..

1994

 63.5 89

.
.

..

..

..
?

89 , , - , .
II . .. ,
, ,
, ,
.

ISBN 5-02-017473

.., 1994
, 1994
040228-22/01, 92 .


............................................................................................... 5
.................................................................. 11

.................................................................... 13

................................................................... 34
I.

........................................................................ 52
II.

.................................................. 67
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......................................................................................... 106
, ................................ 137
. ......................................................... 156
.......................................................................................... 163
...................................................................................... 195
III.

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............................................................... 216

.......................................................................................217
II . . ................223
.................248
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.................................................................................... 264

 ...................................................................... 268
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.................................................................. 360
............................................................................. 365
( 1).
.................................................................... 365
( 2).
......................................... . .................... 367

( 3) ........................................................ 370
14 ............................................................ 372
............................................................. 377
Summary ................................................................................ 378
List of Illustrations . . ............................................................ 381
, ................................................................ 384

 ..
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,

II . ..
XVIII ; ; ,
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. 64-71; 1 9806; 1981, . 11-33; 19816, . 80-92; 1984]
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1901], ., .., . [Benveniste, 1966], .,
., . [1938], . [Christensen, 1943], .
[Herzfeld, 1947], - . [1958, . 245], .
[Morgenstierne, 1973], . [1964, . 97, 228, 238], . [1976, . 9-36;
Barrow, 1973, . 123-140]; . [Brandenstein, 1948; 1962], .
[Bailey, 1955; 1957], . [Hauschild, 1962], . [1972, . 29-33]
. [Mayrhofer, 1966; 1974], . [, 1975], .
[Harmatta, 1981, . 75-82], . [Parpola, 1973; 1988].
.. [1955, . 591], . [1956, . 124
125, 149-151; 1958, . 23, 24, 29; 1960, . 199; 1981, . 90-100; 1982], .
[1960, . 108-111], . [1961, . 40-42, 64], .. [1963
. 20-35; 1979, . 27-29, 32, 35-45; 19796, . 51, 61-65], .. [1965,
. 4, 118-140; 1972, . 26-37; 1981, . 84-88], ..- [, , 1969, . 121-131; -, , 1983, . 154 202], .. [1970, . 360 .], .. [1972, . 4-8
1989, . 429-431], .. [1972, . 28, 33-43], . [, , 1980, . 39-43] .. ..
[1960, . 10-22], .. [1963, . 11-18]. . [1958, .
280-282] , " ", .. . .. [1961] - , . .. [1960, . 351-357] , "
. ..
[1965, . 134, 135] . .. [1961,
. 40-42,64] . [1970, . 359-360]

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[Brandenstein, 1962, . 3], . [Barrow, 1973, . 126] . [,
1975] - , . [1970, . 126] II . ..

 ,
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. 232-236], . [19616, . 172, 173; 19666, . 149-160; 1974, . 14],
[1962, . 291-295; 1963, . 127-133; 1964; 1967, . 122-126;
1981, . 160-162], .. [1963, . 155-158; 1971, 19716; 1972,
19726; 1974, 19746; 1981; 1987; 1988; , , 1977], .. [1965, . 347], .. [1966, . 258; 1968, . V, VI],
[1973], .. [19776; 1985], .. [1977, . 133
140, 170], . [1983; 1984; 1989], .. [1982, . 206
209], .. [1992] . ,

, .
[, 1977, . 134137], [, 1980], - . .. [1977, . 2751; 1987, . 46]
,
. .. [1968, . 131141] ()
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1967, . 122126] , ,

, .. [1981]. [1972, . 134-143; 19726, . 116-121; 1975, . 64-67]
, . . [Antonini Silvl, 1969],
.
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,
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8

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,
.. -.
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. 7-9, 14-18] .. [1981, . 245-272], , , , , , -,

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1992, 4].
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 : , ,
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22

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5, 101, 105, 113]. .
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1975; 1980; 1984, , 1975; 1979].
[, 1975].
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23

 , , "
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. .

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(., [, 1956, . III; , 1966, . 7;
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XLIII, 4, XLVII, 1, 3, LI, 4, 8, 16). ,
. , ..
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24

, , . , - , , , [, 1973, . 164].
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, II .
.. [, 1973, . 165166].
, , , .., . ..- [1973] , . XVIXV
. .., .. . ..
[1973] : , , ,
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25

 , . [,
1969; 1972; 1974; 1983] (); .. [1985] .. [1980;
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26

 ,
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. : - XVII-XVI . .. (, ); - XV-XIV . ..; - XIV
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(XIIIX ). 28

 . [1972,
. 34, 35, 60; 19766; 19836], (
VIII . ..). ..,
, .
[1975] [, 1981; 1983; 1984; 1989].
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[Gryaznov, 1969]. 1978 .
.. ,
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, 1988]. :
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29


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. II.
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1985, .29, 31, 18, 32, 34, 21],
; -
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, , ,
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, 1980; 1983]. .. [1983, . 21-28], ,

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, , 1990; , 1986; , 1987; , , 1988].
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[, 1976; , 1979; 1980; , 1978; , , 1983], .. [1976, . 187] ,
,
XVI . ..... XV-XIV . ..
-
[, 19876].
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31

 . , : I ; II
; III .
I , ..,
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.. [1980; 1983; 1984], .. 1987]).
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. [1978].
32

 -
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158]
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XIII . .., ,
: 1. ..
, .. ,
[, 1978, . 91;
, , 1983, . 148,149]; 2.
; 3.
- XVI-XIV . .. - .. [1976]; 4.
. [1975, . 286]
.., , ; 5. , .. , , . .
.. [1982, . 15, 16; 1985, . 148-158]
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33

 , , [, 1983, .64, 65;

, 1985; 19866; 19876]. .. ,
, ,
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, 80-
,
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30 ,
1981 .
< .
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- [, 19866].
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1991]. - . ,
, , , .
1981 . . .
, , [, 1992]
, -
- (, VI, ,
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34

 , , XVIIXVI . .. : ,
- [, , 1977].

