Hat
Enterprise Linux 6. systemstorage-manager

, lvm 2

LVM.

system-config-network

nm-connection-editor, nmcli

nm-connection-editor
Red Hat Enterprise
Linux 6.

taskjuggler

thunderbird

evolution

vconfig

iproute


vesa

xorg-x11-twm

xorg-x11-xdm

gdm

system-config-firewall

firewall-config firewall-cmd

system-config-firewall


iptables.

mod_perl

mod_fcgid

mod_perl HT T P
2.4

busybox

prelink

KVM
( ComputeNode)

KVM

(, Server)

module-init-tools

kmod

kernel-firmware-*

linux-firmware

flight-recorder

wireless-tools





iw iw.

10

vconfig
ip
iproute.


ip-link(8).

prelink
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0,
.

4.

libtopology

hwloc

digikam

NetworkManager-openswan

NetworkManager-libreswan

KDM (KDE Display Manager)

GDM (GNOME Display Manager)

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0



GDM, KDE -
.

virt-tar

virt-tar-in, virt-tar-out


.

.

virt-list-filesytems

virt-filesystems


.

.

virt-list-partitions

virt-filesystems


.

.


digiKam

Red Hat Enterprise Linux
7.0 -
.

4.3.
,
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 .
.

xorg-x11-drv-ast
xorg-x11-drv-cirrus
xorg-x11-drv-mach64
xorg-x11-drv-mga
xorg-x11-drv-openchrome
KMS (Kernel Mode Setting).

xorg-x11-drv-void

3w-9xxx
arcmsr
aic79xx
Emulex lpfc820

11

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 7.0

4.4.
, Red Hat Enterprise Linux
7.0.

megaraid_mm
cciss [3]
aic94xx
aic7xxx
i2o
ips
megaraid_mbox
mptlan
mptfc
sym53c8xx
ecryptfs
3w-xxxx

3c59x
3c574_cs
3c589_c
3c589_cs
8390
acenic
amd8111e
at76c50x-usb
ath5k
axnet_cs
b43
b43legacy
can-dev
cassini
cdc-phonet
cxgb
de4x5
de2104x
dl2k
dmfe
e100
ems_pci
ems_usb
fealnx
fmvi18x_cs
fmvj18x_cs

12

4.

forcedeth
ipw2100
ipw2200
ixgb
kvaser_pci
libertas
libertas_tf
libertas_tf_usb
mac80211_hwsim
natsemi
ne2k-pci
niu
nmckan_cs
nmclan_cs
ns83820
p54pci
p54usb
pcnet32
pcnet_32
pcnet_cs
pppol2tp
r6040
rt61pci
rt73usb
rt2400pci
rt2500pci
rt2500usb
rtl8180
rtl8187
s2io
sc92031
sis190
sis900
sja1000
sja1000_platform
smc91c92_cs
starfire
sundance
sungem
sungem_phy
sunhme
tehuti
tlan
tulip
typhoon

13

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 7.0

uli526x
vcan
via-rhine
via-velocity
vxge
winbond-840
xirc2ps_cs
xircom_cb
zd1211rw

xorg-x11-drv-acecad
xorg-x11-drv-aiptek
xorg-x11-drv-elographics
xorg-x11-drv-fpit
xorg-x11-drv-hyperpen
xorg-x11-drv-mutouch
xorg-x11-drv-penmount

xorg-x11-drv-acecad
xorg-x11-drv-aiptek
xorg-x11-drv-elographics
xorg-x11-drv-fpit
xorg-x11-drv-hyperpen
xorg-x11-drv-mutouch
xorg-x11-drv-penmount

[3] :
Smart Array 530 0
Smart Array 5i
Smart Array 532
Smart Array 5312
Smart Array 6 41
Smart Array 6 42
Smart Array 6 40 0
Smart Array 6 40 0 EM
Smart Array 6 i
Smart Array P6 0 0
Smart Array P8 0 0
Smart Array P40 0
Smart Array P40 0 i
Smart Array E20 0 i
Smart Array E20 0
Smart Array E50 0

14

4.
Smart Array P70 0 M

15

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 7.0

5.
5.1.
Anaconda
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.

