AUTOCAD Nâng Cao

TRNG I HC KIN TRC H NI
GIO TRNH AUTOCAD NNG CAO

V
LP TRNH TRONG AUTOCAD
Gio trnh Autocad nng cao
Lu hnh ni b
PHN I : AUTOCAD NNG CAO

Chng 1 : THIT LP MI TRNG BN V
I.
Quy nh v bn v.
1. Cc thng tin c c t bn v
2. Cc khng gian trong CAD
3. ngha ca vic thit lp mi trng bn v
4. Mt s quy nh chung
4.1. Khung v t l bn v
4.2. Quy nh v ng nt v c ch
II. Thit lp mi trng v.

1. Text style.
2. Layer.
3. Dimesion Style.
4. Hatch.
5. Lnh LineType.
6. Block v Thuc tnh ca Block.
6.1. Block
6.2. Thuc tnh ca Block
6.3. Qun l cc block.
7. Ghi cc thit lp mi trng bn v thnh TemPlate.
8. Cc ty chn trong menu Option
III. Gii thiu Express Tools.
Chng 2 : LAYOUT V IN N
I.
Lm vic vi Layout
1. Paper Space
2. Cc thao tc tr n Viewport ca Paper Space
2.1. T o cc Viewport
2.2. C t xn ng bao Viewport
2.3. T l trong tng Viewport
2.4. Layer trong tng Viewport
2.5. n hin viewport
2.6. n hin ng bao viewport
2.7. Scale LineType
2.8. Cc hiu chnh khc i vi Viewport
3. Cc ch khi in nhiu t l trong mt bn v
II. iu hi n in n.
1. Khai bo thit b in.
2. In ra file *.PLT
Chng 3 : L M VIC VI D LIU

I.
Tham ho ngoi
1. Gii thiu v tham kho ngoi.
Lu hnh ni b

2. Ch n mt xref vo bn v
3. M mt xref t bn v chnh
4. Hiu chnh xref t bn v chnh.
4.1. Lnh Refedit (Reference Edit).
4.2. Th m, b bt cc i tng kh i working set (Lnh refset).
4.3. Lnh refclose
4.4. Mt s bin h thng li n quan n xref.
5. iu khin s hin th ca mt xref.
5.1. Xref v cc thnh ph n hin ph thuc.
5.2. Xref v lp.
5.3. Lnh Xbin.
5.4. Tham chiu v ng.
5.5. Xn cc xref.
5.6. T ng tc hin th ca cc xref ln.
6. Qun l xref
6.1. ng d n ca cc xref.
6.2. Xref notification
6.3. AutoCAD DesignCenter.
6.4. File bi n bn (log) ca xref.
II. Lm vic vi d liu ngoi (Wor ing with External Database)
1. S lc v d liu ngoi trong AutoCAD.
2. Cc chun b cho vic kt ni c s d liu.
3. nh cu hnh d liu cho ODBC.
4. nh cu hnh d liu trong AutoCAD.
5. Chnh sa d liu trong AutoCAD
6. T o cc m u kt ni.
7. T o, hiu chnh v xa cc kt ni.
8. Quan st cc kt ni.
9. T o m u nhn.
10. T o nhn.
11. S d ng query truy tm d liu
11.1. S d ng Quick Query
11.2. S d ng Range Query
11.3. S d ng Range Query
11.4. S d ng Link Select
III. Lm vic vi Raster Image
1. Tng quan
2. Ch n nh (inserting images
3. Qun l hnh nh (Managing images)
4. C t xn nh (Clipping images)
5. iu khin s hin th (Controlling image display)
5.1. iu khin hin th
5.2. Cht lng nh (Image quality)
5.3. Image transparency
5.4. Bt t t ng bao ca nh (Image frame)
IV. Pasting, Linking, and Embedding Objects
1. Embedding objects into AutoCAD
2. Linking data
3. Pasting data into AutoCAD
Lu hnh ni b
Chng 4 : TY BIN TRONG AUTOCAD

I.
Cc i tng shape. (1 tit)

1. Khi nim v Shape.
2. Cch m t shape trong file .SHP.
2.1. Vector Length and Direction Code (m vector).
2.2. Special Codes (m c bit)
II. To font ch
1. T o font ch SHX.
2. T o big font.
3. T o big font t file m rng.
III. To cc dng ng (file linetype)
1. Khi nim v phn lo i d ng ng.
2. T o cc d ng ng n gin.
2.1. Dng creat trong lnh -linetype.
2.2. T o linetype bng cch so n tho trc tip trong .LIN
IV. Dng ng phc cha i tng shape
1. D ng ng phc c cha i tng ch.
V. To cc mu mt ct.
1. File m u mt c t.
2. T o m u mt c t n gin.
3. T o cc m u mt c t phc t p.
VI. Menu.
1. Menu v file menu.
1.1. Cc lo i menu
1.2. Cc lo i file menu
1.3. Ti, g b mt menu
2. Ty bin mt menu
2.1. Cu tr c mt file menu
2.2. Menu Macro
2.3. Pull-down Menu
2.3.1. Section ca Pull-down menu
2.3.2. Ti u ca pull-down menu
2.3.3. Tham chiu n pulldown menu
2.3.4. Ch n v lo i b Pull-down menu trn menubar
2.4. Shortcut menu.
2.5. Buttons menu v auxiliary menu.
2.5.1. Section ca Buttons menu v auxiliary menu
2.5.2. T o cc AUX menu.
2.5.3. Menu swaping.
2.6. Image Tile menus
2.6.1. Section ca Image menu
2.6.2. M t m c chn ca menu hnh nh
2.6.3. Gi hin th cc menu hnh nh
2.6.4. Slide v th vin slide.
2.7. Menu mn hnh.
2.7.1. Section ca menu hnh nh.
2.8. Chui ch thch thanh tr ng thi.
Lu hnh ni b