, , , [, 1987; 1989; 1991], , .
, [, 1987; 1988; 1991], , XIIIX . ..,
, ,
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1981 .
, II . ..
.
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35

 I. .

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37

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.. [1963] .. [1965]; 5.
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, .
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; 2.
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38

 , , III, , III, II, , I, I, V, I.

. I, II, ,
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1951, .120,121; , 1956; , 1962; , 19626; ,
1962, . 41; 1967, . 33; , 1969; 1983; 19836; 1985; , 1973;
1973; 19746; 1975; 1976; 1983; 1988, . 22-57, 71-86; 1989; 1992;
., , 1980; .1973, . 132, 133,175, 176; 1974, .144-147, 484,485;
1975, .168, 169, 205; 1976, . 510; 1977, .513-514; 1978, . 161, 162, 268, 530,
532; 1979, .137, 138, 228, 433; 1930, .434, 436, 442; , 1975; 1977;
, , 1977; , 1980; 1984; , 1982; 1983;
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[, 1989] , .
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157

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.14] . VI ( 4, 1) , [, 1984, 145
146]. [. 1978,
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158


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., ., 1980], [. 1953, .111,112],
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II;

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Dalton, 1964, . 49, . IV, X, XIV, XV, XLI; Boardman, 1970, 882].
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1965; Beck, 1972]. . [Bailey, 1955, . 712] . kur ,
kurpasa, kurtak, . ..- [1982, .53] . . , ,
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160

 , [, 1949, .53; 1979, III

.26, 27, 79, 125]. :
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1989, .449; Parpola, 1985]. , , [Dhalla,
1922, .174]. ,
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880, 891, 892, 879, 903, 964. 990; , 1979, .35-40, . 1, 2].
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161

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162


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1975, . 5, 5], - [, 1979, . 159, 3, 232, ] .
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. 5, 8; , 1974, . 69; Hausler, 1981, . 11; , 1982,
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. 9295; , 1975, . 1113],
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1962]. : ,
163

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19626, . 3, 4; ., 1966, . 175; 1979, . 258, 259; -, 1948, . 102; , 1966, I]. -, 164

 , (. 34),
- [, , 1977, . 167 ., . 22, 100, 3; , 1977,
. 13; , 1979, . XVI; , 1980, . 2930].

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. 136, 157; , 1976, . 111; , 1963, . 38-44; 1980, . 19-27,
34]. [Bulliet,
1975, . 141, 148; Compagnoni, Tosi, 1978, . 87-100].
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1951; 1954; Bulliet, 1975, . 153-159]. - I (11161077 . ..), -- (10741057. ..) - I
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, 1956]. gammalu,
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[Salonen, 1955-1956, . 85-87]. ,

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1901, . 405; Redard, 1964, . 155-162; Mayrhofer, 1956, . 113-114; ,
1976, . 143] ,
gammalu.
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1950, . 269, 275]. ,
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1979, . 433; 1981, . 434; , 1977; Gening, 1979; , 1983, . 55,
. 2; 1988, . 76, 86, . 29, 2-6, 31, 9-12; , 1987, . 26; 1991, . 10,
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11].
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433; , 1988, . 73, 74, 78, 80, 135, . 29]; I, II, I, , , , , , , , , , .
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. 74-77].

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5-6; , 1978, . 163 .], [, 1971, . 66], -
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. 540, .; 1974, . 6268]. 4, 6 8 , , , , . ,
;
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166

 [Bussagli, 1955].
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[Bussagli, 1955; Anati, 1960; ,
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.
79 [Nagel, 1966, . 1530]. , , , [, 1930, . V, VII, X, XXIV;
Anati, I960, . 3, 4; Furumark, 1941, . 56]
[Wiesner, 1968, . 5, 6, 13; , 1957, . 248, 334, . 45].
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19766, . 28; , 1980, . 232].

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Piggott, 1978; , 1980; , 1980; Shaughnessy, 1988]. ,
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1955]. ,

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82, [ .
1955, . 9; . 1961, 2, 1972, 4, 1977, 1; , 1977, . 133-140,
173, . 64-67; , 1977, . 279-280; 19776; ., 1978; ,
1980, . 164-169; Dewall, 1964, . 124-127, 205-221; Watson, 1961, . 64].

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10 ). ,
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200-205; Gode, 1960; Pusalker, 1963; Margabandhu, 1973; Sparreboom, 1985;
Rau, 1986]. anas
rdtha. : 168

 indranasa
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169

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16]. . ,
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. 598-602] - , ,
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Santoni, 1979, . 9295, 100] II I . .., , .
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3, 1, 2, 7, 9, 10; , 1985; 1986; 1988, . 138-139, . 31, 7, 8].
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[1965], . [1976, . 122-124, . 2], .. .. [1977, . 42-43, . 11].
[, 1976, . 59-75; Huttel, 1978, . 65-86].
1978 . -

(. 37) [, 1980, . 821, . 1], [Azzaroli, 1985, . 10].