Anaconda IBM S/390


, .
Anaconda
.
.
firstboot.

,
.
tm pfs .
LVM.
Btrfs .

, NT P (. 13,
).

Anaconda m akeupdates.

: GeoIP.
.
Anaconda .
loader dracut.
realm d kickstart.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 .

5.2.
16

5.

GRUB 2
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 GRUB 2
, . GRUB 2
:
64- Intel AMD, PowerPC.
BIOS, EFI and OpenFirmware.
MBR (Master Boot Record), GRUB2 GPT (GUID
Partition T ables).
( Linux), Apple Hierarchical File System Plus
(HFS+) Microsoft NT FS.

17

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 7.0

6.
LIO
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 LIO (Linux Input Output)
SCSI , FCoE,
iSCSI, iSER (Mellanox InfiniBand) SRP (Mellanox InfiniBand).
tgtd Red Hat Enterpise Linux 6 LIO
FCoE ( fcoe-target-utils).
LIO targetcli.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0
. , DAS
SAN PCIe SSD,
.
LVM
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 LVM,

.
lvm(8).
, LVM.
pvm ove .
lvresize, lvreduce lvextend .
vgsplit .
LibStorageMgmt API
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 libStorageMgmt,
API
.

.
LSI Syncro
m egaraid_sas LSI Syncro CS HA-DAS (highavailability direct-attched storage). m egaraid_sas
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0, Syncro CS
, Red Hat LSI
, LSI Syncro Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0.
http://www.lsi.com/products/shared-das/pages/default.aspx.
LVM API
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 API LVM.

18

6.

DIF/DIX
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0
DIF/DIX SCSI. DIF/DIX 512
520 (DIF, Data Integrity Field).
, HBA .
.
HBA.

.
pNFS
pNFS (Parallel NFS) NFS v4.1
, NFS.
pNFS , .
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 ,
.
http://www.pnfs.com/.

19

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 7.0

7.
XFS
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 Anaconda
XFS, ext4 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.
ext4 Btrfs XFS.
XFS ,
Silicon Graphics. XFS 16 (~16
), 8 (~8 )
. XFS ,
,
.
XFS ext4
.
libhugetlbfs IBM System z
IBM System z libhugetlbfs,
C C++.
.

20

8.

8.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 kernel 3.10,
.
Kdump
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 kdump
( 3 ).

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0
. .

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0
zswap, - ,
.
NUMA
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 NUMA
.
APIC
(APIC, Advanced Programmable Interrupt
Controller)
.
vm cp
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 vm cp .
vmcp
IBM z/VM vm cp.

Linux ,
, - (mcelog EDAC),
(, mcelog,
edac-utils syslog).
:
, ;
,
.
,
, . ,
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 , , rasdaem on,
RAS (Reliability, Availability, Serviceability), .

21

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 7.0

DynT ick
nohz_full ,
nr_running=1.
.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 modprobe
. , :
modprobe.blacklist=


Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 kpatch,
.
ocrdma
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 Emulex
ocrdm a, (RDMA, Remote Direct Memory
Access) Emulex.

dm-era
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0
device-mapper dm-era ,
(era).
32- . Dm-era ,
.
. dm-era dmcache.

22

9.

9.
9.1.
virtio-blk-data-plane
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 virtio-blk-data-plane,
QEMU - ,
- .
PCI
QEMU 32 PCI. PCI Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0
32 PCI-, .
QEMU
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 KVM
, .

QEMU Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0
pc-i4 4 0fx-rhel7.0.0 (
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0).
virtio_net
virtio_net
. ,
.
virtio_scsi
virtio_scsi
. ,
.

- KVM
.
HyperV KVM
KVM Microsoft Hyper-V,
(MMU, Memory Management Unit) (Virtual Interrupt Controller).
Microsoft API
, .
EOI

23

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 7.0

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 APIC Intel AMD


(EOI, End of Interrupt).
EOI.
USB 3.0
USB Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 xHCI USB 3.0
( ).
Windows 8 Windows Server 2012
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 Microsoft Windows 8
Windows Server 2012 KVM.
- QEMU
- QEMU
( ).
hugepages
(T HP,
T ransparent Huge Pages) Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0.
T HP.

virtio-rng .
/dev/random ,
.

