PUT) Specialty Zeolites Advera® 401P zeolite has a unique ably 10 function as an excellent costabizer in a valet ‘of potyinyl chloride (PVC) thermal stabilization systems, such as metal, mixed metal and ‘rganotn systems, Used with these systems, ‘he material wil low thermal decompastion ‘and ciscloration in both flexible and rigid PVC Avera 401P zeolite significant improves performance and reduces the cost of the stabilization systems. Why Use Advera 401P Zeolite? ‘There i strong public and regulatory pressure to reduce the use of stabilizers based on heavy metals such as ead, cadmium and barium. PC stabilizers based on zinc and calcium ‘organic compounds combined with Advera 401 zeoite offer significant benefits, lower {oxiity and are environmentally friendly Avera 401P zeolite can aso be used with ther PVC stabilization systems. I rigid PUC ‘anpiications, the most commonly used stabil: ers are ally tn mercaptdes. Advera 401 zeolite can educe costs by replacing as much 850% by weight of the tn stabilizer while ‘maintaining equivalent dynamic thermal stably How Does Advera 401P Zeolite Work? Fabrication of PVC products requires the ‘adciton of thermal stabilizers. Ming or ther processing of unstabilized PVC at elevated temperatures rapidly results in degradation, the inciations of which are: discoloration, formation of hydrogen chloride and ire: versible adhesion to equipment surfaces. PVC discoloration is caused by te formation ‘of conjugated double bonds inthe PVC palymer chains as. result of the elimination of hydrogen Advera® 401P Zeolite for Polyvinyl Chloride Applications chloride, The HCI formed during this reaction further catalyes the decomposition ofthe PVC. Avera 401P zeolte scavenges the HC, thereby reducing the concentration. This result na decrease in discoloration and slower decomposition of the PVC. In stabilization systems based on zine stearate, the stearic acid groups attach tothe PVC polymer chains to stop further formation ofthe conjugated double bonds. In that reaction, zine chlride i formed, which catalyzes PVC decomposttion. Removal o the zinc chloride results in greater stability. Advera 401P zeolite iver effective s a zinc chloride or tn chloride scavenger, Itreacts with zinc chiorde forming chemical bonds withthe zie and forming sodium chioride within the crystaline structure What is Advera 401P Zeolite? Avera 401P is a synthetic sodium alumi: rnosiicate zeolite consisting of an extensive three-cimensional framework of scan, aluminum and oxygen atoms having the following chemical formula Maya Oal © 2740 Adora 401P zeolite i rystalne and micro porous with discrete pores lading into cages. The uniform porous network wil selectively adsorb only molecules of a certain se and she, Due to the high degree of porasy pre sen Avera 401P zeolite has avery large intemal surface area. Te synthetic manufac ture of Adora 401P zeolite allows production ofa high purty product in arg quantities at a low cos. Benefits of Advera® Zeolites Eath-Wendly Cysteine Oxides Unique Porte Framework. Exceptional Firing Abies Tailor-made Performance Sarvice and Support Molecular Seving ‘Adsorption Separation lon Exchange FileCarie Functions Advera 401P zeolte is akaline in nature and has the ability to neutralize large amounts of acid. HC, which is generated during PVC degradation, can be easly adsorbed ito the pores and neutralized ‘Typical Advera 401P Zeolite Properties: * White ponder ~ 95 L whiteness (by Hunter Color * Average particle size 3-5 microns (by Laser Light Scattering) Non-toxic © Odoriess * High purity How To Use Advera 401P Zeolite Advera 401P zeolite is free-foving white powder thats ey to handle Avera 401 2eolte can be incorpocated ito both gid and flexible PVC in a variety of ways including + As one component ofa mui-component PVC stabizr blend + As one ofthe compounding ingecents toe usedin aPYC fomulation-spectic stabiztion system + Asa teplacement for part ofan exiting slabizrin a PVC formulation. Qo The PQ Corporation i.Advera 401P Zeolite Performance in Flexible PVC Formulations The amount of Advera 401P zeolite to be used inflexible PUC formulation is application an formulation dependent, The optimum amount of Advera 401P zeolite needed for particular PVC anpiication shouldbe determined exper ‘mentally in order to take into consideration the final product requirements and the ‘compounding and processing conditions to be used. fesible PUC formulation used in PQ Corporation thermal stably testing studios is shown in Table 1. Avera 401P zeolite was tested at various levels 0,0.3,0.6,0.9,1.0, 12pm) asa costabiizerin the test formulation (Table 1) in order to observe the effect af the evel on PVC thermal stability The formulations we extruded at 175°C. One-inch wide strips used for oven thermal stability testing in a Metrastat’ ven at 190°C for2 hours. Figure 1 shows the study results Itcan be seen in Figure 1 thatthe zeolite costabizer level affects inital yellowness, ely color and the total thermal stability ofthe PVC produced. The formulation