2.8.1. Section ca o n m t chui ch thch.
2.8.2. M t chui ch thch.
2.9. T o cc phm t t.
2.9.1. Section ca o n m t cc phm t t
2.9.2. T o phm t t
VII. Toolbar
1. cch t o toolbars bng cch dng lnh Toolbar
1.1. T o Toolbar
1.2. T o n t lnh mi
1.3. Sa n t lnh
1.4. T o mt Flyout
2. Cch t o toolbars bng cch so n tho trong file *.mnu
2.1. D ng m t tng qut thanh cng c
2.2. D ng m t lo i n t lnh Button
2.3. D ng m t lo i n t lnh Flyout.
2.4. Dong m t n t lnh Control.
Lu hnh ni b
PHN I : AUTOCAD NNG CAO

MC CH V NI DUNG CA PHN AUTOCAD NNG CAO.
Sinh vi n lm quen vi AutoCAD qua mn hc hnh ha, cc n mn hc. Nhng
ph n ln SV mi ch lm quen vi AutoCAD v bit c mt s lnh c bn. Ph n
AutoCAD nng cao s t o cho sinh vi n bit cch b c c, trnh by bn v mt cch chuy n
nghip, bit cch lm ch mi trng v ca mnh.
Chng 1 : THIT LP MI TRNG BN V

I. Quy nh v bn v.
1. Cc thng tin c c t bn v
Hnh d ng
Vt liu (b tng, g ,)
Kch thc (thng qua Dim, thng qua t l + kch thc tr n bn v)
T l
ng nt (thy khut)
2. Cc khng gian trong CAD
CAD cung cp 2 khng gian Model Space v Paper Space.
Model Space
L khng gian giy v
Cc thao tc v thng c thc hin trn m hnh ny.
Paper Space
Cng l mt khng gian v.
Trong paper space (PS), b n c th ch n title block, t o cc layout viewport,
dimension v th m cc notes trc khi in bn v.
Trong PS b n c th tham chiu n 1 hoc nhiu vng ca MS vi cc t l khc
nhau thng qua cc ca s (viewport). (c bit quan trng trong v phi cnh kin
trc)
3.
ngha ca vic thit lp mi trng bn v
Gi p ngi dng thc hin qu trnh v mt cch nhanh hn.
Bn v, quy cch v c thng nht thnh ti u chun v, m u ha trong nhiu
khu
Bn v c t chc th hin mt r rng, m ch l c.
Thnh qu lao ng c ti s d ng l i mt cch chuy n nghip hn
4. Mt s quy nh chung
4.1. Khung v t l bn v
C 2 cch v :
V t do : ko nh gii h n bn v
V theo khung : Bn v c gii h n theo kh giy (lnh Limits)
Cc lo i khung : khung A1,A2,A3,A4
T l bn v l t l gia kch thc tr n bn v khi in ra v kch thc thc. C cc
cch v th hin t l bn v nh sau :
V theo t l 1:1, scale khung in (ch yu dng khi v tr n Model Space)
V theo t l bn v. Gi nguy n khung in (ch yu dng khi v tr n layout)
V theo t l bt k, khng ch t l khung in/ t l bn v (t dng)
Lu hnh ni b

Lnh MVSetup.
4.2. Quy nh v ng nt v c ch
Quy nh v ng nt khi in :
Nt lin mnh (ng bao d m, ng bao ct, cc nt thng thng) :
Nt lin m (Cc nt thp, nt c t qua,) :
Nt hach
Nt ca ch (ch dng khi font s d ng SHX) :
Nt ca ng ghi ch v kch thc :
Quy nh v chiu cao ca ch : Bn v thng thng gm c hai c ch, ty theo t l
m ta t chiu cao ch khc nhau. Tuy nhi n khi in ra phi m bo chiu co ch ghi ch ,
chiu cao ch ca dim l 2,5mm. Chiu cao ch ca ti u l 5mm. (n u v d v chiu cao
ch v t l bn v)
Quy nh v khong cch cc Dim.
Khong cch t chn dim n dim l 10mm
Khong cch gia cc Dim song song nhau l 8mm
II. Thit lp mi trng v.
1. Text style.
Command : STyle
Style name : Tn style

New, rename, delete : T o mi, thay i t n v xa mt kiu ch (Text style)
Font
Font name : Tn phng
font style : Chn font ch m rng ca font shx khi chn Use Big font
Height : Chiu cao mc nh ca font. AutoCAD s u tin s dng chiu cao ny
trong ton b bn v. Nu chiu cao ny bng 0 th AutoCAD s ly chiu cao
nhp vo khi chn text
Effects
Upside down : Ln ngc ch theo trc nm ngang
Backwards : Quay ngc ch theo trc thng ng
Vertical : Ch theo phng thng ng
Lu hnh ni b

Width factor : Phng ch theo chiu ngang.
Oblique Angle : Gc nghing ca ch.
Preview : xem trc cc nh d ng chn.
2. Layer.
Command : Layer
Bng Layer Properties Manager hin l n :
,
Filter :
T o mt filter (n vo n t new filter)
Filter name : T n ca nhm lc.

