Assignment 03 Solution

Reinforced Concrete Design
CIVL1622
Page 1 of 20
Calculation Sheet:
February 17, 2015
Assignment #3 Solution
Problem #1
Select the reinforcement for a 7 m span rectangular beam with b = 400 mm and h = 550
mm. The beam supports its own weight plus a superimposed dead load of 10 kN/m and a
uniform service live load of 30 kN/m. Use f 'c = 30 MPa and f y = 400 MPa.
Applied Loads
Span length:
Dead load
L 7m
wD 10
Load multipliers
Material Properties
kN
m
D 1.25
wL 30
Live load
kN
m
L 1.5
Specified compressive strength of concrete:
fc 30MPa
Specified yield strength of reinforcing steel:
fy 400MPa
Density of concrete
c 2400
kg
3
m
c 0.65
Material resistance factors
s 0.85
The following variables are computed from the entered material properties
Unit weight of concrete:
Equivalent stress
block parameters:
c g
23.54
1
1 0.85 0.0015MPa
m
fc
1 0.97 0.0025MPa
kN
fc
1 0.805
1 0.895

CIVL1622
Page 2 of 20
Calculation Sheet:
February 17, 2015
Calculations
Step 1: calculate the factored moment
calculate self weight of beam with
h 550mm
b 400mm
and
Cross-sectional area of beam
A c b h
A c 220000 mm
self weight of beam:
w A c
w 5.18
factored load:
wf D wD w L wL
wf 64.0
factored moment:
wf L
Mf
kN
m
kN
m
Mf 392 kN m
Step 2: Calculate the effective depth

assume:
No. 30 bars
db 29.9mm
No. 10 stirrups
ds 11.3mm
interior exposure conditions
cs 30mm
d h cs ds
effective depth
db
2
d 494 mm
Step 3: Compute the area of reinforcement

calculate resistance factor
and steel ratio
Kr
bd

balanced steel ratio:
Mf
Kr 4.02 MPa
2Kr
1 1
1 c fc
1 c fc
s fy
700MPa fc
700MPa f f
y y
1 c 1
s
1.39 % < b 2.63 %
steel area
A s b d
1.39 %
b 2.63 %
okay (under reinforced)
A s 2748 mm

CIVL1622
Page 3 of 20
Calculation Sheet:
February 17, 2015
Step 4: Determine the size and number of bars required (check bar spacing, minimum steel area, concrete
cover and crack control)
use 4 No. 30 bars:
number of bars
n 4
bar diameter
db 29.9mm
bar area
A b 700mm
A s n Ab
A s 2800 mm
steel area
check bar spacing
2
2
maximum aggregate size amax 20mm
minimum spacing:
smin max 1.4db 1.4amax 30mm
actual spacing:
smin 41.9 mm
b 2cs 2ds n db
n1
s 65.9 mm
s 65.9 mm > smin 41.9 mm
A smin
minimum steel area
0.2MPa.5
fc
fy
2
A s 2800 mm
check crack control
dc cs ds
y dc
A
db
> Asmin 602 mm
okay
(all bars in one layer)

2
A 11250 mm
fs 0.6fy
3
A smin 602 mm
bh
dc 56.3 mm
2y b
n
z fs
okay
fs 240 MPa
z 20.6
dc A
kN
mm
< 30
kN
mm
okay.
Step 5: Check ultimate capacity

there is no need to re-calculate the factored moment, Mf , because the size of the cross section
has not changed
factored moment
Mf 392 kN m
effective depth
d h cs ds
db
2
d 494 mm

CIVL1622
Page 4 of 20
Calculation Sheet:
February 17, 2015
As
steel ratio
1.42 %
resistance factor
Kr s fy 1
moment capacity
Mr Kr b d
bd
21 c fc
s fy
Kr 4.08 MPa
Mr 398 kN m
Mr 398 kN m > Mf 392 kN m
Alternative Solution
6 No. 25 bars
steel area
check bar spacing
number of bars
n 6
bar diameter
db 25.2mm
bar area
A b 500mm
A s n Ab
A s 3000 mm
2
2
maximum aggregate size, amax 20mm
minimum spacing:
actual spacing:
b 2cs 2ds n db
6 No. 25 bars will not fit in a single

layer
b 2cs 2ds 4db

41
s 72 mm > smin 35 mm
smin
smin 35.3 mm
s 33.2 mm
n1
s 33 mm < smin 35 mm
check spacing for