171

 : IV [, 1986, . XVII, 6], IV , [, , 1990, . 127] -

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173

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174

 III [. 1979, . . 138]. ,

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175

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(. 38), [, , 1977, . 46-50, . 12].
.
- () [Mylonas, 1957,
. 43, 45] :
I III IV , 1428 [, 1930, . V, LXX,
533, 535, XX, 38].
, IV, V [, 1930,
319, 337, 344, 676], ,
[Muller-Karpe, 1980, . 243,
6]. , V- ,
III, IV, V [, 1930, . XXI, N 23,
LXI, 340, 345]. , , - [MullerKarpe, 1980, . 291, 8, 294, 7, 298, 17, 159, 4], V-

[Muller-Karpe, 1980, . 287, FI, 3] (,
). II XVI . ..

, ,
I [, 1930, . 70, N 534].
[, , 1961, . 14].
, , [Furumark, 1941, 65]. ,
, [, ,
1951, . 56, . 10, 12].
XVIII ,
XVI . .. [Muller-Karpe,
1978, . 16-18].
, , V
[, 1930, N 707, 716, 722] .
[, 1980, . 1, 2, 2,2].
[Piggott, 1965, . XVIII, 6].
, XVI . .., , [, 1968;
178

Hachman, 1957; Tocik, 1959; Foltiny, 1967; Kdvacs, 1969; Bona, 1975; Huttel,
1982]. ,
.
. III , IV (, ).
, I
XVI . ..
IV , 15701550 . .. [Mylonas,
1957, . 181; Marinatos, 1960, . 177], terminus ante quern
,
XVII . ..
,
. .
XVII . .. , -,
(1645 . ..), -14; -,
, [. S.Dietz. The Argolid at the Transition to the Mycenaean Age.
(Studies in the Chronology and Cultural Development in the Shaft Grave Period
Copenhagen. 1991; P.Warren, P.V.Hankey. Aegean Bronze Age Chronology.
Bristol, 1989; B.Kemp, R. Merrilleese. Minoan Pottery in Second Millenium Egypt.
Mainz, 1980].
Q.Killian-Dirlmeier. Jewellery in Mycenaean and Minoan Warrior
Graves. - Problems in Greek Prehistory. Bristol, 1988]
[Centuries of Darkness. A Challenge to the Conventional
Chronology of Old World Archaeology. L, 1991].
. ,
, XVIIIXVII .
..
II, ,
, XVI .
.. , XVIXV .
..
III
V . V
II ( XV
. ..) [Palmer, 1965, . 171], 7 ( , .. XIV . ..), < ,
- XIII . .., , , XV-XIV . .. [Wase, 1960, . 42]. ,
III
XVXIV . .. terminus ante quem II,
XVI . ..
, ,

179

 ,
, [Sulimirski,
1970, . 273-276, . 66; Beresanskaja, 1971, . 7, 8; , , 1977,
. 4350], [Smith, 1987].
,

. . -, [, 1969, . 54],
, . , ,
.
,
. ,
IV . .., III . ..
, [, 1977] , :
[Vanderpool, 1959, . 277283]. , .

- .
, I ,
,
.
.
. ,
,
, : IA , I
(. 37; 39).
IA, 1 -
(
) [, 1952, . 58, . 7,2], - [. 1977, . 514, . . 513] II [, 1983,
. 63], - [, 1966, . XXXVIII, 22]
[,
1959, . 16, . 8];
, [,
1968, . 27, . 3, 52; 1982, . 139-140, . 55,7,11, 56,59, 67; ,
1977, . 2, 3].
180

 [. 1975, . 383; , 1982, . 40, 2].

- ,
.
I2
I , ,
[, , 1975, . 254-257, . 1,1,2]. IA,
.. [1961, . 6063, . 9,1, 11,1] ( II
) , . [Mozsolics, 1953,
. 6, 4-6; Bukonyi, 1953, . 11, . 2; Foltiny, 1967, . 28, .11, 6, 7].
IA [Huttel,
1978, . 9; 1982, . 4], I - .
, III
IV,
[, 1980, . 15, . 1]. ,
,
,
- ,
- ,
[Huttel, 1982, . 3, 5, 8] ,

, 85. . III ,
XIVXII . .. . [, 1975, . 105,139]
1450-1200 . .. XVXIII . ..
,
: XIV . ..,
- - 122980 . ..
. - . . : I
, II - (. 37; 39).
I - IV [, 1974, . 55, . 2,6]:
.
:
.
[, 1987, . 1, 4]
[, 1988, . 78, . 30, 22, 23].
[, 1988, . 30,24, 25],
(, , ).
I 181

 II,
XVI . ..
; II,
.
II .
II
, II . II -, [, 1966, .
XXXVIII, 30]. [, 1982, . 127, .
40,3] [, 1980, . 15],
-
, ,

( .. ).
( )
( , 2,
, ); , , , [ ., 1957, .
47-50, . 1, 2; , 1968, . 102-104, . . 103; 1970, . 234,
. 2, 1, 5; , 1976, . 151, . 72, IV.2; , 1976, . 10, ;
, 1976, . 158, 160, . 4,1; ., 1986, . 100].