,
( , zero copy,
).
.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.5
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0.
T RIM qemu-kvm
discard='unm ap' <driver> XML-
fstrim m ount -o discard .
<disk type='file' device='disk'>
<driver name='qemu' type='raw' discard='unmap'/>
<source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/vm1.img'>
...
</disk>

NVIDIA

24

9.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 NVIDIA GRID Quadro


VGA.
ticket lock
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0
(pvticketlocks), Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 .
PCIe
PCIe AER (Advanced Error Reporting)
, .
.
.
Q35, PCI Express AHCI
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 Q35 KVM,
PCI Express AHCI.
.
PCI-
VFIO (Virtual Function I/O) PCI-
KVM. VFIO ,
. VFIO
KVM, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.
Intel VT -d
VFIO (Virtual Function I/O) KVM
- (IOMMU, Input/Output Memory Management Unit)
2 , - T LB
(T ranslation Lookaside Buffer). 1
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0.
KVM
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 vsyscall
KVM. ,
, ,
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0.
QCOW2 3
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 QCOW2 3 .

.

.

25

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 7.0

KVM .

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0
.
AMD Opteron G5
KVM AMD Opteron G5.
Intel KVM
KVM Intel 22nm, :
,
256- ,
MOVBE (Big Endian Move Instruction),
HLE/HLE+.
VPC VHDX
KVM Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 Microsoft Virtual PC (VPC)
Microsoft Hyper-V virtual hard disk (VHDX).
libguestfs
libguestfs
. libguestfs Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0:
sVirt SELinux.
( ), NBD (Network Block Device).
.
virtio-win
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 WHQL- virtio-win
Microsoft Windows (8, 8.1, 2012 2012 R2).

9.2. Xen
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 Xen
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0
Xen.

9.3. Hyper-V
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0

26

9.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0


Microsoft Hyper-V Server 2012 R2.
, , SCSI UEFI.

27

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 7.0

10.
systemd
systemd Linux, SysV
Red Hat Enterprise Linux. systemd Linux
SysV.
systemd:
;
D-Bus - ;
;
;
.
.

28

11.

11.
( )
,
. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0
; , ,
.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 ( Load Balancer)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
20.5, ,
Red Hat High Availability.

11.1. Pacemaker
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0
Pacemaker,
rgmanager.
Pacemaker.
.
,
.
.
.
. -
.
.
.
Pacemaker (DLM,
Distributed Lock Manager).
.

11.2. Keepalived HAProxy


Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 Piranha
keepalived HAProxy.
keepalived .
Linux Virtual Server,
. keepalived
VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol).
HAProxy
T CP HT T P .

29

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 7.0

11.3.
Pacemaker pcs ccs, ricci luci.
pcs:
;
;
;
, .

11.4.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 .
.

.

30

12.

12.
12.1. GCC
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 GCC gcc-4.8.x
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 binutils-2.23.52.x.
Red Hat Developer T oolset 2.0.
gcc binutils Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
:
https://access.redhat.com/site/documentation/enUS/Red_Hat_Developer_T oolset/2/html/User_Guide/index.html#sect-Changes_in_Version_2.0-GCC
https://access.redhat.com/site/documentation/enUS/Red_Hat_Developer_T oolset/2/html/User_Guide/index.html#sect-Changes_in_Version_2.0-binutils
GCC Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0.
, C++11 (
C++11), C11.
, OpenMP v3.1,
C++11 GCC ,
( Intel
RT M/HLE ).
.
DWARF4.
.
AMD 15h 16h.
.
.
Fortran.

12.2. GLIBC
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 glibc (libc, libm , libpthread, NSS ..)
glibc 2.17,
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.
glibc Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0.
C11 ISO.
Linux: prlim it, prlim it64 , fanotify_init, fanotify_m ark,
clock_adjtim e, nam e_to_handle_at, open_by_handle_at, syncfs, setns, sendm m sg,
process_vm _readv, process_vm _writev.

