Surface Integral - Tích phân mặt

Gii tch hm nhiu bin
Chng: TCH PHN MT

u Th Phit
Ngy 26 thng 4 nm 2014
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Gii tch hm nhiu bin Chng: TCH PHN MT

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Ni dung
Mt cong
Tch phn mt loi mt
Tch phn mt loi hai
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Mt cong
Mt cong
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Mt cong
is a vector-valued function defined on a region D in the uv-plane. So x, y, and z, the component

nhfunctions
ngha of r, are functions of the two variables u and v with domain D. The set
of all points !x, y, z" in ! 3 such that
Tng t biu din ng cong bng hm vector r (t) vi mt tham s t,

2
x ! x!u, v"
y ! y!u, v"
z ! z!u, v"
ta biu din mt cong l hm vector r (u, v ) vi hai tham s u, v
and !u, v" varies throughout
is called
r (u, vD), =
x(u, va)~parametric
i + y (u, v )~jsurface
+ z(u,Svand
)~k Equations 2 are called
parametric equations of S. Each choice of u and v gives a point on S; by making all
choices,
get vector
all of S.xc
In other
the surface
S ismt
traced
out byOuv
the .tip
y lwe
hm
nh words,
trn min
D trong
phng
x, of
y , the
z lposition
vector
r!u,
v" ass
!u,(u,
v" moves
throughout
hm
theo
tham
v ) trn
min D.the region D. (See Figure 1.)
S
D
0
(u,)
u
r(u,)
x
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y
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Mt cong
V d
FIGURE
A parametric surfac
1) Mt cho bi
z
r (u, v ) = 2 cos u~i + v~j + 2 sin uk

Ta c
x = 2 cos u
y =v
z = 2 sin u
x 2 + z 2 = 4.
(0,0,2)
0
x
y
(2,0,0)
FIGURE 2
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Mt cong
of Figures 4 and 5, with moving grid curves,

for several parametric surfaces.
V d
FIGURE 4
z
2) Mt cho bi
constant
r (u, v ) = h(2 + sin v ) cos u, (2 + sin v ) sin u, u + cos v i

u constant
vi 0 u 4, 0 v 2
FIGURE 5
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choose
Mt
cong the angles " and ! in spherical coordinates as the parameters (see
Then, putting ' ! a in the equations for conversion from spherical to recta
nates (Equations 15.8.1), we obtain
V d
x ! a sin " cos !
y ! a sin " sin !
z ! a cos "
as the parametric equations of the sphere. The corresponding vector equati
3) Tm phng trnh tham s cho mt cur#", ! $ ! a sin " cos ! i & a sin " sin ! j & a cos " k
We have 0 % " % # and 0 % ! % 2#, so the parameter domain is the rect
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 =Da!2 !0, #" $ !0, 2#". The grid curves with " constant are the circles of c
tude (including the equator). The grid curves with ! constant are the merid
circles), which connect the north and south poles.
S dng to cu vi = a = hng s , ta c
One of the uses of parametric surfaces is in
computer graphics. Figure 7 shows the result of
trying to graph the sphere x 2 & y 2 & z 2 ! 1
by solving the equation for z and graphing the
top and bottom hemispheres separately. Part of
the sphere appears to be missing because of the
rectangular grid system used by the computer.
The much better picture in Figure 8 was produced by a computer using the parametric
equations found in Example 4.
x = a sin cos , y = a sin sin , z = a cos

Trong : l gc to bi vector (x, y , z) v trc
Oz, l gc to bi Ox v vector (x, y , 0).
Vy
FIGURE 7
FIGURE 8
r (, ) = a sin cos ~i + a sin sin ~j + a cos ~k

vi 0 v 0 2.
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Mt
congputting ' ! a in the equations for conversion from spherical to recta
Then,
nates (Equations 15.8.1), we obtain
V d
x ! a sin " cos !
y ! a sin " sin !
z ! a cos "
as the parametric equations of the sphere. The corresponding vector equati

r#", ! $ ! a sin " cos ! i & a sin " sin ! j & a cos " k
We have 0 % " % # and 0 % ! % 2#, so the parameter domain is the rect