(, , -),
(, , -, )
(). ;
, [. 1980, .
144].
.
( , ,
) II
III ; ,

. .. .. [1961, . 52, 57] (
) - ,
.
, , , . . 1400-1100 . .. [Tocik 1959, . 42-53, . II, 3]
182

, . .
[Mozsolics 1960, . 133 .]
. . [Foltiny, 1967, . 23, . 7,6] , 14501300 . .., 1200 . .. ;
, , . [Hachmann, 1957, . 174-175, . 7, 10-12].
. [Kovdcs, 1969, . 159-164]

1450-1300 . ..87 . [Kovdcs, 1969, . 164], . [, 1975,
. 105] . [Hansel, 1968]
XVI-XV . .. .


[, 1976, . 158, 159, . 5; , , 1977, . 47, . 12, 6].
[Marinatos, 1960, . 90, . 202; Tasic,
1973, . 32, . IV, 4] XVIXV
. .. - II .
.. , : , .

- , XVXIII . ..,
14 - 1229+80 ..
III
[, 1958, . 275, . I,1],
. , II. . .. [1970, . 45, .
30, 4] , XIII .
..
[, 1992, . 6].
I II .
in
situ .. [1961, . 50-51, . 3] ,
;
,
, , ,
88 [, 1961, .63].
I in situ .

183

 [Wiesner, 1968, . 15 ,]. .. [1976] , .

,
, , (
) ( )
. :

(, ), , ;
,
, .
: ,
:
( - - ), . , .
- ( . -
I, , ,
[Potratz, 1966, . 103-116, . 45, 46; . 106-109, 115].
(--), , -,
[Littauer, Crouwel, 1982, . XVII; 19866, . XLII],
-- [Crouwel, 1981, . 1, 24].
, .
, .,
XVII . .., .
[Potratz, 1966, . 109, , 115, 116], XVI-XV . .. ..
-- ( ) 1413
1377 . .., 13751350 . .. II (XIII . ..) [, 1965,
. 105]. 13001100 . .. .. [Htittel, 1978, . 10] XVI-XIII
. .. Terminus ante quern - XIII . .. . . [Littauer,
Crouwel, 1979, . 208; 1982, . 178; 1986, . 165] , , II .
..
,
. . . [1964, . 302],
. [1961, . 57, 71-72; , , 1977, . 43],
184

.. [19716, . 92-93; 1977; 1980, . 18], .. [1976, . 147148], .. [1976, . 60-61] , : ..

, .., .. .. , .. , . . [Mozsolics, 1960, . 125] , . .
[Potratz, 1941] . X.. [Huttel, 1978] ,
,
, . , .. [1965, . 203-204], .. [1966, . 189]
. [, 1976, . 75] ,
; - ,
. . [Iittauer, 1969, . 298],
, ,
,
. [Iittauer, Crouwel, 1979]
.
, ,
, : ,
, , . 81:
, ,
. , , , , . , ,
.
, -, ,
,
,
, 89 [Huttel, 1978,
10, . 3],
90. 1450-1300 . ..,
14501300 . .., .
[Foltiny, 1967, . 23]. -
: ( ) ( ).
, -

185

 , , ' XVI .
.. -, ,
, ,
, ,
. , - .
II .
.. - ,
- , , , , ; , , 91.
, ..,
.
, , ,
, .
, - . ( ) ,
.

,
,
92.

III
() 93. , , ,
.
,
, ,
. ,
.
. I , ,

94.
4
[ ., 1966, . XXIV, 7] 95.
, 186

 , , [, 1965, . 7071; , 1968, . 16-34; 1982, . 138-139, . 55, 4-5; , 1970, .

45-46, . 30, 5; , 1976, . 164, 165, 170, . 4, 2; ,
1982, . 40; .,1986, . 29, 4, 7, 10].
- [, 1958, .
3439, . 1; , 1966, . 5960, . XV, 41].
, --, , , .. XIIXI .
.. .- 96 [ .,
1961, . 6365], . 1100 . ..,
- XIIIXI . .. [, 1970, . 106110],
14 - 1360 40 . ..
[, , 1966, . 188, . 5].
II -
( ), I [, 1979, . 6,4; 1985, . 289, . 17,1,108, 237]
- [, 1979, . 161, 16] 97.
. [1979, . 12] .
()
[, 1986, . , 38, 29]. V ..
[1961, . 12].
(),
, (, , ) [ ., 1961, 6; , 1969, . 55,163; ,
1971, . 2,18,19, 4; , 1982, . 140, . 55, 8-10; ,
1982, . 40, 5]. , , . [Foltiny, 1967, . 30, . 13] , , .
[Mozsolics, 1960, . 90-93], , , :
, , [, 19566, . 74; , .,
1970, . 46-47, . 1, 113; , 1974, . 58-60, . 13, 4, 30, 7, 45,
3], .

, VIII . ..,
terminus ante quern [, 1953, . 109, ,
. 24; 1954, . 7].


,
[, 1988, . 87, . 5, 2].

187

 [, 1982, . 55, 2] [, 1970], XIIIXI . .. . -, ,

, VI [, 1987,
. 6; 1988, . 3, 4, 6; 1991, . 15, 20], .

II [, 1966, . 60, . XV, 40].
I, VIB,
[Contenau, Ghirshman, - 1935, . V, 6; Chirshman, 1939, . LVI, LVII;
1963, . 338], , ,
- VIB .
I . .. terminus ante quern .
- (668629 . ..), . [Potratz, 1966, . 28, 33] .
[, 1987, . 6, 5-7; 1988, . 4, 10-13, 5]


, ,
[ , 1987.
. 32, 33], 98.
.
.
4 , [ .,
1966, . 215, . XXIV, 8]. II
, , [, 1976, . 165, . 7, 19].