31

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 7.0

AMD64 Intel 64 SSE


(Streaming SIMD Extensions), SSSE3 (Streaming SIMD Extensions 3), SSE4.2 (Streaming SIMD
Extensions 4.2), AVX (Advanced Vector Extensions).
IBM PowerPC IBM POWER7.
IBM S/390 IBM System z
IBM System z10 IBM zEnterprise 196.
: os_RU, bem_Z A, en_Z A, ff_SN, sw_KE, sw_T Z , lb_LU, wae_CH, yue_HK, lij_IT , mhr_RU,
bho_IN, unm_US, es_CU, ta_LK, ayc_PE, doi_IN, ia_FR, mni_IN, nhn_MX, niu_NU, niu_NZ , sat_IN,
szl_PL, mag_IN.
: CP770, CP771, CP772, CP773, CP774.
: scandirat, scandirat64 .
FD_SET , FD_CLR, FD_ISSET , poll, ppoll.
nscd netgroup.
secure_getenv() ,
NULL SUID SGID.
__secure_getenv().
crypt() , - ,
. Linux crypt()
FIPS /proc/sys/crypto/fips_enabled ,
FIPS , MD5 (Message-Digest 5)
DES (Data Encryption Standard).
clock_* ( <time.h>) C.
-lrt
; ,
clock_gettim e() -lrt, pthreads ,
, (,
C++).
<sys/auxv.h> getauxval() AT _*
, Linux. HWCAP_*
AT _HWCAP.

. PowerPC
.

12.3. GDB
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 GDB gdb-7.6.1,
Red Hat
Enterprise Linux 6.
GDB Red Hat Developer T oolset 2.0.
GDB Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 :

32

12.

https://access.redhat.com/site/documentation/enUS/Red_Hat_Developer_T oolset/2/html/User_Guide/index.html#sect-Changes_in_Version_2.0-GDBRed_Hat_Developer_T oolset_1


https://access.redhat.com/site/documentation/enUS/Red_Hat_Developer_T oolset/2/html/User_Guide/index.html#sect-Changes_in_Version_2.0-GDBRed_Hat_Enterprise_Linux_6
GDB Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0.
.gdb_index gdb-add-index.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.1.
gdbserver - . : (gdb) target
rem ote | ssh m yhost gdbserver - hello
watch -location.
info
vtbl.
info auto-load, set auto-load show auto-load
.
set filenam e-display absolute .
record btrace
.
GDB Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 :
info proc .

inferior-.

.
.
.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 gdb-doc GDB
PDF, HT ML info. GDB RPM.

12.4.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0
: oprofile, papi elfutils.
, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 :
Performance Co-Pilot;

33

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 7.0

SystemT ap DynInst,
, Java- (
Byteman);
Valgrind
.

12.4.1. Performance Co-Pilot


Performance Co-Pilot (PCP) ,
. ,
.
Python, Perl, C++ C.
API ( Python, C++, C) , -
JSON.
pcp pcp-libs-devel. pcpdoc .
http://oss.sgi.com/projects/pcp/doc/pcp-users-and-administrators-guide.pdf
http://oss.sgi.com/projects/pcp/doc/pcp-programmers-guide.pdf

12.4.2. SystemTap
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 systemtap 2.4.
,
Java, ,
. .
SystemT ap dyninst
root.
stap --dyninst,
. ,
C++.
byteman Java.
SystemT ap ( java("com .app").class("class_name").m ethod("name(signature)").* )
.
SystemT ap KVM libvirt
SystemT ap
virtio-serial.
. SSH
IP- .
:
stap --remote=libvirt://MyVirtualMachine

SystemT ap :

, .
,
.

34

12.

, ,
, , ..
.
ANSI .

12.4.3. Valgrind
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0
Valgrind, Valgrind 3.9.0
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Red Hat Developer T oolset 2.0,
Valgrind 3.8.1.
Valgrind Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0.
IBM System z.
IBM POWER8 (Power ISA 2.07).
Intel AVX2 ( 64-).
Intel T SX (T ransactional Synchronization Extension),
RT M (Restricted T ransactional Memory) HLE (Hardware Lock Elision).
IBM PowerPC.
16
. , ,
, 6 . --num transtab-sectors.
Valgrind .
.
Valgrind
.
-v ,
.
--sigill-diagnostics
JIT (Just In T ime).
SIGILL .
Memcheck :
,
. --partial-loads-ok=yes.
. , (definite,
indirect, possible, reachable) ,
. --show-leakkinds=1,2,.., --errors-for-leak-kinds=1,2,..
m atch-leak-kinds: .