Filter definition
Status : 2 ch : ang s dng (current in use) v Tt c layer (all layer)
Name : Lc theo tn, s dng du * thay th cho mt nhm k t, du ? thay
th cho mt k t.
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On, freeze, lock, color, lineweight, Plot Style, Plot : Lc theo cc thuc tnh ca
layer.
Filter preview : Xem trc cc i layer lc.
Nu d ng lnh nhiu hn mt d ng c coi l iu kin hoc.
Group Layer :
T o tng nhm lc. Layer trong nhm mi t o khng bao gm cc layer trong bn v.
Ta c th nhp cc layer trong bn. Trong mi nhm ny ta c th t o tng b lc layer khc
nhau.
Khi ta ch n mt block hay ch n mt xref vo th AutoCAD s t ng ch n th m group
layer.
Layer States Manager
Ta c th xut cc nh d ng layer ra file cha layer *.LAS
Lu hnh ni b

Khi cc thuc tnh ca layer b thay i, ta c th khi ph c l i n bng cch import
l i cc thuc tnh c lu l i trong file *.LAS. Ch cc layer b xa i th s khng
khi ph c l i c.
Cc thuc tnh c khi ph c l i c quy nh trong Layer setting to restore. (Frezen
: qu kh ca freeze ng b ng, Thaw : s tan b ng )
Turn off layers not found in layer state : T t tt c cc layer khng tm thy trong file
*.LAS khi khi ph c l i thuc tnh.
3. Dimesion Style.
Command : DIMSTYLE
Set current : Chuyn dimstyle c chn sang ch o hin hnh.

New : T o mi Dimstyle.
Modify : Chnh sa Dimstyle.
Override : Dng khi mun gn chng t m thi cc bin kch thc trong kiu kch
thc c chn.
Compare : So snh cc thng s trong 2 lo i Dimstyle khc nhau trong bn v.
Hp tho i tao new :
Hp thoi Use for : Lo i kch c p d ng trong khi o

All dimension : Tt c cc loi kch thc.
Linear : Kch thc thng.
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Angular : o gc
Radius : o bn knh
Diameter : o ng knh.
Ordinate : Ta im
Leader and tolerance : Ch thch vi ng dn v dung sai.
Frame Dimension Line : (ng kch thc)

Extend beyond ticks : Khong cch ng kch thc nh ra khi ng ging khi
ta chn arrowheads l gch cho.
Baseline spacing : Khong cch gia ng kch thc trong chui kch thc
song song.
Suppress : B qua ng kch thc th nht, th hai, v c th nht ln th hai.
M t trong hnh v di y :
Frame Dimension Line:
Extend beyond dim lines : khong ng ging nh ra khi ng kch thc.
Offset from origin : Khong cch t gc ng ging n u ng ging.
Suppress :B qua ng ging th nht, th hai, c hai ng ging.
M t trong hnh v di y.
Arrowheads : (Mi tn)

1st : Dng mi tn cho u kch thc th nht.
2nd : Dng mi tn cho u kch thc th hai.
Leader : Dng mi tn cho u ng ch thch.
Arrow size : ln u mi tn. Chn User arrow, khi hp thoi hin ra, ta
nhp tn block dng lm mi tn vo hp thoi.
Center Marks for Circles : (Du tm v ng tm)
Type : D ng du tm (mark), ng tm (line) hay khng hin g (none).
Size : kch thc du tm.
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Text Appearance:
Text style : Chn tn kiu ch hin ln trong kch thc. Ta c th lm hin bng
text style trong [] bn cnh text style.
Text color : Mu ch
Fill color : mu nn ca ch.
Text height : Chiu cao ca ch.
Fraction height scale : Gn t l gia chiu cao ch s dung sai v ch s kch
thc.
Draw frame around text : V khung ch nht bao quanh ch s kch thc.
Text Placement :
Vertical : iu chnh v tr ch theo phng thng ng.
Center : Ch s nm gia ng kch thc.
Above : Ch s nm tr n ng kch thc.
Outside : v tr nm ngoi ng kch thc v xa im gc o nht.
JIS (Japanese industrial Standards) : v tr ch ca ng kch thc theo ti u
chun Nht.
Horizontal : V tr ca ch so vi phng nm ngang.
Centered : nm gia hai ng ging.
1 st Extension Line : Ch s nm v pha ng ging th nht. Khong cch
t ch n ng ging bng tng chiu di mi t n v bin Offset from dim line
Offset from dim line : khong cch t ch n ng kch thc. TC khong 1-2
mm.Nu ch nm gia ng kch thc th y l khong cch gia ch v 2
nhnh ca ng kch thc.Nu bin ny m th AutoCAD s t ng chuyn s
ny thnh dng.
Text Alignment : iu chnh hng ca ch.
Horizontal : ch lun lun nm ngang.
Aligned with dimension line : ch c ging song song vi ng kch thc.
ISO Standard : ch s song song vi ng kch thc khi n nm trong hai ng
ging, v s nm ngang trong trng hp nm ngc li.
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Fit Options : th ny s kim tra xem, nu ch trng th s t text v ng kch