(1050-1032 . .. ) [Foltiny, 1967, . 4].
, XVII IX . .. I II XVIXIII . ..
, in
situ
. III II, , ,
188

 . II . .. .

, XVIXII . ..
- , , , , .
, .
, , ,
, ..; , ,
, , [, 1949, . 54;
Bailey, 1955, . 114; 1957], ,
[, 1959; 19696; 1974; Dumonte, 1927; , 1946; Renou, 1954].
,
rataestar , . - ,
" [Leroy, 1946; 1957;
Brandenstein, 1962].
,
II . .. .
100, ,
( ).
-
, , - [, 1976, . 30;
: , 1989, . 429,430];
, , .

. , , .
(XIV . ..)
, ( , , , , ). ,
[Ebeling, 1951; Salonen, 19551956; Kammenhuber,
1961], , ,

189


.
. [Kammenhuber, 1968],
,
. .. [1970].
. [Mayrhofer,
1974]. . [, 1970] , , ( )
,
101.
,
.
,
, ,
[Zaccagnini, 1977, . 2138]: , 30
, , , , , , , ( )
gurpisu (. ),
, , ,
(. ). ,
. 140-190,
.
, , (
III, 90 - IV).
, , . , , ,
,
,
. II . ..,
, ,
,
[, 1966, . 33-37; Medvedskaya, 1982].

. 15
, 20 , ;
, , [, 1982, . 28, 41, 43,
44; , 1981, . 147151]. . -
190

 [, 1979, . 200]. ,
. [Dhalla, 1922, . 183].
, -. [VI, 47, 26
28] , , : ,
! , ! (,
VI, 125).
-. (VII, 19) , , , (V, III, 5) . : .
, , ,
[Rau, 1973; 1983].
[Dnhalla, 1922, . 131133]; ( , ).
, , , [ 5, 10, 30; ,
67, 27]. [ 5, 130; 10, 131; 14,
27], [ 10, 39, 102; 15, 48; 17, 12], [ 7, 28;10, 39]
, 100
6, 5, 10, 96; 101, 132; 11, 10, 11], [ 10, 96,
131]. , [ 13, 45; 15, 57] .
- ,
, , (, ) [,
1972, . 33]. , , ,
, , , , ,
, 1972, . 35, 187, 193, 213, 216, 219, 221, 222; Pant,1978].
- :
, ,
, - .
: , ,
- .
: ( , VII,
8, 17-18) , : , ,
. - (, IV, 5-7)
, : , ,
.
.
, , ype XVIIXVI . .. .
,
191

 , ,
-
. , , -, , , , ,
-,
, , , [, 1977]; 4 6
IV , , , , , 6 - , , , , -, [ ., 1992, . 4-6], , , -, , , [, 1992, . 1], , ,
[, , 1990, . 28].
( ) 102.
, I II .
.
.. [1940; 1949], .. [1970] .. [1967; 1970]
,
IV . ..
- , :
,
[, 1974; ,
1977; Mallory, 1981]. , , ,
, [Azzaroli, 1975].
, .
XII . ..
,
. 103
XII . .. ,
.
, , , ,
[Anderson, 1961; Bosert, 1942, . 91, . 945, 1183; Hanfmann, 1961; ,
1900, . LX, 2, LXI, 8; , 1935, . 14; , 1973].
.
, I . ..
192

 (. , 1, 5, 4, 26, 10, 26) [. 1951, 2, . 296, 299,

3, . 330; Yadin, 1963, . 184-186; Saggs, 1963, . 2].
, I .
..
[Herzfeld, 1938, . 50-51; Barnett, 1960; Barnett, Falber, 1962; Hanfmann, 1961,
. 243-255; Yadin, 1963, . 415-417, 442-443, 450-451].
, . .
, . [Gimbutas, 1956], .. .. [1972] , , . -, . [19616, . 77-80; 19666]
. [Comsa, 1976],
,
, . -, , , , , , ,
..
[, 1980].
. ,
, ,
[, 1967, . 136160; , 1946, . 200
205; Pusalker, 1963]. . basar [Benveniste, 1951, . 122124], .
( - I .
..), , II . ..
.

equeta . ,

, ; VI . ..
[, 1957, .
324-330].
,

193

 , , , , , ,
.
.. [1979, III, . 357] , , , , ,
, (, , , , .).
, -, , , , ; -,
(,
, ),
. XVIIXVI . .., XII . ..
XII . ..
. . [1970]
,
II . ..
VIII . ..
. , , -, ,
[Dyson, 1965, . 210-211; 1967; Ghirshman, 1964, . 56; 1963,
. 24, 26, 28; Muscarella, 1968, . 35; Negahban, 1964, . 15, 16],
VI [Maleki, 1964, . 35; Vanden
Berghe, 1959, . 104-123; 1968; Ghirshman, 1963, . 279]; , , ,
[7000 ans., . 25, 130,131; Calmeyer, 1964, . 10, 26;
Cabus, 1967, . XVII], [, 1934, . 38; 1935; Potratz, 1942,
. 12-14, 40], VI [Ghirshman, 1939, . 1; 1963, . 69, 75].
VI (III , II).
. [Ghirshman, 1939] 10 ,
, .
,
[, 1971; 1973; 1977; , 1977; Mallory, 1981]. ,

, , , .
194


, , .