35

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 7.0

, m atch-leak-kinds:,
, .
, .
possible leak.
,
std::string, new[], ,
C++, .
--leak-check-heuristics=heur1,heur2,....
--keep-stacktraces
.

Valgrind .
-v ,
.
Valgrind GDB :
v.info open_fds .
v.info execontext , Valgrind.
v.do expensive_sanity_check_general
.

12.5.
Ruby 2.0.0
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 Ruby 2.0.0.
1.8.7 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 :
YARV (Yet Another Ruby VM) ,
.
Lazy Sweep.
.
(green threads).
Ruby 2.0.0 : https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/.
Python 2.7.5
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 Python 2.7.5, Python
3 :
;
- ;
;
sysconfig.

36

12.

: http://docs.python.org/dev/whatsnew/2.7.html
Java 7 JDK
Red Hat Enterprise Linux OpenJDK7 Java 7. Java 7 (java1.7.0-openjdk, java-1.7.0-oracle, java-1.7.0-ibm)
.
JDK
. , alternatives.

37

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 7.0

13.


, .

.
NetworkManager
NetworkManager
. , NetworkManager
, .
nm cli connection reload. ,
nmcli NetworkManager D-Bus API - .
nmcli
NetworkManager..
chrony
chrony ,
. chrony
,
- . .
firewalld
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 firewalld
,
. IPv4, IPv6, Ethernet
.
.
DNSSEC
DNSSEC (Domain Name System Security Extensions) DNS
DNS,
.
OpenLMI
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 OpenLMI (Open Linux
Management Infrastructure) ,
. OpenLMI
.
OpenLMI Red Hat Enterprise
Linux,
, .
OpenLMI : ( ),
; ;
, .

38

13.

OpenLMI :
, ;
, ;
, ;
, C,
C++, Python Java.
OpenLMI ,
.
OpenLMI http://www.openlmi.org.
SR-IOV qlcnic
qlcnic SRIOV (Single Root I/O virtualization). QLogic,
Red Hat QLogic. qlcnic .
FreeRADIUS 3.0.1
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 FreeRADIUS 3.0.1,
:
RadSec RADIUS T CP T LS.
Yubikey.
. radiusd
(SQL, LDAP ..).
.
unlang.
.
.
SNMP.
WIMAX.
EAP-PWD.
T rusted Network Connect
T NC (T rusted Network Connect) Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0
. NC
T LS, 802.1x IPSec
.
, .., .
T NC .

39

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 7.0

14.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 ,
,
.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 systemd.
.

40

15.

15.


Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.9 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.3,
Active Directory SID (Security Identifier).
, Active Directory POSIX.
slapi-nis
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 slapi-nis,
Active Directory .
.
IPA
IPA
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 .
Samba 4 .1.0
samba ,
SMB3.
SMB3 Samba Windows,
SMB3. Samba 4.1.0
. , ,
.

samba ,
security = share security = server. - SWAT
. :
https://www.samba.org/samba/history/samba-4.0.0.html
https://www.samba.org/samba/history/samba-4.1.0.html
sm bd , tdb .
.
Samba 4.0 4.1.

sudo AD LDAP
AD Active Directory. Red Hat Enterprise Linux
7.0 sudo AD LDAP.
, sudo_provider=ad sssd.conf.