with 0.3 phr cof Advera 401P zeoite has the optimum early colo hold and lowest yellowness, The formulations were tested for dynamic thermal stability using a Haake rheometer and the following conditions: 63 g samples, 190°C, 100 rpm. Figure 2shows the torque versus time curves forthe formulations, The dynamic thermal stably ofthe formulation increases with increased levels of Advera 401P zeolite, reaching @ maximum stability at about 1.0 ph Advera 401P Zeolite Performance in Rigid PVC Applications In sigid PVC application that use primary organotin stabilizers, Advera 401P zeolite has also been found tobe effective. Advera 401P Table 1: PO Corporation Flexible PVC Test Formulation Dosage -phr Stabilizer System Components Component (parts per hundred PVC resin) Suggested Range PVC resin (K = 69) 00 Figure 1 Zine Stearate/Advera® 401P Zeolite Stabilized Flexible PVC [Advera 401P Zeolite Dosage 09 1 ets Hours exposed to 190°C ina Metrastat™ oven Strips extruded at 175°C. Figure 2 Dynamic Thermal Stability of Zinc Stearate/Advera® 401P Zeolite Stabilized Flexible PVC Compounds ‘Advera® 401P in phir "rk mons tconiins a Spore tor Sena a8 ime i}Zeolte can replace as much as 50% by weight ofthe tn stabilizer in the PVC formulation and maintain the dynamic thermal stability level ‘and the early color hold. The replacement percentage depends onthe amount and type of tin stabilizer used inthe PVC formulation Table 2 shows the suggested Avera 401P elt eplacement levels forth mercaptide stabilizers in selected PVC application areas. The svogested replacement levels were obtained by testing atypical PUG formulation used for the particular apbcation. The paral replace: ‘ment of the tn stabilizer with Advera 401P zeolite inthe typical formulations maintains or ‘exceeds the early color and DTS time ofthe control formulation, Generally, Pa Corparation has found that partial replacement of the liquid tn stabilizer with Advera 401P zeolite ‘may require an upward adjustment ofthe external lubricant level Toillstrate the results obtained by partly replacing tin stabilizers with Advera 401° zeolite, atypical PVC siding capstock extrusion formulation was compounded. n the PVC siding capstock extrusion formation shown in Table 3, 25 and 50% of Advasta” TM181 methyl tn mercaptide stabilizer was replaced by Advera 401P zeolite, The formulations were extruded at 175°C. One-inch wide strips were used for oven thermal stably testing, ‘The strips were testedin a Metrastat” ven at 190°C for2 hours. ‘The catain Figure illustrate tha replacement of 25 to 50% ofthe methy tin mercaptide stabilizer with Advera 401P zeolite fas no significant effect onthe inital colar stability of the PVC formulation, Dynamic thermal stability testing ofthese formulations showed na oss of thermal stabilty at up to 50% replacement Figure 4 (onthe back page) shows the torque 1. time diagrams generated using a Haake torque rheometer forthe contol PYG and for the formulation in which SO% of het stabier was replaced with Avera 401 zeolite. tt can be seen from the figure that there is no tifrence in the thermal stabity and theology rrr Bee eee ee ee ee La ‘Advera® 401P Zeolite Percentage of Replacement Dosage - pir Tin Stabilizer PVC Applications (parts per hundred PVC resin) Replacement () 075-150" “irre than part yar epecement s se6. ‘Table 3: Typical PVC Siding Capstock Extrusion Formulation Figure 3 PVC Capstock Siding Formulations With 25 and 50% of ‘Advera® 401P Zeolite Replacing Methyl Tin Mercaptide Stabilizer No Stabilizer ~ Control PVC Siding Capstock Formulation | 25% Replacement ot Tin Stabilizer with Avera” 401P Zeite / 50% Replacoment of Tin Stair with Avera 41 Zola | tr Hours exposed to 190°Cin a Metrastat” oven tips extruded at 175°,between the compounds with and without the Avera 401P zeit, Compatibility of Advera® 401P Zeolite With Other Ingredients in PVG Stabilization Systems ‘Advera A01P zeolite can be used with other organic costablizers for PVG such as Beciketones. For PVC compounding with Advera.401P zeolite, lubricants with no metal ‘groups ate generally prefered. Use of high levels of calcium stearate lubricant in PVC formulations with Advera 401P zeolite may result in a sight increase of yellowness in some PVC compounds, FDA Approval of Advera® 401P Zeolite Cee) Capstock Formulations Some oop Serpe wei 589 PVC Capstock Formulation Control PVC Capstock with Som Avera 401P Replacement “Torque Nim) Technical Assistance For more information or assistance in selecting and using the corect Advera 401P zealte for polyvinyl chloride anpications, contact PQ Customer Service atthe numbers isted belo, PQ Corporation Zeolite Products Division Plastics Market Development Group PO. Box 840 Valley Forge, Pennsylvania 19482-0840 For Toll-Free Assistance (inside USA) call: 1.800.934.7887 Telephone: £610,651 4266 (outside USA) Fax 610/651.4508 wvew.pqcorp.com Intoraton harsh accurate ie est af ow knowidye. Suapestons ere made who waran or guaran fests. 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