.

- [1948, . 103-104] .. [1949, . 56].

, [, 19516, . 126; 1954, . 248]. : 1. ,
[-, 1948, .
73]. 2. ,
[, , 1934; , 1977, . 111]. 3.
[, 1960, . 44, . XXXVI, 19]. 4. II
,
, ( ..).

15-25 ,
26 : , (, ) : , , -, , , II,
, , , , I, -, , -, -, , -, ,
, [-, 1948, .10304, .18, 30; , 19516, .125, .12; 1967, .; , 1962,
8; 19626, .14, .3, 6; 19646, .106; ., 1966, . XXXIII, XL,
2; LVIII, 2, 3; LX .260; 1979, .262, . 8, 1, .126, 134, 162,
64, 165, 172, 180; , 1960, .37, . XXV, XXVI, 2, XXVII, 13,
:1, 3, 4, 7, L, 5, LI, LII; , 1979, .11, 18; , 1975, .3,
5, 16, 4, 12, 5, 8].
.
-,
[
., 1966, .260; , 1967, .; , 19636, .127].
,
(. 61,1), .
,
.
, , , ,

195

( , , ,
) [, 19646, .106; , 1979, .126, 180; ,
1960, ., 1949, .1,1, , III, V,l].
.
(. 61,1). ( ),
( ,
III, II, , VIII, I, II, , I) (
),
[, 1935, .67, 6;
, 1956, .30-31, .7, 26; , 1958, .276, 278, ., 2; , 1960, . VIII, 4, 5; , 1966, .44-46, . IX; , 1967,
.331, .53, 7, 8; , 1973, .118; , 1975, . 5, 10, ; , 1972, .6, 1; , 1979, .59, .166; , 1979, .14;
, 1988, . 10, 20, 21].
,
. [-, 1955, .54, .12, 12; ,
1967, . 2, 3, 5, 6, 1-5, 24, 12; , 1970, .54, 12-17, 55,1-9].
-
,
.
.

[-, 1948,
.103; , 1960, ., 14].
- - (. 43),
, , , , ,
, , , -, , ,
, , II , II -
I . .. [, 1949, ., 4; 1960, .38, 44, 162, -XXXVI, 19,
XVI, 11; , 1958, .141; , , 1963, .108, .83; ,
1960, .123, .1, 6-7, 7, 20; , 1955, .3, 5; . 1969, .393; 1973,
.467; , 1966, .5456, .1; , , 1980, .145146, .1, 17-19; -, 1948, .107, .27,3; , 1975,
.112; , . .108, 1, 2; , 1974, .1,4; , 1973,
.118, , 1979, .15; , 1979, .6,3].

( ). .. [1933, .] ,
, ,
196

 .
, , , ,
. ( , , )
[. 1909, .29, .65-66, .6,11; -, 1955, .62,
.14,7; , 1066, .132; , 1970, .55, 10-15].
, , ,
[, 1988, . 10, 10], .
,
, ,
- - ,
, [, 1961; 1966, .56-57, . XI, 9,
10, 15-17; 1967, .1; , , 1980, .86-87, .1, 10;
, 1960, .123, .1, 8; , ..108,4; , 1970, .141].
, , ,
, .
, .
, , . , [, 1948, .; , 1951, .124; , 1960, .88,
., 1966, .260-261, , 1973, .104; , .111; , 1985, .
318]. ,
, ;
, , [, , 1977, .35,
.3,2, ., , 1980, .183, .1,7]
,
[, 1951, .120, .32, , 19616, .92-93, .32, 10; , 1951, .159, .2, 10; , 1958, .275, .1, 9-11].
, [, 1949, .67, .VIII, 2; Martin,
1883, .VIII, 9; , 1966, .17, ., 12]. [-, 1955, .13,35; , 1970, .52, 4-9, 11-14; , 1967,
.6, 15, 24, 4; , 1986, . XV, 9, 10].
, , , ,
(. 43). II, ( )
II . ..
-, , , , , II,
197

 [Tallgren, 1911, .123, .71; ,

1927, .211; 1930, .162, 156, ., 13, 14; , 1949, . VIII, 2; 1960,
.44, 82, 164, . XXXVI, 7, LXIV, 9, LXVII, 5; , 1957, . 61,5;
, 1966, .18-20, ., 9,10,14-17; 1968, .13-15; ,
, 1980, .144, . 1, 25; , 1975, .112, , 19746,
.320; 1979, .12; , 1979, .2,4; , 1988, . , 18]. :
.
, , .
.
, [, 1941, .251254; , 1964, .59
63; , 1960, .80, 81], ,
, , , - [,
1951, .1,17; 1960, .83, . XV, 4; , 1960, .122, . VII.4; , 19616, .258, 259; 1966, .24-26, -V; , 1979, .2, 3].
,
[ , 1979, .18],
.

. , , , I- VII, II, II, ,
, , , , -, , ,
-, , ,
[-, 1948, ., .28, 1,2; , 19516, .124-125; 1967, .331; , , 1962, .6; , 1962, .14, .3, 8; 19646, .106; ., 1966, .260, . XXIII, XXXVII, 1, XXXIII, 15, XLIII, 1, XLVII;
, 1979, .171, 215, 231, .126, 164, 5, 173, 180, 4, 5; , I960,
.29, 37, 56, 88, . XVI, XXVI, 4, 5, XLIX; , 1979, all; , 1985, . 318].
, .
., - [, 1960, .56]. .. ,
, , , . , , .
,
, ,
,
198

, . ,
,
.
, , , . , ,
, . ,
, ,
.
( XII).