thc theo ng v tr quy nh m c trc. C n nu khng ch trng ghi text th
text v ng kch thc s c ghi theo cc quy nh sau :
Either the text or the arrows whichever fits best :
Khi ch trng th text v mi t n th c hai s nm gia hai ng ging.
Khi ch ch cho text th mi t n s c v ra ngoi.
Khi ch ch cho mi t n th text s c v ra ngoi.
Arrows :
Khi ch cho ch v mi t n th c hai s nm gia hai ng ging.
Khi ch ch cho mi t n th mi t n s c v trong 2 ng ging c n
ch th c v ra ngoi.
Khi khng ch cho mi t n th c text v mi t n s c v ra ngoi.
Text :
Khi ch cho ch v mi t n th c hai s nm gia hai ng ging.
Khi ch ch cho Text th Text s c v trong 2 ng ging c n mi
t n th c v ra ngoi.
Khi khng ch cho Text th c text v mi t n s c v ra ngoi.
Both text and arrouws : Khi khng choc ho ch s hoc mi tn th c hai s
c v ra ngoi.
Always keep text between ext lines : ch s v kch thc lun lun nm gia hai
ng ging.
Suppress arrows if they dont fit inside the extension lines : s khng xut hin mi
tn nu gia hai ng ging khng ch trng v.
Text Placement : quy nh v tr ca ch s kch thc khi di chuyn ch ng ra kh i v
tr mc nh
Beside the dimension line : Sp xp bn cnh ng ging.
Over the dimension line, with a leader : sp xp ra ngoi ng kch thc km
theo mt ng d n.
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Over the dimension line, without a leader : sp xp ra ngoi ng kch thc m
km theo bt k mt ng dn no.
Scale for Dimension Features :
Use overall scale of : Phng ton b cc bin kch thc theo t l ny. Ring gi
tr ch s o c khng b thay i.
Scale dimensions to layout (paper space) : Dng trong paper space. Nghin cu
sau.
Fine Tuning : gn mt s la chn b xung.
Place text manually when dimensioning : t v tr text bng cch t chn v tr
sau mi ln o.
Always draw dim line between ext lines : Lun lun v ng kch thc nm gia
hai ng ging.
Linear Dimensions : gn d ng v n v cho kch thc di

Unit format : Gn dng n v cho tt c cc loi kch thc,
ngoi tr kch thc gc. Theo TCVN ta chn Decimal.
Precision : Quy nh s cc s thp phn s xut hin trong gi
tr o c.
Fraction format : Gn dng cho phn s, cc la chn bao
gm : Digonal, Horizontal v not stacked.
Dicimal separator : Quy nh v du ngn cch gia phn thp
phn v phn nguyn.
Round off : Quy nh v cch lm trn. VD nhp vo 0.15 th tt
c cc s o s lm trn n 0.15
Prefix/ Suffix : Tin t v hu t ca text o c.
Measurement Scale :
Scale factor : chiu di o c s c nhn vi bin ny ra chiu di hin th
trong dim.
Apply to layout dimensions only : Dng trong paper space, cha nhgin cu y
Zero suppression :
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Leading : B nhng s 0 ng trc khng c ngha VD 0.25 .25
Trailing : B qua nhng s 0 khng c ngha trong phn thp phn VD 2.50 2.5
Angular Dimensions :
Unit format : Gn dng n v cho kch thc gc. Theo TCVN ta chn Degreesl.
Precision : Quy nh s cc s thp phn s xut hin trong gi tr o c.
Zero suppression :
Alternate units : gn cc n v li n kt. Gn d ng v chnh xc n v chiu di,

gc, kch thc v t l ca n v o li n kt (gia inch v minimeter)
Display alternate units : Hin th kch thc li n kt( l d ng kch thc nh k m vi
kch thc li n kt chnh, v d nh kch thc li n kt chnh l minimeter, c n kch thc
li n kt l inch. Kch thc li n kt ph l kch thc i k m gii thch cho kch thc
chnh)
Alternate units
Unit format : Gn n v lin kt.
Precision :Gn s cc s thp phn c ngha da trn dng n v di v gc m
bn chn.
Multiplier for alt units : Chnh s t l gia n v kch thc chnh v n v kch
thc lin kt.
Round distance to : Quy nh quy tc lm trn s cho kch thc lin kt
Prefix : Tin t cho kch thc lin kt.
Suffix : Hu t cho kch thc lin kt.
Zero suppression :
Leading :B nhng s 0 ng trc khng c ngha VD 0.25 .25
Trailing :B qua nhng s 0 khng c ngha trong phn thp phn VD 2.50 2.5
Placement : nh v v tr t kch thc li n kt
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After primary value : t v tr kch thc lin kt sau v tr kch thc lin kt
chnh.
Below primary value : t kch thc lin kt di v tr kch thc lin kt chnh.
Tolerance : iu khin s hin th v hnh d ng ca cc ch s dung sai.