4 No. 25 bars :
okay
yc
db
db
smin
2
2
20.2 mm
2A b
yc
place the 6 No. 25 bars with 4 bars

in the lower layer and two bars in
the upper layer
6Ab

CIVL1622
Page 5 of 20
Calculation Sheet:
February 17, 2015
dc cs ds
check crack control
y dc yc
db
dc 53.9 mm
(bars are in two layers)
2y b
n
A 9875 mm
fs 0.6fy
fs 240 MPa
Z fs
dc A 19.4
kN
mm
< 30
kN
mm
okay for interior exposure.
Check ultimate capacity with 6 No.25 bars (factored moment, Mf 392 kN m)
effective depth
d h cs ds
steel ratio
resistance factor
Kr s fy 1
moment capacity
Mr Kr b d
db
2
yc
d 476 mm
As
1.58 %
bd
21 c fc
s fy
Kr 4.44 MPa
Mr 403 kN m
okay
Design Sketch:
4 No. 30 bars
6 No. 25 bars
400 mm
550 mm
No. 10 stirrup
30 mm cover
4 No. 30

CIVL1622
Page 6 of 20
Calculation Sheet:
February 17, 2015
Problem #2
Beam
Select b, h, and the reinforcement for a 7.0 m span simply supported rectangular beam
which supports its own weight plus a superimposed dead load of 12 kN/m and a uniform
service live load of 25 kN/m. Use f 'c = 35 MPa and f y = 400 MPa.
Span length:
L 6.75m
Transverse Reinforcment
No. 10 stirrups, bar diameter
ds 11.3mm
Exposure Conditions
enterior exposure, concrete cover
cs 40mm
Applied Loads
dead load
wD 12
live load
wL 25
Material Properties
kN
m
kN
m
fc 35MPa
fy 400MPa
concrete
c 0.65
reinforcing steel
s 0.85
Density of concrete
c 2400
kg
3
Equivalent stress block parameters:
1 0.85 0.0015MPa
fc 0.797
1 0.97 0.0025MPa
c g 23.5
kN
3
fc 0.882

CIVL1622
Page 7 of 20
Calculation Sheet:
February 17, 2015
Calculations
Step 1: Estimate size of beam cross section and calculate the factored moment, Mf
estimate overall height as 10% of span length
h 10%L
assume width of beam is one half of overall height
minimum overall depth of beam to

satisfy deflection control criteria:
hmin
L
16
h 675 mm
h
2
b 337.5 mm
hmin 422 mm
use h 700mm, and b 350mm for trial section dimensions to calculate self weight of beam
2
cross-sectional area of beam
A c b h
A c 245000 mm
wsw Ac
wsw 5.766
factored load:
LC1
wf 1.4 wD wsw
wf 24.9
kN
m
LC2
wf 1.25 wD wsw 1.5wL
wf 59.7
kN
m
LC2 produces most unfavourable effect
factored moment:
Mf
wf L
wf 59.7
kN
m
kN
m
Mf 340 kN m
Step 2: Select a steel ratio and calcualte the resistance factor
700MPa fc
700MPa f f
y y
1 c 1
s
assume 0.5b for initial trial section

resistance factor:
Kr s fy 1
21 c fc
s fy
b 3.00 %
1.5 %
Kr 4.38 MPa

CIVL1622
Page 8 of 20
Calculation Sheet:
February 17, 2015
Step 3: Calculate the dimensions of beam cross section assuming d 1.75b (a practical rule of thumb
for the effective depth is anywhere between 1.5 to 2 times the beam width)
Mf = Kr b d
Given
b
Find ( b d )
d
d = 1.75b
b 294 mm
Cross section dimensions for trial section
width
:
effective depth
d 514 mm
b 300mm
d 514 mm
Step 4: Calculate the area of reinforcement and determine the size and number of bars required (check
bar spacing, minimum steel area, concrete cover and crack control)
try 5 No.25 bars:
steel area:
bar spacing
A s b d
required steel area:
A s 2311 mm
number of bars
n 5
bar diameter
db 25.2mm
cross-sectional area
A b 500mm
A s n Ab
A s 2500 mm
assume maximum nominal aggregate size amax 20mm
minimum spacing:
actual spacing:
smin 35 mm
b 2cs 2ds n db
n1
check spacing for

3 No. 25 bars in
the bottom layer
s 18 mm
the 5 No. 25 bars will have

to be placed in two layers
b 2cs 2ds 3db
s 61 mm
31
spacing okay for 3 No.