, , ,
, ,
, 108. ,
, 109, , ,
.
,
.
,
,
[, 1969; , 1977, .176-178],
. , [, 1967,
.333-334; , 1979, .19].
,
, -, , ,
, , , . [, 1979, .263270, .
188-197]. ,, ,
, , .
, .

, .
199

 , , ,
, , ,
,

, ( ).

- - .
. 2,5 , , , , [, 1964].
. 430 150 , 6 .
[, 1982, . 26].
-30 ,
, .. [1971, . 102], -15,
XIX . -4.
, . -
15 , - - 7 , 5 [, 1964, . 167169]. 1 2 67 [, 1998, . 185]. .
III . ..
- XVIIXVI . .. .
,
. .
.
- XVXIII . .. - , ,
.
, [ ., 1975;
, , 1984]. , ,
, , ,
200

 .
, .., , ,
( ), ,
.
, .
, - - .
110, , , , , .
.
, - , .
[-, 1948,
.100-102; , 1949, .55-56; , 19516, .122-124; 1954, .148;
1967, .327-330; , 1957, .21-28; , 1960, .62, 64, 167; , 1963, .38-46; 1977, .28-52, 1980, .11-35, ., 1966,
.261-263, 301; , 1979, .257-263; , 1974, .201-206; 1980,
.141-151; , .107-109; , 1979, .17-18; 1981, .44-54;
, 1978, .48, 51].
.. [1964, .24
30; 19726, .66-81]. [19726, .70-77] , ,
,
111, ( 126 ,
- 350 ) 112 ( ).
(
133 ) [, 1964, .26; 19726, .71,72].
.
,
,
, [, 19726,
.72]. , . : 50%
, 75% - .
.
.

. , ,
[, 1957, .23].
:
, [, 19516,
.124]. , ,
201

, ,
.
, ,
[-, 1948, .24; ., 1966, ., 1960, .28-29, 46, ., 1, XXXVIII, 2, XXXIX, 5].
.
,
.
, 70 , 50 [, 19726,
.72-73, , 1990, .60; , 1989, .98].
, . ( ).
:
[, 19726, .72]. : , ( .) (, , -, ),
[, 1934, .92-96; -, 1948, .101; ,
1949, .42, 48; , 1978, .14, 40, 72].
, . ,
, ,
, - ,
[, 1957, .23].
, , , , 60-70%
10% [, 19726, .80],
, , . , .. - [, 1957, .25;
, .107],
.
, ,
, ,
. ,
,
prisca- aegagrus. [, 19726
.73]. , ,

, , , ,
, , .
.
202

 , , . 2030% [, 19726, .60]. ,

,


114 [, 1977, .28-52; 1980, .32; , 1977].
.. [, 19516,
.124] .. [19726, .7477] , : , 128136 ,
, 136152 , 350 , , ; , ,

152160 , , .
[, 19516, .123].
, ,
, [, 1957; , 1958]. , ,
IV . ..,
II . .. [, 1980, .27-29;
1981, 19816]. .
-.
, , -, II [, 19726, .77;
, 1979, .258, 259; , 1978, .136].
- ( 3, 4, 5),
- ,
2 5 , ,
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27.2
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207

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VI; 45 - ; 46 - ; 47 - ; 48, 56 - ; 49, 57 ; 50 ; 51 ; 52 ; 53 (); 58 ; 60 ; 61 ( 25); 63 .
: 2 ; 3 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8
; 12 ; 13 3; 18 ; 54 ; 55 ; 59, 62 III. : 4 ; 9 ; 10,
11 ; 16 ; 19 ; 22
; 38 (16, 54 ,
). .

428

.31. . : 1 - ; 2 - ; 3 - .
429

 32 . . - , ;
- , , , , , , , .

.326 ; I -
; 2 - .

431

.33. . : 1 ;
10 ; 22 ; 44 -; 69 -; 80 ; 81
; 98 ; 12 - II; 45 ; 70, 82 .
: 2 -; 3 .
: 11 . : 23 ; 57 ; 71
; 89 . : 27 ;
58 ; 83 . : 24 ;
46 IA; 72 -; 90 ., :
5 - II; 6 ; 13 ; 59 ; 84 .
: 7 ; 8 ; 14 -; 15, 17 ;
16 . : 25, 26, 47, 60 ; 28, 29 ;
48, 61, 94 - -; 73, 75, 88 - II; 74 - ; 85 - I;
86, 96 - I; 87 - ; 91 - ; 92 - ; 93 - I; 95 ; 99 . : 9 ; 18 . : 30 ; 31 ; 32 ; 33 ;
34 ; 35 ; 3638 -; 39, 40 . : 50
, 51 - - II; 52 - -; 53 - ; 65-67, 76, 77 - . : 19 , 1; 20 -. : 41 ;
42 . : 100 I. : 54, 67
(67 ); 78 , 101 . : 21 , 1; 43 ; 55 ; 56 -; 68 ,
79 ; 97 (9, 18 , 21 ,
, , ). .

432

16
.34. , , - . : 1, 2, 11
III; 3, 5 - I; 4 - -; 7 - - (); 9 - ; 10 ; 12 - (); 13 - - (); 14 - (); 15
, .; 16 V. : 6
(); 8 I ().