Tolerance Fomat
Methode : Gn phng php tnh dung sai kch thc.
None : khng thm vo sau kch thc sai lch gi hn gi tr

dung sai.
Symmetrical : Du xut hin trc cc gi tr dung sai. Khi
sai lch gii h n tr n v sai l ch gii h n di s c gi tr
tuyt i bng nhau. Ta ch c n nhp gi tr vo upper value.
Deviation : Sai lch gii hn m v dng khc nhau, khi ta in sai lch gii
hn m vo Lower value v sai lch gii hn dng vo Upper value.
Limits : To nn cc kch thc gii hn. Kch thc gii hn trn bng kch thc
danh ngha cng vi gi tr sai lch gii hn trn (Upper value), kch thc gii
hn di bng kch thc danh ngha tr i gii hn di (Lower value) .
Basic : To mt khung ch nht bao quanh ch s kch thc. Khong cch t ch
s kch thc n khung ch nht bng khong cch t ch s kch thc n
ng kch thc khi khng chn m c ny.
Precision : Hin th v gn s cc s thp phn c ngha.

Upper value : Hin th v gn sai lch gii hn trn.
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Lower value : Hin th v gn sai lch gii hn di.
Scaling for height : T s gia chiu cao ch s kch thc v ch s dung sai kch
thc.
Vertical position : Quy nh im canh l ca cc gi tr dung sai
d ng symmetrical. Bao gm 3 kiu (Bottom, middle, top).
Alternate Unit Tolerance: quy nh cch thc gn chnh xc cho kch thc li n
kt.
Precision : Hin th v gn chnh xc cho dung sai kch thc lin kt.
Zero suppression :
4. Hatch.
Command : BHATCH
Th Hatch
Type : C 3 m u mt c t :
Predefinied : Cho php ta chn mu mt ct trong file
ACAD.PAT. C 3 loi mt ct l ANSI (American
National Standards Institute), ISO (International
Standards Organisation) v Other Predefined
Custom : Chn mu mt ct c to t cc file .PAT
User Defined : Dng chn mu cc on thng song song. Khi ta nhp vo
khong cch gia cc ng (spacing) v gc nghing (angle) ca hatch.
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Swatch (m u mt c t) : Hin h m u mt c t chn. Nu chn m u mt c t l Solid th
swatch hin th thuc tnh mu ca hatch.
Custom pattern : Chn cc m u la chn cha trong file .PAT

Pattern : Chn cc m u c s n trong file ACAD.PAT
Angle : Gc nghi ng ca hatch
Scale : T l phng
Iso pen with : Nu chn m u theo ISO th cho php chn chiu rng ca b t khi xut
bn v ra giy
Double : Ch c tc d ng khi ta chn User Defined Pattern. Double Hatch cho php ta
t o th m cc ng mt c t vung gc. Hnh thnh li vung li n tip nhau.
Pick points, Select objects : Chn mt vng khp kn.
Remove Island : B i mt vng nh trong vng chn
Inherit Properties : Ly m u mt c t t mt hatch t tr n bn v
Associative : Nu chn m c ny th hacth s t ng bm dnh ly cc ng bi n. C
th l khi ta di chuyn ng bi n hay mt object b n trong hatch, Hatch s t ng thay i
bm ly cc object v boundary.
Th Advanced
Island detection style : Chn kiu v mt c t nh m t trong hnh k m theo :
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Object type (m u mt c t) : Nu chn Retain boundaries th ng bi n sau khi hatch
s tr thnh d ng polyline hoc Region..
Buondary set : Chn khi xc nh ng bi n bng pick point.
Current viewport : Ch gii h n trong ca s nhn
hin hnh.
Chn new chn mt gii h n cho lnh pick point.
Khi buondary set s thnh Existing set
Island detection method : m t cch xc nh
cc island.
Food : Cc island c xem l cc i tng bin.
Ray casting : D tm ng bin theo im ta ch nh theo hng ngc chiu kim
ng h.
One color : Phi gia mu c chn v mu trng.

Tint : Mu nh.
Shade : Mu m.
Two color : Phi gia hai mu c chn.
Center : ng tm.
Angle : gc quay ca mu.
5. Lnh LineType.
Command : Linetype
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Hp thoi LineType Manager.

Global scale factor (lnh ltscale) : quy nh t l phng to hay thu nh ng thng
( Dng khi ng thng khng phi l nt lin)
Current object scale (lnh celtscale) Quy nh t l dng ng cho i tng sp
v. V d : Khi bin ltscale bng 2, bin celtscale bng 0.5 khi i tng sp v
s c t l dng ng l 1.
Linetype filters : Lc cc ng hin th trn linetype manager. Nt invert filter l
ph nh ca hp filter .
6. Block v Thuc tnh ca Bloc .
6.1. Block
Command : block.
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Name : Ti a 255 k t.
Object.
Retain : Gi li cc i tng chn nh l cc i tng ring bit
Convert to block : Chuyn tt c cc i tng thnh group lun.
Delete : Xa tt c cc i tng chn sau khi to block.
Preview icon : Cho php xem trc block nh mt Icon.
Drag and drop units : Ch nh n v ca block trong trng hp c s thay i t
l khi ko t AutoCAD DesignCenter vo bn v.
Description :
Hyperlink :
6.2. Thuc tnh ca Bloc
nh ngha thuc tnh
Thuc tnh l thnh ph n ca mt block c th l d ng ch nh k m theo khi (block).
N nh cc tnh cht ca thuc tnh v cc d ng nh c hin th khi ch n block vi thuc tnh.
To thuc tnh cho hi.
Lnh Attdef (Define attributes) : Cho php nh ngha cc thuc tnh ca block. Thi
thc hin lnh Attdef hp tho i sau s hin l n :
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Cc la chn ca hp tho i Attribute Definition nh sau :

