Short Circuit Test

Test Purpose:
The value of the short circuit impedance Z% and the load (copper) losses (I2R) a
re obtained.
This test should be performed before the impulse test-if the later will be perfo
rmed as a routine test- in order to avoid readings errors
Test Instrument:
Megger or
Multi meter.
CT ,PT
Test Procedure:
Suitable Low Voltage (3-phase 415V, 50Hz )will be applied to the terminals of on
e winding (usually the H.V.) with the other winding short circuited with 50 sq.
mm. Copper cable. (Usually the L.V.)
The applied voltage is adjusted to pass the needed current in the primary/second
ary. In order to simulate conditions nearest to full load, it is customary to pa
ss 100%, 50% or at least 25% of full load current.
Voltage to be increased gradually till the current in the energized winding reac
hes the required value (50% to 100% rated current).
Measure the 3 Phase line currents at all tap position. If the tap-switch is an O
ff-Circuit tap-switch, the supply has to be disconnected before changing the tap
. A consistent trend in the increase or decrease of current, as the case may be,
confirms the healthiness of the transformer.
If transformer is equipped with a tap changer, tapping regulations are applied.
(1) If tapping range within5% and rated power less than 2500kAV, load loss guaran
tee refer to the principal tap only.
(2) If tapping range exceeds5% or rated power above 2500kAV, it shall be stated f
or which tapping beside the principal tap the load losses will be guaranteed by
the manufacturer.
Three phase LT supply is applied on HV side of power transformer at normal tap w
ith rated current on HV side and currents measured in all the phases on HV side
and phases & neutral on LV side values noted.
Readings to be taken as quickly as possible as the windings warm up and the wind
ing resistance increases. Hence, the losses value will increase accordingly.
Using appropriate instruments (conventional three watt meter method or digital w
att meter with ammeters & voltmeters) measurements of voltage, currents and powe
r can be recorded.