D ! !0, #" $ !0, 2#". The grid curves with " constant are the circles of c
cho
elliptic
tudemt
(including
the equator). The grid curves with ! constant are the merid
circles), which connect the north and south poles.
3) Tm phng trnh tham s

paraboloid
One of the uses of parametric
is in 2y 2
z =surfaces
x2 +
computer graphics. Figure 7 shows the result of
N
trying to graph the sphere x 2 & y 2 & z 2 ! 1
z and graphing
by solving
equation for
Ta xem (x,
y )the nh
tham
s,thekhi ta c
top and bottom hemispheres separately. Part of
the sphere appears to be missing because of the
rectangular grid system used by the computer.
The much better picture in Figure 8 was produced by a computer using the parametric
equations found in Example 4.
x = x,
hay
y = y,
z = x 2 + 2y 2
FIGURE 7
r (x, y ) = x~i + y~j + (x 2 + 2y 2 )~k
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FIGURE 8

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Mt cong
Din tch mt cong
nh ngha
Nu mt cong S cho bi phng trnh
r (u, v ) = x(u, v )~i + y (u, v )~j + z(u, v )~k
(u, v ) D;
Khi din tch mt D cho bi

ZZ
|ru rv | dA
A(S) =
D
vi ru =
x ~ y ~ z ~
x
y
z ~
i+
j+
k, v rv = ~i + ~j +
k
u
u
u
v
v
v
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Mt cong
Din tch mt ca th hm s
Cho mt S xc nh bi phng trnh z = f (x, y ) vi (x, y ) D v c cc
o hm ring. Xem x v y l tham s, ta c phng trnh tham s
x =x
do ta c
rx = ~i +
y =y
f
x
~k
z = f (x, y )
ry = ~j +
f
x
~k

~k

f
f ~ f ~ ~
1 0
x = x i y j + k
f
0 1

y
s
2 2
ZZ
z
z
A(S) =
1+
+
dA
x
y

rx ry =

~i ~j
D
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Tch phn mt loi mt
Tch phn mt loi mt
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Tch phn mt loi mt
Tch phn mt loi mt
Cho mt S bi phng trnh vector

r (u, v ) = x(u, v )~i + y (u, v )~j + z(u, v )~k
(u, v ) D
j=1 i=1
W
a
p
%
Gi s min D l hnh ch nht, ta chia thnh cc

hnh ch nht con Rij vi cc cnh tng ng l
u, v . Tng ng, mt S c chia thnh cc
mt Sij .
Tnh gi tr f (Pij ) ti im bt k trong Sij v lp
tng Riemann
m X
n
X
R ij
r
z
T
o
P *ij
Sij
N
t
f (Pij )Sij
FIGURE 1
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a
a
Tch phn mt loi mt
Ly gii hn khi m, n ta nh ngha tch phn mt loi mt

ZZ
f (x, y , z)dS =
lim
m,n
m X
n
X
f (Pij )Sij
j=1 j=1
Ta li c
|Sij |ru rv |uv
Do
ZZ
ZZ
f (r (u, v ))|ru rv |dA
f (x, y , z)dS =
S
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Tch phn mt loi mt
Khi gii hn i vi mt th hm s, gi s S cho bi z = z(x, y )

x =x
y =y
z = z(x, y )
th ta c
s 2 2

z
z
z
z
+
+1
|rx ry | = ~i ~j + k =
x
y
x
y
Khi
ZZ
ZZ
f (x, y , z)dS =
s
f (x, y , z(x, y )) 1 +
z
x
2

+
z
y
2
dA
Dxy
Vi Dxy l hnh chiu ca mt S ln mt phng Oxy .
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Tch phn mt loi mt
Tng t, nu x = x(y , z), ta chiu mt S xung mt phng Oyz v c

cng thc
s
2 2
ZZ
ZZ
x
x
+
dA
f (x, y , z)dS =
f (x(y , z), y , z) 1 +
y
z
S
Dyz
Nu y = y (x, z), ta chiu mt S xung mt phng Oxz v c cng thc

s
2 2
ZZ
ZZ
y
y
f (x, y , z)dS =
f (x, y (x, z), z) 1 +
+
dA
x
z
S
Dxz
CH . Nu hnh chiu ca S xung mt phng Oxy l 1 ng cong

(khi S l mt tr song song Oz) th ta phi chiu S xung cc mt
phng to khc.
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Tch phn mt loi mt
V d
Tnh
RR
S
ydS vi S l mt cho bi z = x + y 2 , 0 x 1, 0 y 2.
Ta c
z
= 2y
y
z
=1
x
s
ZZ
ZZ
ydS =
1+
z
x
2