Mode :
Attribute modes : Phng thc thuc tnh. Gm 4 la chn xc nh c xut hin v gi
tr thuc tnh : Invisible. Constant, Verify v present.
Invisible : sau ki ch n block vi thuc tnh th thuc tnh s khng hin l n tr n
mn hnh. La chn ny s gi p cho vic ti t o bn v c nhanh hn. Cc c th
iu khin l i s hin th ca cc thuc tnh bng vic thay i l i la chn trong
lnh Attdisp.
Constant : cc gi tr thuc tnh s khng thay i. Khi so n tho Prompt tr n
vng attribute s c che i.
Verify : khi ch n block cng cc thuc tnh th d ng nh c thm tra l i s chnh xc
ca cc thuc tnh va nhp s c hin ln.
Preset : AutoCAD khng cho php nhp gi tr thuc tnh khi s d ng lnh insert
ch n, tuy nhi n thuc tnh ny c th thay i bng lnh Attedit.
Attribute : gn d liu cho cc thuc tnh (attribute data). B n c th nhp ti a 256k
t, Du g ch ch (\) s thay cho k t trng. Nu b n mun nhp k t \ th phi nhp hai k
t g ch cho c nh nhau.
Tag : Xc nh t n ca tag. C th cha k t bt k ngo i tr du cch v du
chm than. AutoCAD s t ng thay th ch thng thnh ch hoa.
Prompt : nh d ng nh c thuc tnh, s c hin th khi b n mun ch n block
cha thuc tnh. Nu b n chn constant th vng mode ny s khng hin l n.
Value : nh ngha gi tr mc nh ca thuc tnh.
Insertion point : nh v tr cho thuc tnh. Nhp gi tr ta hoc chn pick point
nh v tr im trc tip ch n tr n bn v.
Text options : gn cc nh d ng k t cho ch (attribute text).
Justification : nh im canh l cho d ng ch thuc tnh (Nh lnh DText)
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Text Style : nh kiu ch cho d ng ch thuc tnh.
Height : nh chiu cao ca d ng ch thuc tnh. Nhp gi tr vo ny hoc chn
height< nhp chiu cao bng cch nhp hai im tr n bn v. Nu b n nhp
chiu cao ca Text style trong lnh Style th height s b m i.
Rotation : Ch nh gc nghi ng cho d ng ch thuc tnh. Nhp gc quay vo
rotaion. Nu b n chn Align hoc fit tr n danh sch justufication th la chn ny
s c che m i.
Align below previous attribute definition : s p xp cc attribute tag ngay b n di
thuc tnh nh ngha trc ( cho trng hp block c nhiu thuc tnh). Nu
trc b n cha t o bt k mt thuc tnh no th la chn ny s m i.
Hiu chnh cc nh ngha thuc tnh.
Lnh Ddedit (vit t t ED). Bng Edit Attribute Definition hin ra nh sau :
B n c th chnh l i cc thng s ca thuc tnh ri n n t OK.

Ngoi ra ta c th s d ng lnh change thay i cc nh ngha thuc tnh hin c.
Gn thuc tnh cho bloc .
gn thuc tnh cho block ta gn thuc tnh cho block khi nh ngha block ngha l
khi t o block ta chn th m nh ngha.
Trnh t chn cc thuc tnh quy nh trnh t hin th cc d ng nh c khi b n ch n block
vi thuc tnh bng lnh insert.
Ch n block vi thuc tnh vo trong bn v.
Ch n block c thuc tnh bng lnh insert cng nh ch n block bnh thng. Tuy nhi n
nu bin ATTDIA = 1 th xut hin hp tho i Enter Attributes, tr n hp tho i ny ta nhp cc
gi tr thuc tnh. Ph thuc vo s lng cc thuc tnh m ta gn cho block m ta c s
lng cc TextBox nhiu hay t. Ngc l i nu ATTDIA = 0 th hp tho i ny s khng c
hin l n. ta nhp cc thuc tnh ca block di d ng lnh.
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Ximang
ViNaComex
14
iu hi n s hi n th ca cc thuc tnh.
Lnh Attdisp iu khin s hin th ca cc thuc tnh block t i bn v hin hnh. Bin
ny l ON th s hin th cc thuc tnh ca block. Bin ny l OFF th cc thuc tnh ny s
khng c hin th l n. Vic t t s hin th cc thuc tnh ca block khi khng c n hit s
lm cho bn v c ti tao nhanh hn.
Command: attdisp
Enter attribute visibility setting [Normal/ON/OFF] <Normal>: of
Regenerating model.
Cp nht thay i.
Lnh Attsync cho php cp nht nhng g thay i ca block ch nh vi cc thuc
tnh hin hnh xc nh cho block.
V d khi thay i cc thuc tnh, sau ta nh ngha l i block. Dng lnh AttSync
update l i cc thuc tnh ca block.
Command: attsync
Enter an option [?/Name/Select] <Select>: ?
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Attributed blocks: 123
Enter an option [?/Name/Select] <Select>: N
Enter name of block to sync or [?]: 123
Chn block c n cp nht chn select.
Nhp ? lit k danh sch block c.
Ch nh t n ca block c n cp nht chn Name.
Hiu chnh thuc tnh ca bloc .
Hiu chnh thuc tnh bng lnh Attedit
Lnh Attedit cho php b n hiu chnh cc thuc tnh ca block ch n vo trong bn
v. Khi nh lnh ny hp tho i Edit Attribute s hin l n. Tuy nhi n lnh ny ch cho php
hiu chnh block vi thuc tnh mt cch ri ng l.
Lnh -Attedit
Edit attributes one at a time? [Yes/No] <Y>: N
Performing global editing of attribute values.
Edit only attributes visible on screen? [Yes/No] <Y>:
Enter block name specification <*>:
Enter attribute tag specification <*>:
Enter attribute value specification <*>:
Chn tt c cc block
chn Ximang ca block th
nht.
chn Thep ca block th hai.
Chn Ximang ca block th ba
Select Attributes: 1 found