25 bars in one layer

CIVL1622
Page 9 of 20
Calculation Sheet:
February 17, 2015
centroid of reinforcing steel

2A b
yc
db
db
smin
2
2
5Ab
smin
or
ai
Part
yc
1500
1000
3 No 25
2 No 25
A ai
yc 24.2 mm
yc
Check Crack Control
db
A
dc
h d cs ds
use a section with:
A smin
db
2
60500
24.2
y 88.1 mm
2
A 10571 mm
fs 240 MPa
dc A
Z 21.1
minimum steel area
yc
fs 0.6fy
3
0
60500
dc 63.9 mm
2y b
n
Z fs
overall depth
0
60.5
ai
y cs ds
aiyi
a y
2500 i i
ai yi
db
dc cs ds
yi
kN
mm
< 25
kN
mm
okay for exterior exposure.
yc
h 602 mm
width:
b 300 mm
overall depth
h 600mm
5 No. 25 bars
A s 2500 mm
0.2MPa.5
fy
fc
b h 532 mm
2
A s 2500 mm
> Asmin 532 mm
okay

CIVL1622
Page 10 of 20
Calculation Sheet:
February 17, 2015
2
Step 5: Use the final dimensions (i.e., b 300 mm and h 600 mm ) and the steel area ( As 2500 mm )
to re-calculate the factored moment, Mf , and the moment resistance, Mr (i.e., make sure that
Mr Mf )
2
A c b h
A c 180000 mm
w A c
w 4.24
factored load:
wf 1.25 wD w 1.5wL
Mf
factored moment:
wf L
kN
m
kN
wf 57.8
m
Mf 329 kN m
effective depth
d h cs ds
steel ratio
resistance factor
Kr s fy 1
moment capacity
Mr Kr b d
db
2
yc
d 512 mm
As
1.63 %
bd
21 c fc
s fy
Kr 4.69 MPa
Mr 369 kN m
Design Sketch
No. 10 stirrup
okay

CIVL1622
Page 11 of 20
Calculation Sheet:
February 17, 2015
3 No. 30 bars
number of bars
n 3
bar diameter
db 29.9mm
A b 700mm
steel area:
A s n Ab
width
b 300mm
effective depth
d 514mm
2
2
A s 2100 mm
bar spacing
minimum spacing:
actual spacing:
b 2cs 2ds n db
s 53.8 mm
n1
check crack control
y dc
A
db
dc cs ds
dc
smin 41.9 mm
dc 66.3 mm
bars are in one layer
2y b
n
A 13250 mm
fs 0.6fy
Z fs
Z 23

fs 240 MPa
dc A 23.0
kN
mm
< 25
kN
mm
kN
mm

CIVL1622
Page 12 of 20
Calculation Sheet:
February 17, 2015
overall depth
db
h d cs ds
use a section with:
A smin
minimum steel area
h 580 mm
2
width:
b 300 mm
overall depth
h 600mm
3 No. 30 bars
A s 2100 mm
0.2MPa.5
fc
fy
2
A s 2100 mm
A smin 532 mm
bh
2
> Asmin 532 mm
okay
2
Mr Mf )
2
A c b h
A c 180000 mm
wsw Ac
wsw 4.24
factored load:
wf 1.25 wD wsw 1.5wL

Mf
factored moment:
wf L
kN
m
kN
wf 57.8
m
Mf 329 kN m
effective depth
d h cs ds
steel ratio
resistance factor
Kr s fy 1
moment capacity
Mr Kr b d
db
2
d 534 mm
As
1.31 %
bd
21 c fc
s fy
Kr 3.91 MPa
Mr 334 kN m
okay
this re-analysis has shown that the size of the cross section was not affected when the reinforcing was
changed to 3 No. 30 bars in the beam
the solution with 3 No. 30 bars has a slightly larger effective depth than the solution for 5 No. 25's
because all three No. 30 bars can be placed in a single layer; the slight increase in effective depth was
2
more than enough to offset with the lower steel area (i.e. A s 2500mm for 5 No. 25's versus
2
A s 2100mm for 3 No.30's)