+
z
x
2
dA
p
y 1 + 1 + 4y 2 dy
0
0
Z 1 Z 2 p
=
dx 2
y 1 + 2y 2 dy
0
0
2
1 2

13 2
2 3/2
= 2 (1 + 2y ) =
4 3
3
0
=
dx
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FIGURE 2

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Tch phn mt loi mt
Nu S l mt trn tng phn, tc l hp ca hu hn mt trn

S1 , S2 , . . . , Sn v cc mt ny ch ct nhau ti bin ca chng, khi tch
phn mt ca hm f trn S cho bi
ZZ
ZZ
ZZ
f (x, y , z)dS =
f (x, y , z)dS + . . . +
f (x, y , z)dS
S
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S1
Sn

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Tch phn mt loi mt
V d
RR
Tnh S zdS vi S l mt ca vt th gii hn bi tr x 2 + y 2 = 1,
z = 0 v z = 1 + x.
T hnh, ta thy mt S l hp bi cc mt
S1 , S2 , S3 .
Vi mt S1 ta s dng to tr vi bn
knh r = 1
S (z=1+x)
S(+=1)
x = cos , y = sin , z = z
vi 0 2 v
0 z 1 + x = 1 + cos
S
FIGURE 3
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Tch phn mt loi mt

~i
~j

r rz = sin cos

0
0
~k
0
1

= cos ~i + sin ~j |r rz | = 1

Tch phn trn mt S1

ZZ
ZZ
zdS =
z|r rz |dA
S1
D
2
1
d
zdz =
(1 + cos )2 d
2
0
0
0

Z
1 2
1
=
1 + 2 cos + (1 + cos 2) d
2 0
2
2
1 3
3
=
=
2 2 0
2
1+cos
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Tch phn mt loi mt
RR
Trn mt S2 , z = 0 nn
zdS =
S2
RR
0dS = 0.
S2
Chiu mt S3 xung mt phng Oxy , ta c hnh trn n v D.

s
2 2
ZZ
ZZ
z
z
zdS =
(1 + x) 1 +
+
dA
x
y
D
S3
(1 + cos ) 1 + 1 + 0rdrd
0
2 Z 1
(r + r 2 cos )drd
0
0
Z 1
= 22
rdr = 2
Z
0
Z
= 2
Vy
ZZ
ZZ
zdS =
S
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ZZ
zdS +
S1
zdS +
S2
ZZ
zdS =
S3

3
+ 2
2

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Tch phn mt loi mt
Bi tp
1
RR
Tnh tch phn
xyzdS trong S l phn mt phng
x + y + z = 1 nm trong gc 1/8 th nht.
RR
1
Tnh tch phn
dS trong S l mt xung quanh ca
(1
+
x
+ y )2
S
t din x + y + z = 1, x = 0, y = 0, z = 0.
RR
Tnh tch phn
|xyz|dS trong S l phn mt z = x 2 + y 2 nm
S
gia 2 mt phng z = 0, z = 1.
RR
x
Tnh tch phn
dS trong S l mt cu
2 + y2
x
S
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = R 2 trong gc 1/8 th nht.
RR
Tnh tch phn (xy + yz + zx)dS trong S l phn ca mt nn
S
p
z = x 2 + y 2 b ct bi mt tr x 2 + y 2 = 2ax
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Tch phn mt loi hai
Tch phn mt loi hai
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Tch phn mt loi hai
nh ngha
Cho trng vector

F = (P(x, y , z), Q(x, y , z), R(x, y , z)) xc
nh trn mt nh hng S.
Gi ~n l vector php tuyn n v ca mt S.
Khi tch phn mt loi hai cho bi
ZZ
ZZ
F dS =
F ~ndA
S
Sij
F=v
n
S
0
x
FIGURE 10
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Tch phn mt loi hai
Nu mt S cho bi phng trnh tham s r (u, v ) th ~n tnh bi

1
~n =
(ru rv )
|ru rv |
Do
ZZ
ZZ
F dS =
ru rv
dS
|ru rv |
ZZ

ru rv
F (r (u, v )
|ru rv |dA
|ru rv |
vi D l min xc nh ca tham s. Vy ta c
ZZ
ZZ
F dS =
F (ru rv )dA
D
ZZ
=
Pdydz + Qdzdx + Rdxdy

S
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Tch phn mt loi hai
tnh tch phn mt loi hai, ta c th a v tch phn mt loi mt.