Select Attributes:
3 attributes selected.
Enter string to change: Ximang
Enter new string: Cat
Sa nhiu thuc tnh mt l c
Thay nhng chui l Ximang

thnh chui Cat
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Trc khi hiu chnh
Ximang
ViNaComex
Thep
Viet Uc
Ximang
ViNaComex
21
25
12
Cat
ViNaComex
Thep
Viet Uc
Cat
ViNaComex
21
25
12
Sau khi hiu chnh
Hiu chnh thuc tnh bng lnh Eattedit.

Lnh Eattedit (hoc nhy kp chut) hp tho i Enhanced Attribute Editor c hin
th :
Command: Ettedit
Select block reference:
Nu block b n chn khng cha thuc tnh hoc i tng chn khng phi l block th
xut hin d ng thng bo li. B n phi chn l i block khc.
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Select Block : chn block tr n bn v.

Apply : Cp nht cc thay i cu thuc tnh.
Attribute :
Hin th Tag, Prompt v Value gn cho mi thuc tnh
Value : Gn gi tr cho thuc tnh c chn.
Text Options : gn cc thuc tnh cho text. Cc la chn nh trong hp tho i t o thuc
tnh cho block.
TextStyle :Kiu text thuc tnh s hin ln mn hnh.
Justification : Ch nh im canh l cho text thuc tnh.
Height : Ch nh chiu cao dng ch thuc tnh.
Rotation : Ch nh gc quay thuc tnh dng ch thuc tnh.
Backwards : Ch nh dng ch thuc tnh i xng theo phng thng ng.
Upside down : Ch nh dng ch thuc tnh i xng phng ngang.
Oblique Angle : Ch nh nghi ng d ng ch thuc tnh.
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Propertie : xc nh lp cha thuc tnh chiu rng nt in, d ng ng, mu,.

Layer : Ch r lp cha thuc tnh
LineType : ch nh dng ng.
Color : ch nh mu ca text thuc tnh.
Plot Style : Ch r kiu in ca thuc tnh. Nu bn v s dng kiu in hin hnh l
kiu in theo mu th bng ny s c lm m i.
LineWeight : Ch r chiu rng net ca thuc tnh.
Hiu chnh cc tnh cht ca thuc tnh.
S d ng lnh Battman hiu chnh cc tnh cht thuc tnh ca nh ngha block. Khi
nh lnh Battman hp tho i Block Attribute Manager hin l n nh sau :
Chn Edit th hp tho i Edit Attribute s hin l n nh sau :
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Th Attribute : nh trnh by trong m c t o thuc tnh.

Data : B n c th sa gi tr ca Tag, Prompt, Default.
Th
Text Options : chn cc nh d ng v ch.

Backwards : i xng theo phng thng ng
Upside down: i xng theo phng ngang.
Cc la chn khc nh trong phn to thuc tnh ca khi.
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Th Properties : bao gm cc la chn v layer, color, linetype,

Nu chn setting th hp tho i setting s hin l n nh sau
Trch thng tin thuc tnh.

Sau khi t o v ch n block vi thuc tnh vo bn v, ta c th trch thng tin ca block
ra file nh d ng ACII (.TXT). Cc thng ny c th c s d ng bi mt s ph n mm
khc.
Lnh Attext (Attribute Extaction).
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Format file : chn cc nh d ng format file AutoCAD duyt qua nh s trnh