433

35. . : 1 -

II, 2; 2 - , 28.

434

.36. . : 1 ; 7 ;
8 III. : 2, 3 , 1; , 1,
3; 6, 9 VI; 5 ( IIIBIIIC).

435

.37. , .

436

.38. ( . .), ,
.

437

.39. . : 1 ; 2,
6 ; 3, 4 ; 5 -; 7 I; 8 ; 14, 17
-; 18 IV; 19 ; 25 I; 26
III; 30, 33 - II. : 9, 13, 16 - ; 10 - ; , 12 - ; 15 ; 20 ; 21 (); 22
23, 24 - ; 27, 28, 31 - ; 29 - ; 32 - (1, 19-22 - ; 9 ; 12 ; ).

438

.40. .: 1, 3, 5, 6 - ; 4 - ;
8 - ; 7, 9,10 - .

439

.41. , . : 111
; 1223 ; 24 (5, 8, 1219, 21 ;
20 ; 22, 23 ; ). .

440

.42. . 1, 10 - , - .

441

.43. .

442

10
.436. .

443

.44. . : 118 .; 1923 ; 2430

; 31-32, 36-42 - ; 33-35 - .

444

.45. . : 1 .,
2; 7 , ; 9, 10 (9 5; 10
1). : 2, 4, 3; 3 - II; 6 , 2;
8 ; 5 - II, II.

445

.46. : 3, 9, 17, 27 (
1956 .). : 18 - 9; 20 - 3; 26 - 10; 28 4; (7, 8, 1315 2). , 1956 .

446

.47. : 1,9, 12,13

- (1, 13 - 2; 9 - 3; 12 - 4); 2 - .
; 5 - -; 6, 8 - ; 7 - ; 3 -
; 4 ; 10 -; .

447

.48. . : 13, 1518, 24, 27 ; 414, 20,

22, 23, 26 - -. : 19, 21, 25, 30-34, 38-42, 46-50 - ; 28,
29, 35-37, 43, 44, 51, 52 - - (4 - ; 5-14 - ; : 13 ).

448

,49. : 19, 11 (
..); 10, 1222 ( ..,
1947, 1953 .); 2328 - -; 29 -
, ; 3033 ; 3437
6 ( , I960 .).
57-387

449

.50. : 1, 2 -; 323 - ( .., 1959 .

, 1960 .); 24, 26, 27, 3033 ( .., 1948
.); 25, 28, 29 , 3439 6
( , 1960 .); 4042, 44, 47, 48, 50 -
- ; 43 -, ; 45, 46, 49 , ; 5153
; (4053 .. ., 1959 .); 5457
, ( ..).

450

.51. . : 16
; 713, 2335 Hyp ; 14, 15 - ; 16, 42-55 - ; 17-22, 40, 41 - ; 36 ; 37, 38 - ; 39 - ; 63-65 - . :
56 I, 15, 3; 57, 58 I.

451

.52. : 13, 69 3; 12, 14, 15 ; 13 ; 4, 5, 10, 18, 20, 22 , , (

III); 11 -; 16, 17 - (16 I, 17 II); 19,
21 -, , ; 23 -, ; 2433
( .-.).

452

. S3. : 1 - ; 2 - (?); 3 - ;
4 - II, 1; S - , 7; 6 - 3; 7 - 10,18 -
(7 - 20; 8 - 51; 9 - 58; 10 - 6; 18 - 45); 11 - ; 12 - ,
; 13 - -; 14 - ; 15 - -; 16 - 15; 17 - 2; 19 , II (); 20,21,23 - (20,21 - 4; 23 - 1); 22 - ;
24 - -, ( . . , 1952 .); 25, 31 - -, 26 - -;
27 - -; 28 - ; 29 - -; 30 - (25 - , - ).

18

19

. 54. *; 1,4-7
, , ( . -); 2, 3 ;
8 ; 9, 14, 16, 18
( . . ); 10, 11 - - , ;
12 ; 13 , 14 ; 17
, ; 19
-.

454

 55 : 1, 3 - -; 2
I; 4 - ; 5 - -, ; 6 - , ; 7 - , ; 8 II, ; 9 - ,
(1-3 ; 4 ; 57, 9 ; 8 ).

455

.56. : 13 -;
4, 5 .

456

457

.58. . 1, 2 -, . ; 3
, 25.
, ,
; 4, 5 -, .
.

.59. . ( , 1969 .): 1,

2, 811, 13, 17 49 (2 6; 8 1; 10 2;
11 6; ); 37, 12, 1416 15 (4
6; 7, 16 4; 12 3; ).

458

459

.60. . ( , 1969 .): 1,

3, 5, 6 15 (1 5; 5 4; 6 1; 3 );
2, 4, 7, 8 49 (2 6; 8 5; 4, 7 ).

460

 61. : 1 - ; 2 - ; 3, 8 - .; 4, 5 - ; 6 - ; 7, 9, 11, 12 - ; 10 - ; 13 - ; 14 - - (
).

461


1954 . , 1957 .
. .. ..,
... 1986 . . , .
1982 . - . 1987 . -,

.
1958 . .. , ;
, ,
.
..
,
.
200 , , , ,
, , . : "
, ., 1966; , ., 1966 (); " , ., 1977; , ., 1977
( ..); , , 1986.
40- .
., , " .