Tuy nhin trong mt s trng hp vector php tuyn n v phc tp, do
ta tnh theo cch sau
ZZ
I =
Pdydz + Qdzdx + Rdxdy
ZSZ
=
ZZ
Pdydz +
ZZ
Qdzdx +
Rdxdy
S
= I1 + I2 + I3
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Tch phn mt loi hai
Tnh I3
Gi Dxy l hnh chiu ca S xung mt phng Oxy . Khi

ZZ
ZZ
R(x, y , z)dxdy =
R(x, y , z(x, y ))dxdy
S
Dxy
Trong
1
Du "+" nu php vector to vi chiu dng ca Oz mt gc nhn.
Du "-" nu php vector to vi chiu dng ca Oz mt gc t.
Nu php vector vung gc vi tia Oz, tch phn I3 = 0.
Ch . Nu hnh chiu Dxy l mt ng cong th tch phn I3 = 0.
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Tch phn mt loi hai
V d
Tnh I =
RR
zdxdy vi S l pha ngoi mt cu x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = R 2 .
Gi
v S l haipna mt cu tng ng vi z 0 v z 0.
+
Trn S ta c z = R 2 x 2 y 2
ZZ
ZZ p
I1 =
zdxdz =
R 2 z 2 y 2 dxdy
S+
S+
x2
y2
R 2.
vi D : +
Trn S ta c z = R 2 x 2 y 2
ZZ
ZZ p
I1 =
zdxdz =
R 2 z 2 y 2 dxdy
S
Do
ZZ p
Z
2
2
2
I =2
R x y dxdy = 2
D
u Th Phit ()
Z
d
r
0
p
4
R 2 r 2 dr = R 3
3

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Tch phn mt loi hai
V d
Tnh
RR
x2 +
S
y2
x 2 dydz + y 2 dxdz + z 2 dxdy vi S l pha ngoi na mt cu

+ z 2 = R 2 , z 0.
Ta c
ZZ
I3 =
ZZ
z dxdy =
x 2 +y 2 R 2
Z
=
(R 2 x 2 y 2 )dxdy
Z
d
u Th Phit ()
(R 2 r 2 )rdr =
R 4
2

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Tch phn mt loi hai
Ta c
ZZ
I2 =
ZZ
y dzdx =
S
ZZ
y dzdx +
S1
y 2 dzdx
S2
vi S1 tng ng vi y 0 v S2 tng ng vi
y 0. (Tch phn trn na hnh trn v ngc du)
ZZ
Z
2
y dzdx =
y 2 dzdx I2 = 0
S1
ZZ
S2
y dzdx =
S1
(R 2 r 2 )rdr =
R 4
4
Tng t I1 = 0.
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Tch phn mt loi hai
Bi tp
1
Tnh
RR
zdxdy trong S l mt xung quanh, pha ngoi ca mt
S
2
2
2
gii hn
RR bi z = x + y , z = 0, z = 1
yzdydzxzdzdx + xydxdy trong S l mt ngoi ca t din
Tnh
cho bi
y + z a, x 0, z 0, z 0.
RR x +
y 2 zdydzxzdydz + x 2 ydxdy trong S l mt ngoi ca vt
Tnh
th gii hn bi z = x 2 + y 2 , x 2 + y 2 = 1 nm trong gc 1/8 th

nht.
RR
Tnh tch phn
x 2 zdydz + ydzdx + 2dxdy trong S mt pha
ngoi ca mt 4x 2 + y 2 + 4z 2 = 4 nm trong gc x 0, y 0,
z 0.
RR
Tnh tch phn
zdxdy trong S mt pha ngoi ca Ellipsoid
S
x2
a2
y2
b2
z2
c2
u Th Phit ()
= 1.
30 / 38
Tch phn mt loi hai
Cng thc Gauss - Ostrogratxki
Cho S l mt mt kn vi chiu hng ra ngoi, V v vt th bao quanh

bi S. Nu cc hm P(x, y , z), Q(x, y , z), R(x, y , z) v cc o hm ring
ca n lin tc trn min V th