41

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 7.0

16.
OpenSSH chroot
Linux SELinux
SELinux. unconfined_u.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 ChrootDirectory
- , ( staff_u,
user_u guest_u ) selinuxuser_use_ssh_chroot.
ChrootDirectory
guest_u
.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0
SSH 2. AuthenticationMethods,
. ,
. ,
GSSAPI, .
GSS Proxy
GSS Proxy GSS API Kerberos
. , ,
keytab,
.
NSS
nss 3.15.2. , MD2 (Message-Digest),
MD4 MD5, OCSP (Online Certificate Status Protocol)
(CRL, Certificate Revocation List).
T LS 1.2 AES-GCM (Advanced
Encryption Standard Galois Counter Mode) RFC 5288 RFC 5289.
:
T LS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WIT H_AES_128_GCM_SHA256
T LS_ECDHE_RSA_WIT H_AES_128_GCM_SHA256
T LS_DHE_RSA_WIT H_AES_128_GCM_SHA256
T LS_RSA_WIT H_AES_128_GCM_SHA256
SCAP Workbench
SCAP Workbench
SCAP.
:
https://fedorahosted.org/scap-workbench/

42

16.

OSCAP Anaconda
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 OSCAP Anaconda.
OpenScap ,
SCAP .

43

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 7.0

17.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0
.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 .

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0
subscription-manager. Satellite -
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 6.
Red Hat Network Classic rhn_register rhnreg_ks
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 .
Red Hat Satellite Red Hat Proxy 5.6.

44

18.

18.
18.1. GNOME 3
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 GNOME 3.
GNOME Shell GNOME2: , , GNOME Shell
.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 GNOME Shell
GNOME,
.
GNOME.
Super (Windows), , help Enter.

.
GT K+ 3
GNOME 3 GT K+ 3, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0
GT K+ 2. GT K+ 2
GNOME 3 .
GNOME Boxes
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0
GNOME Boxes.
.

18.2. KDE
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 KDE Plasma 4.10
KDE.
http://www.kde.org/announcements/4.10/.
KScreen
KDE KScreen
. , KScreen
, .
:
http://community.kde.org/Solid/Projects/ScreenManagement

45

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 7.0

19. -
Apache HT T P 2.4
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 Apache HT T P 2.4 (httpd).
:
Events;
FastCGI m od_proxy;
Lua.
httpd 2.4
http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/new_features_2_4.html.
http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/upgrading.html.
MariaDB 5.5
MariaDB MySQL,
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 . MariaDB API ABI
MySQL : Aria XtraDB
, API ,
.
https://mariadb.com/kb/en/what-is-mariadb-55/.
PostgreSQL 9.2
PostgreSQL - ( ).
postgresql
PostgreSQL.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 PostgreSQL 9.2. ,
8.4 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
:
http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/static/release-9-0.html
http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/static/release-9-1.html
http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/static/release-9-2.html
PostgreSQL:
http://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/What's_new_in_PostgreSQL_9.0
http://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/What's_new_in_PostgreSQL_9.1
http://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/What's_new_in_PostgreSQL_9.2

46

20.

20.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 :

20.1.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0.

.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Red
Hat Enterprise Linux 7.


, GNOME3 Red Hat Enterprise Linux
7.

20.2.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.
VNC, PXE, .
.

,
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.

47

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 7.0



Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.
, Red Hat Enterprise Linux Fedora.
GFS2
GFS2
Red Hat GFS2 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.
LVM

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.
, Red Hat Enterprise Linux Fedora.
Kdump
Kdump ,
kdump Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.

20.3.


.
SELinux
SELinux SELinux .

20.4.


Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.


Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.


Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.

, Red
Hat Enterprise Linux 7 .

48

20.

SystemT ap
SystemT ap
Red Hat Enterprise Linux SystemT ap.
SystemT ap
SystemT ap tapset SystemT ap.

20.5.


High Availability Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.

High Availability Red Hat Enterprise
Linux 7.
High Availability
High Availability High Availability
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.


Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.
DM Multipath
DM Multipath Red Hat Enterprise
Linux 7.

20.6.


Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.


, Red Hat Enterprise
Linux 7.


, , .

49

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 7.0



KVM. ,
.
Linux
Linux
Linux Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0.

50

21.

21.
21.1.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 .
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 :
- , , .
, , , ,
().
, , , , , , , ,
, .
, ,
.

