Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Faculty of Business
Strategic Management
Strategic Ananlysist
2009
Table of Contents
Topics Page
Introduction and brief history of IBM 3
Internal Audit 11
Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) Matrix 12
SWOT Matrix 13
SPACE Matrix 15
Recommendations 21
References 22
Introduction:
Brief History of IBM:
2
In 1886 Herman Hollerith, a statistician for the US Bureau of Census
formed the Tabulating Machine Company and Thomas J. Watson
became its leader in 1915 and made the company slogan “Think”. It
changed its name to International Business Machines (IBM) in 1924.
It was taken by the US government at the beginning of World War II in
the war effort and given a one percent profit, which it used to fund war
victims and orphans.
During the period between 1910 and 1960, it developed products from
punch-card tabulating machines to room-sized calculators to
mainframe computing systems for large enterprises and changed the
nature of accounting, calculation and basic back-office business
processes.
In the 1970s and 80s, IBM product lines expanded from its traditional
mainframes to minicomputer and personal computers and applications
moved from backend operations to departmental operation. In 1981,
the company introduced the IBM Personal Computer or PC, allowing
the use of computers in schools, homes and businesses. Components
for the computer were sourced from outside the company. The
processor chip came from Intel and the operating system, called DOS
(Disk Operating System), came from Microsoft.
3
IBM introduced the ThinkPad in 1992, the first in a series of notebook
computers to be manufactured by the company. In 1995, IBM acquired
Lotus Development Corporation and Tivoli Systems. In 1997, IBM
demonstrated computing’s potential with Deep Blue, a 32-node IBM
RS/6000 SP computer programmed to play chess on a world class
level.
During the nineties, with the Internet and open standards, IBM
embraced the network computing model and coined “ebusiness” to
describe how network computing can transform core businesses and
transactions.
In October 2002, IBM acquired PwC Consulting, the global
management consulting
and technology services unit of PriceWaterhouseCoopers. IBM sold
most of its hard
disk drive operations to Hitachi in December 2002. The sale involved
the creation of a
joint venture called Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, which was
70%-owned by
Hitachi.
In 2003, IBM Research launched On Demand Innovation services,
which teamed customers with a team of researchers who specialize in
business transformation and technology consulting. Over one billion
4
will be spent over the next three years and will be staffed with 200
IBM research consultants.
Today, IBM is by far the largest information technology in the world
and the eighth largest company in the world. In 2003, it had revenues
of US $89.1 billion, a net income of 4.32, more than 366,000
employees in 170 countries with approximately sixty percent of
revenues generated outside the United States.
Vision
Mission
At IBM, we strive to operate in the invention, development and
manufacture of the industry's most advanced information technologies,
including computer systems, software, storage systems and
microelectronics.
Values
We translate these advanced technologies into value for our customers
through our professional solutions, services and consulting businesses
worldwide.2
Porter’s Five Forces Framework:
5
The threat of entry is low because the costs of R&D, support
products and services, manufacturing, and distribution are very high.
2. Bargaining Power of Buyers:
PESTEL Framework:
Political:
- In general international operations are highly influenced by the
governmental policies and their laws, but in this case there is
little effect because most of countries are looking for
developments and new technologies.
6
- Heavy taxes in some countries make IBM increase its products
price.
Economic:
- National growth rates.
- Fuel Prices.
Social:
- Positive customers' perception toward new technology around
the world.
- Increase in population and internet users.
Technological
- Advanced technology development.
- Internet
- Increase numbers of companies that need ERP systems
Environmental:
- IBM made the some of the major technologies like to trace
weather
throughout the world.
Legal:
- Cyber protection and the chemical the use in making hardware;
like carbon, germanium, and silicon
- Currency exchange
- Legal registration for their business outsourcing facilities.
7
External Audit
Opportunities Threats
1. Video game console market 1. Competitors are strong.
revenue is projected to reach
2. Economic fluctuation could
$12 billion in 2008 and $66
crimp consumers’ spending.
billion in 2012.
3. Small & Medium business
2. The IT market in Russia,
demand fails to accelerate.
India, Brazil, and China are
expected to grow twice as
fast as in the rest of the
world.
Critical Weight Ratin Weighted Ratin Weighted Ratin Weighted Ratin Weighted
Success g Score g Score g Score g Score
Factors
8
Market 0. 22 3 0.66 4 0.88 2 0.44 2 0.44
Share
Opportunities
9
Threats
10
Gross Margin 42.2 35.2 33.7
Pre-Tax Margin 14.7 11.8 17.5
Net Profit Margin 10.6 8.8 12.4
5Yr Gross Margin (5-Year
39.6 33.6 33.4
Avg.)