ZZ
ZZZ
P
Q
R
Pdydz + Qdzdx + Rdxdy =
+
+
dxdydz
x
y
z
S
Nh vy, ta chuyn tch phn mt loi hai thnh mt tch phn bi ba.
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31 / 38
Tch phn mt loi hai
V d.
V dRR1.
(y z)dydz + (z y )dzdx + (z x)dxdy vi S l mt ngoi
Tnh
S
hnh lp phng 1 x 1, 1 y 1, 1 z 1.
V d 2.
RR
Tnh tch phn
ydydz + xydzdx zdxdy vi S l mt bin pha trong
S
ca min gii hn bi x 2 + y 2 leq4, 0 z x 2 + y 2 .
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Tch phn mt loi hai
nh l Stokes
Cho F = P~i + Q~j + R ~k l mt trng vector trong R3 . P, Q, R v cc o
hm ring tn ti. Khi ta nh ngha curl ca F l mt trng vector
trn R3

Q ~
P
R ~
Q
P ~
R
i+
j+
k
curlF =
y
z
z
x
x
y
d nh, ta c

~i
~k
~j

curlF =

x y z
P
Q
R

Q ~
P
R ~
Q
P ~
R
k
=
i+
j+
y
z
z
x
x
y
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Tch phn mt loi hai
nh l Stokes c xem nh nh l Green trong

khng gian nhiu chiu.
Trong nh l Green, ta ch ra mi lin h gi tch
phn kp trn min phng D v tch phn ng
trn ng bin.
nh l Stokes cho ta mi lin h gia tch phn
mt v tch phn ng trn ng bin ca mt
cong S.
n
n
C
y
FIGURE 1
Gi ~n l vector php tuyn n v trn mt S. Chiu dng ca ng

Stokes Theorem is named after the Irish
cong bin C l chiu gp ca bn tay phi khi ngnmathematical
tay ci
cng
chiu
physicist
Sir George
Stokes
(1819
1903).
Stokes
was
a
professor
at Camvi ~n.
bridge University (in fact he held the same
N
u Th Phit ()
position as Newton, Lucasian Professor of

Mathematics) and was especially noted for his
studies of fluid flow and light. What we call
Stokes Theorem was actually discovered by
the Scottish physicist Sir William Thomson
(1824 1907, known as Lord Kelvin). Stokes
learned of this theorem in a letter from Thomson
in 1850 and asked students to prove it on an

34 / 38
Tch phn mt loi hai
nh l.
nh l
Cho S l mt cong nh hng trn tng mng vi bin l mt ng
cong n, ng, trn tng khc C theo chiu dng. Cho F l trng
vector vi cc thnh phn c cc o hm ring lin tc trn min trong
R 3 cha S. Khi

~i
~k
~j

Z
ZZ

F dr =
curlF dS =
dS
x y z
C
S
P
Q
R

Q
P
R
Q
P
R
=
dydz +
dzdx +
dxdy
y
z
z
x
x
y
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35 / 38
Tch phn mt loi hai
V d
Tnh tch phn
x 2 y 3 dx + dy + zdz vi C l giao tuyn ca x 2 + y 2 = 4
vi mt z = 1 theo chiu ngc chiu kim ng h theo hng dng

ca trc Oz
Ta c P = x 2 y 3 , Q = 1, R = z. Theo cng thc
Stokes
Z
x 2 y 3 dx + 1dy + zdz
C
ZZ
=
0dydz + 0dxdz 3x 2 y 2 dxdy
=
0
3r 4 cos2 sin2 rdr = 8
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36 / 38
Tch phn mt loi hai
Bi tp 1.
1
Tnh
RR
zdxdy trong S l mt xung quanh, pha ngoi ca mt
S
2
2
2
gii hn
RR bi z = x + y , z = 0, z = 1
yzdydz + xzdzdx + xydxdy trong S l mt ngoi ca t
Tnh
din cho
x + y + z a, x 0, z 0, z 0.
RR bi
y 2 zdzdx + xzdydz + x 2 ydxdy trong S l mt ngoi ca
Tnh
vt th gii hn bi z = x 2 + y 2 , x 2 + y 2 = 1 nm trong gc 1/8 th