.
21.1.
,


()

pt_BR.UT F-8

DejaVu Sans
(dejavu-sansfonts)

fr_FR.UT F-8

DejaVu Sans
(dejavu-sansfonts)

de_DE.UT F-8

DejaVu Sans
(dejavu-sansfonts)

it_IT .UT F-8

DejaVu Sans
(dejavu-sansfonts)

ru_RU.UT F-8

DejaVu Sans
(dejavu-sansfonts)

es_ES.UT F-8

DejaVu Sans
(dejavu-sansfonts)

en_US.UT F-8

DejaVu Sans
(dejavu-sansfonts)

()

zh_CN.UT F-8

WenQuanYi Z en
Hei Sharp (wqyzenhei-fonts)

ibus-libpinyin,
ibus-table-chinese

ja_JP.UT F-8

VL PGothic
(vlgothic-p-fonts)

ibus-kkc

51

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 7.0


()

ko_KR.UT F-8

NanumGothic
(nhn-nanumgothic-fonts)

ibus-hangul

( )

zh_T W.UT F-8

AR PL UMing T W
(cjkuni-umingfonts)

ibus-chewing,
ibus-table-chinese

as_IN.UT F-8

Lohit Assamese
(lohit-assamesefonts)

ibus-m17n, m17ndb, m17n-contrib

bn_IN.UT F-8

Lohit Bengali (lohitbengali-fonts)

ibus-m17n, m17ndb, m17n-contrib

gu_IN.UT F-8

Lohit Gujarati
(lohit-gujaratifonts)

ibus-m17n, m17ndb, m17n-contrib

hi_IN.UT F-8

Lohit Hindi (lohitdevanagari-fonts)

ibus-m17n, m17ndb, m17n-contrib

kn_IN.UT F-8

Lohit Kannada
(lohit-kannadafonts)

ibus-m17n, m17ndb, m17n-contrib

ml_IN.UT F-8

Meera (smcmeera-fonts)

ibus-m17n, m17ndb, m17n-contrib

mr_IN.UT F-8

Lohit Marathi (lohitmarathi-fonts)

ibus-m17n, m17ndb, m17n-contrib

or_IN.UT F-8

Lohit Oriya (lohitoriya-fonts)

ibus-m17n, m17ndb, m17n-contrib

pa_IN.UT F-8

Lohit Punjabi (lohitpunjabi-fonts)

ibus-m17n, m17ndb, m17n-contrib

ta_IN.UT F-8

Lohit T amil (lohittamil-fonts)

ibus-m17n, m17ndb, m17n-contrib

te_IN.UT F-8

Lohit T elugu (lohittelugu-fonts)

ibus-m17n, m17ndb, m17n-contrib

21.2.
yum-langpacks
yum-langpacks .

localectl .
SSH localectl .

21.3.
IBus
IBus GNOME, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0

52

21.

IBus 1.5.
gnom e-controlcenter region, gnom e-control-center keyboard
.
( GNOME) XKB
ibus-setup ( ibus ).

Super+ Control+, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.
Alt+T ab.
IBus
ibus-typing-booster ibus.
.
. ibus-typing-booster Hunspell.
ibus-typing-booster , input-methods
.

.

21.4.
fonts-tweak-tool
fonts-tweak-tool .

21.5.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 Paktype: paktype-ajrak,


paktype-basic-naskh-farsi, paktype-basic-naskh-sindhi, paktype-basic-naskh-urdu paktype-basic-naskhsa.

WQY Z enhei.
ibus-libpinyin
ibus-pinyin, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.

Lohit , , , ,
Lohit Devanagari.
Lohit Devanagari locl OpenT ype.
gubbi-fonts navilu-fonts.

53

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 7.0

IPA .
ibus-kkc (Kana Kanji Conversion)
libkkc ibus-anthy, anthy kasumi.

Nanum.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 (kok_IN) (ps_AF).

54

22.

22.
ABRT 2.1
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 ABRT 2.1 (Automatic Bug Reporting T ool).
,
uReport,
. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0
Red Hat.
ABRT 2.1 Java Ruby.

55

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 7.0


0.0-0.8.3
Wed Jun 4 2014
T ranslation files synchronised with XML sources 0.0-0.8

Eliska Slobodova

0.0-0.8
T hu Dec 11 2013
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 Beta

Elika Slobodov

56

Você também pode gostar