CIVL1622
Page 13 of 20
Calculation Sheet:
February 17, 2015
Design Sketch
3 No 30 Bars
3 No. 30

CIVL1622
Page 14 of 20
Calculation Sheet:
February 17, 2015
Select b, h, and the reinforcement for a 8 m span simply supported rectangular beam that
supports its own weight plus a superimposed dead load of 20 kN/m and a service live load
which consists of three concentrated loads of 30 kN, each located at the quarter points of
the span. Use f 'c = 25 MPa and f y = 400 MPa.
Problem #3
Beam
Span length:
L 8.0m
Transverse Reinforcment
No. 10 stirrups, bar diameter
ds 11.3mm
Exposure Conditions
enterior exposure, concrete cover
cs 40mm
Applied Loads
dead load
live load
Material Properties
wD 20
kN
m
P L 30kN
fc 25MPa
fy 400MPa
concrete
c 0.65
reinforcing steel
s 0.85
Density of concrete
c 2400
kg
3
Equivalent stress block parameters:
1 0.85 0.0015MPa
fc 0.813
1 0.97 0.0025MPa
c g 23.5
kN
3
fc 0.907

CIVL1622
Page 15 of 20
Calculation Sheet:
February 17, 2015
Calculations
Step 1: Estimate size of beam cross section and calculate the factored moment, Mf
estimate overall height as 10% of span length
h 10%L
h 800 mm
assume width of beam is one half of overall height
h
2
b 400 mm
Minimum overall depth of beam to

satisfy deflection control criteria:
hmin
L
16
hmin 500 mm
use h 800mm, and b 400mm for trial section dimensions to calculate self weight of beam
2
A c b h
A c 320000 mm
wsw Ac
wsw 7.53
LC1
wf 1.4 wD wsw
wf 38.5
kN
m
LC2
wf 1.25 wD wsw
wf 34.4
kN
m
P f 1.5P L
P f 45 kN
factored load:
factored moment:
LC1
LC2
Mf
Mf
wf L
Mf 275 kN m
8
wf L
kN
m
LC2 produces most unfavourable effect
Pf L
2
Mf 455 kN m
factored moment, Mf 455 kN m
Step 2: Select a steel ratio and calcualte the resistance factor

700MPa fc
700MPa f f
y y
1 c 1
s
assume 0.5b for initial trial section

resistance factor:
Kr s fy 1
21 c fc
s fy
b 2.24 %
1.12 %
Kr 3.26 MPa

CIVL1622
Page 16 of 20
Calculation Sheet:
February 17, 2015
Step 3: Calculate the dimensions of beam cross section assuming d 1.75b (a practical rule of thumb for
the effective depth is anywhere between 1.5 to 2 times the beam width)
Mf = Kr b d
Given
d = 1.75b
b
Find ( b d )
d
b 357 mm
Cross section dimensions for trial section
width
:
effective depth
d 625 mm
b 350mm
d 625 mm
Step 4: Calculate the area of reinforcement and determine the size and number of bars required (check
bar spacing, minimum steel area, concrete cover and crack control)
required steel area:
try 4 No. 30 bars:
bar spacing
A s b d
A s 2453 mm
number of bars
n 4
bar diameter
db 29.9mm
A b 700mm
A s n Ab
A s 2800 mm
2
2
minimum spacing:
actual spacing:
b 2cs 2ds n db
n1
Check Crack Control
smin 42 mm
dc cs ds
y dc
A

dc 66.3 mm
y 66.3 mm
2y b
n
fs 0.6fy
Z fs
db
s 43 mm
dc A
A 11594 mm
fs 240 MPa
Z 22
kN
< 25
kN
mm
mm
okay for exterior exposure

CIVL1622
Page 17 of 20
Calculation Sheet:
February 17, 2015
overall depth
h d cs ds
use a section with:
minimum steel area
A smin
db
h 691 mm
2
width:
b 350 mm
overall depth
h 650mm
4 No. 30 bars
A s 2800 mm
0.2MPa.5 fc
bh
A smin 569 mm
fy
A s 2800 mm
> Asmin 569 mm
okay
Mr Mf )
2
A c b h
A c 227500 mm
wsw Ac
wsw 5.35
factored load:
wf 1.25 wsw wD
wf 31.7
Mf
factored moment:
wf L
effective depth
d h cs ds
steel ratio
resistance factor
Kr s fy 1
moment capacity
Mr Kr b d
kN
m
Pf L
Mf 434 kN m
db
2
kN
m
d 584 mm
As
1.37 %
bd
21 c fc
s fy
Kr 3.84 MPa
Mr 458 kN m
okay