nht.
RR
Tnh tch phn
x 2 zdydz + ydzdx + 2dxdy trong S mt pha
ngoi ca mt 4x 2 + y 2 + 4z 2 = 4 nm trong gc x 0, y 0,
z 0.
RR
Tnh tch phn
zdxdy trong S mt pha ngoi ca Ellipsoid
S
x2
a2
y2
b2
z2
c2
u Th Phit ()
= 1.
37 / 38
Tch phn mt loi hai
Bi tp 2.
RR
Tnh S z 2 dydz + xdzdx zdxdy vi S l mt xung quanh hng
bn ngoi ca vt th gii hn bi z = 4 y 2 , z = 0, x = 1, x = 0.
RR
Tnh S (y + z)dydz + (x z)dzdx + (z + 1)dxdy vi S l mt pha
trn ca na mt cu x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = R 2 , z 0.
R
Tnh y 2 dx + z 2 dy + x 2 dz trong C l chu tuyn ca tam gic
C
ABD vi cc nh A(2, 0, 0), B(0, 0, 2), D(0, 0, 2) ly theo chiu

ngc chiu kim ng h nhn t chiu dng trc Oz.
u Th Phit ()

38 / 38

Surface Integral - Tích phân mặt

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Surface Integral - Tích phân mặt

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Gii tch hm nhiu bin

Chng: TCH PHN MT

Ngy 26 thng 4 nm 2014

Gii tch hm nhiu bin Chng: TCH PHN MT

Tch phn mt loi mt

Tch phn mt loi hai

Gii tch hm nhiu bin Chng: TCH PHN MT

Gii tch hm nhiu bin Chng: TCH PHN MT

is a vector-valued function defined on a region D in the uv-plane. So x, y, and z, the component

Tng t biu din ng cong bng hm vector r (t) vi mt tham s t,

Gii tch hm nhiu bin Chng: TCH PHN MT

r (u, v ) = 2 cos u~i + v~j + 2 sin uk

Gii tch hm nhiu bin Chng: TCH PHN MT

of Figures 4 and 5, with moving grid curves,

r (u, v ) = h(2 + sin v ) cos u, (2 + sin v ) sin u, u + cos v i

Gii tch hm nhiu bin Chng: TCH PHN MT

x ! a sin " cos !

y ! a sin " sin !

as the parametric equations of the sphere. The corresponding vector equati

We have 0 % " % # and 0 % ! % 2#, so the parameter domain is the rect

x = a sin cos , y = a sin sin , z = a cos

r (, ) = a sin cos ~i + a sin sin ~j + a cos ~k

Gii tch hm nhiu bin Chng: TCH PHN MT

nates (Equations 15.8.1), we obtain

x ! a sin " cos !

y ! a sin " sin !

as the parametric equations of the sphere. The corresponding vector equati

We have 0 % " % # and 0 % ! % 2#, so the parameter domain is the rect

3) Tm phng trnh tham s

trying to graph the sphere x 2 & y 2 & z 2 ! 1

Gii tch hm nhiu bin Chng: TCH PHN MT

Din tch mt cong

Khi din tch mt D cho bi

Gii tch hm nhiu bin Chng: TCH PHN MT

Gii tch hm nhiu bin Chng: TCH PHN MT

Tch phn mt loi mt

Tch phn mt loi mt

Gii tch hm nhiu bin Chng: TCH PHN MT

Tch phn mt loi mt

Tch phn mt loi mt

Cho mt S bi phng trnh vector

Gi s min D l hnh ch nht, ta chia thnh cc

Gii tch hm nhiu bin Chng: TCH PHN MT

Tch phn mt loi mt

Ly gii hn khi m, n ta nh ngha tch phn mt loi mt

Gii tch hm nhiu bin Chng: TCH PHN MT

Tch phn mt loi mt

Khi gii hn i vi mt th hm s, gi s S cho bi z = z(x, y )

Vi Dxy l hnh chiu ca mt S ln mt phng Oxy .

Gii tch hm nhiu bin Chng: TCH PHN MT

Tch phn mt loi mt

Tng t, nu x = x(y , z), ta chiu mt S xung mt phng Oyz v c

Nu y = y (x, z), ta chiu mt S xung mt phng Oxz v c cng thc

CH . Nu hnh chiu ca S xung mt phng Oxy l 1 ng cong

Gii tch hm nhiu bin Chng: TCH PHN MT

Tch phn mt loi mt

Gii tch hm nhiu bin Chng: TCH PHN MT

Tch phn mt loi mt

Nu S l mt trn tng phn, tc l hp ca hu hn mt trn

Gii tch hm nhiu bin Chng: TCH PHN MT

Tch phn mt loi mt

Gii tch hm nhiu bin Chng: TCH PHN MT

Tch phn mt loi mt

Tch phn trn mt S1