5Yr PreTax Margin (5-Year
12.9 9.3 16.6
Avg.)
5Yr Net Profit Margin (5-
9.0 6.6 11.5
Year Avg.)
Financial Condition
Debt/Equity Ratio 1.24 0.77 1.24
Current Ratio 1.1 1.2 0.9
Quick Ratio 1.1 1.1 0.7
Interest Coverage 21.6 11.6 42.3
Leverage Ratio 4.2 3.3 4.2
Book Value/Share 20.57 17.49 16.50
Investment Returns %
Return On Equity 36.6 27.8 21.3
Return On Assets 9.3 8.7 5.8
Return On Capital 15.3 14.7 7.8
Return On Equity (5-Year
28.6 19.5 15.4
Avg.)
Return On Assets (5-Year
7.9 6.2 5.0
Avg.)
Return On Capital (5-Year
Avg.) 12.4 10.0 6.7
Management Efficiency
Income/Employee NA 18,387 52,240
Revenue/Employee NA 268,252 424,626
Receivable Turnover 3.1 4.9 12.8
Inventory Turnover NA 4.7 5.5
Asset Turnover 0.9 1.0 0.6
11
Date Avg. P/E Price/Sales Price/Book Net Profit
Margin (%)
12/07 14.70 1.59 5.26 10.5
12/06 13.70 1.65 5.13 10.3
12/05 17.00 1.47 3.91 8.8
12/04 20.70 1.75 5.12 7.8
12/03 22.70 1.83 5.64 7.4
12
Internal Audit
Strength Weakness
1. IBM revenues increased 7 1. Declining in revenues of
percent to 69.92$.billion in services and systems
segments in 2006.
2006.
2. Decline in revenue of public,
industrial, small and medium
2. A unique approach to engage
business industries in 2006
their employees in an online by 9.6%.
intranet using its Jam 3. Decline in revenues in Asia
technology. Pacific area by 5.7%.
4. Total assets are gradually
3. Strong strategic planning to decreasing from 109M to
103M in 2006.
be an innovation-centric
globally integrated
corporation.
5. IBM concentrated on
becoming stronger in high
value added businesses.
7. IBM is supercomputing
13
leader as provider of 35 of
the world's 100 most
powerful supercomputers.
14
generated outside the US
5. IBM concentrated on 0.10 4 0.40
becoming stronger in high
value added businesses
6. IBM ranked number 1 0.10 4 0.40
hosted service provider in
Western Europe
7. IBM is supercomputing 0.12 4 0.48
leader as provider of 35 of
the world's 100 most
powerful supercomputers
Weaknesses
1. Declining in revenues 0.08 2 0.16
of services and
systems segments in
2006
2. Decline in revenue of 0.08 2 0.16
public, industrial, small
and medium business
industries in 2006 by
9.6%
3. Decline in revenues in 0.10 2 0.20
Asia Pacific area by
5.7%
4. Total assets are 0.10 2 0.20
gradually decreasing
from 109M to 103M in
2006
Total 1.00 3.16
SWOT Matrix
15
Strengths Weaknesses
expected to grow
Directional vector point is :( 3.167, 1.163)
FS
Conservativ
Aggressive
e
C
A
IS
Competitiv
Defensive
e
ES
Quadrant II Quadrant I
Weak
Strong
Competitiv
Competitiv
e
e
Position
Position
Quadrant III Quadrant IV
17
The Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Matrix
Market share position
Industry
IBM
Sales Growth
Stars Question Marks
Rate
High
I II III
3.0 to 3.99
Medium IV V VI
The EFE
2.0 to IBM
Total
Weighted
2.99
Score
VII VIII IX
18
Low
1.0 to 1.99
Strategy 1 Strategy 2
Strengths
IBM revenues increased 7 percent to 0.10 4 0.40 2 0.20
69.92$.billion in 2006
Weaknesses
Declining in revenues of services and systems 0.08 2 0.16 4 0.32
segments in 2006
19
5.7%
Strategy 1 Strategy 2
Opportunities
Threats
Recommendation
20
Enter video game console market by providing new video game console at a cost of $1 billion
and increasing marketing efforts in Asia and Europe at a cost of $200 million.
EPS/EBIT Analysis
$ Amount Needed: $1,200 Million
Interest Rate: 7%
Reverences
21
1. www.IBM.com
2. www.304.ibm.com
3. www.manonamission.blogspot.com
5. www.moneycentral.msn.com
22