CIVL1622
Page 18 of 20
Calculation Sheet:
February 17, 2015
Design Sketch
4 No 30 Bars
5 No. 25 bars
bar spacing
n 5
bar diameter
db 25.2mm
A b 500mm
steel area:
A s n Ab
width
b 350mm
effective depth
d 625mm
2
2
A s 2500 mm
minimum spacing:
actual spacing:
number of bars
smin 35.3 mm
b 2cs 2ds n db
n1
No. 25 bars will not fit in

a single layer

CIVL1622
Page 19 of 20
Calculation Sheet:
February 17, 2015
db
db
smin
2
2
24.2 mm
2A b
yc
5Ab
check crack control

dc cs ds
db
dc 63.9 mm
y dc yc
bars are in two layers
2y b
n
A 12333 mm
fs 0.6fy
3
Z fs
dc A 22.2
kN
Z 22.2
overall depth
h d cs ds
use a section with:
minimum steel area
A smin
db
fs 240 MPa
< 25
mm
yc
kN
mm
kN
mm
h 713 mm
width:
b 350 mm
overall depth
h 700mm
5 No. 25 bars
A s 2500 mm
0.2MPa.5
fc
fy
2
A s 2500 mm
A smin 613 mm
bh
2
> Asmin 613 mm
okay
2
Mr Mf )
2
A c b h
A c 245000 mm
wsw Ac
wsw 5.77
factored load:
wf 1.25 wD wsw
factored moment:
Mf
wf L
8
Pf L
2
kN
m
kN
wf 32.2
m
Mf 438 kN m

CIVL1622
Page 20 of 20
Calculation Sheet:
February 17, 2015
effective depth
d h cs ds
steel ratio
resistance factor
Kr s fy 1
moment capacity
Mr Kr b d
db
2
yc
As
1.17 %
bd
21 c fc
s fy
Design Sketch
5 No 25 Bars
d 612 mm
Kr 3.37 MPa
Mr 442 kN m
okay

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Assignment 03 Solution

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Reinforced Concrete Design

February 17, 2015

Specified compressive strength of concrete:

Specified yield strength of reinforcing steel:

Material resistance factors

Reinforced Concrete Design

February 17, 2015

Cross-sectional area of beam

self weight of beam:

Step 2: Calculate the effective depth

interior exposure conditions

Step 3: Compute the area of reinforcement

balanced steel ratio:

1.39 % < b 2.63 %

okay (under reinforced)

Reinforced Concrete Design

February 17, 2015

maximum aggregate size amax 20mm

smin max 1.4db 1.4amax 30mm

minimum steel area

> Asmin 602 mm

(all bars in one layer)

Step 5: Check ultimate capacity

Reinforced Concrete Design

February 17, 2015

Mr 398 kN m > Mf 392 kN m

maximum aggregate size, amax 20mm

smin max 1.4db 1.4amax 30mm

6 No. 25 bars will not fit in a single

b 2cs 2ds 4db

check spacing for

place the 6 No. 25 bars with 4 bars

Reinforced Concrete Design

February 17, 2015

check crack control

(bars are in two layers)

okay for interior exposure.

Check ultimate capacity with 6 No.25 bars (factored moment, Mf 392 kN m)

Mr 403 kN m > Mf 392 kN m

Reinforced Concrete Design

February 17, 2015

No. 10 stirrups, bar diameter

enterior exposure, concrete cover

Specified compressive strength of concrete:

Specified yield strength of reinforcing steel:

Material resistance factors

Reinforced Concrete Design

February 17, 2015

assume width of beam is one half of overall height

minimum overall depth of beam to

cross-sectional area of beam

self weight of beam:

wf 1.25 wD wsw 1.5wL

LC2 produces most unfavourable effect

Step 2: Select a steel ratio and calcualte the resistance factor

balanced steel ratio:

assume 0.5b for initial trial section

Reinforced Concrete Design

February 17, 2015

Cross section dimensions for trial section

try 5 No.25 bars:

required steel area:

assume maximum nominal aggregate size amax 20mm