by di y.
Select Object : chn cc block c n trch thng tin. S lng cc block chn th hin
trong Number found.
Output File : chn file s xut thng tin ra.
File thng tin thuc tnh (Format file).
Thng tin thuc tnh ch c trch khi t n Tag ph hp vi t n trng c nh ngha
trong file m u. Lnh Attext nh trnh by tr n cho ta 3 nh d ng ca file m u (format
file).
Comma delimited file (CDF)
Space delimited file (SDF)
DXF Format Extract File (DXX)
CDF l nh d ng trong thuc tnh ca mi block c chn s c l mt record.
Du (,) s tch trng cu mi record, du () bao quanh trng k t.
SDF l nh d ng t o ra file cha ng mt record cho mi tham kho block. Mi
trng ca mt record c chiu di c nh v khng dung bt k mt du phn cch no gia
cc trng cng nh cc chui k t.
DXX l nh d ng t o n n tp hp con nh d ng file trao i bn v ca AutoCAD
trong DXX l mt ph n nh ca DXF. File DXX khng i h i file nh d ng v n theo
nh d ng ca DXF file.
Cu trc ca file mu thng tin thuc tnh.
File m u c trnh cha tt c cc thng tin li n quan n attribute, name, location,
ca block. Sau khi nh ngha file m u, AutoCAD s s d ng t o ra cc file thng tin ca
block.
V d file m u di y cha tt c cc thng tin c th trch ra t block.
Field
Format
Explanation
BL: LEVEL
NWWW000
Mc block lng nhau
BL: NAME
CWWW000
Tn block
BL: X
NWWWPPP
Honh X im ch n
BL: Y
NWWWPPP
Tung Y im ch n
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BL: Z
BL: NUMBER
BL: HANDLE
BL: LAYER
BL: ORIENT
BL: XSCALE
BL: YSCALE
BL: ZSCALE
BL: XEXTRUDE
BL: YEXTRUDE
BL: ZEXTRUDE
BL: SPACE
NWWWPPP
NWWW000
CWWW000
CWWW000
NWWWPPP
NWWWPPP
NWWWPPP
NWWWPPP
NWWWPPP
NWWWPPP
NWWWPPP
CWWWPPP
Cao Z im ch n
Block counter
Block handle
Tn layer khi chn block
Gc quay ca block
T l phng theo tr c X
T l phng theo tr c Y
T l phng theo tr c Z
Thnh ph n X ca hng dn ra ca block.
Thnh ph n Y dng trong v 3D
Thnh Ph n Z
Ch n mt khong trng vo v tr ny.
Ngoi cc thng tin tr n ta c n c th trch cc thng tin thuc tnh i k m ca block

(Attributes tag) nh v d sau :
Attribute tag
Hang
Soluong
Format
CWWWPPP
NWWW000
Gii thch nh d ng m t (Fomat) : TWWWPPP

T : k t u ti n s quy nh gi tr ca thuc tnh l ch hay s (C :character, N :
number).
WWW : s quy nh di ca gi tr thuc
tnh (bao gm c du phy v du chm phn
cch gia ph n thp phn v ph n nguy n).
PPP : chnh xc i vi s c n i vi tt
c cc k t ta dng 000.
V d N006002 : quy nh gi tr l s (N), gi tr
c th l n ti 999.99 (v 006 bao gm c du chm v
002 cho php ly chnh xc ti 2 ch s thp phn).
V d v file mu .
S d ng trnh so n tho NotePad t o ra file
vl.txt c ni dung nh sau :
BL : NAME
BL : X
BL : Y
BL : SPACE
TENVL
HANG
KHOILUONG
C004000
N008002
N008002
C002000
C012000
C006000
N008000
Khi file trch thng tin ca ta c d ng nh sau :
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Xut thng tin thuc tnh bloc b ng lnh Eattext

nh lnh Eattext, hp tho i Attribute Extraction wizard hin l n :
Drawings
Select object : chn mt hoc nhiu block.
Current drawing : chn tt c cc thuc tnh ca tt c cc block c trong bn v.
Select drawing : chn bn v khc.
Drawing files : ng d n ca file cha block c n trch thng tin.
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Include xrefs : bao gm cc thng tin thuc tnh ca cc tham kho ngoi.
Include nested blocks : bao gm cc thng tin ca cc block lng.
Use template : s d ng cc dnh d ng m u (file template).

No template : khng s d ng cc dnh d ng m u (file template).
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Chn cc thng tin c n trch ra trong hp attributes for block.
Chn cc block s trch thng tin trong hp blocks.
Chn anternate view chuyn i gia cc kiu nhn.
Ghi l i cc thit lp va thao tc l n sau dng l i. File template c d ng *.BLK
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Ta c th ghi l i cc thng tin trch di d ng cc file khc nhau.

V d nh Excel :
6.3. Qun l cc bloc .

S dng Acad Design Center
Ta c th s d ng ca s acad Design center qun l cc block. C th ly cc block
t bn v khc, c th preview trc, ri ko th vo bn v ca mnh.
S dng chc n ng o th ca Window
Khi ta lm vic vi Internet Explore ta c th s d ng chc n ng ko th cc icon (cc
file ca AutoCAD) ch n vo bn v. Cc bn v c ch n vo nh l mt i tng
block.
7. Ghi cc thit lp mi trng bn v thnh TemPlate.
8. Cc ty chn trong menu Option
III.
Gii thiu Express Tools.
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Chng 2 : LAYOUT V IN N
I. Lm vic vi Layout
1. Paper Space
Khi nim v vng nhn tnh v ng
Vng nhn tnh (Tiled Viewport)
AutoCad cho php b n chia mn hnh thnh nhiu hnh ch nht. B n c th hin th cc
vng nhn khc nhau ca bn v tr n cc hnh ch nht . M c ch ph c v cho vic quan
st bn v mt cch d dng hn. Vng nhn tnh ch c trong Model Space (MS).
Mt s c tnh ca Tiled Viewport :
Khng quant trng l b n c bao nhi u khung nhn, ch ng lun lun c s p sp
c nh nhau v ph kn ton mn hnh
T i mt thi im ch c mt khung nhn Active. Khung nhn Active lun c vin
m
Crosshair ch xut hin tr n Active viewport
UCS (User Coordinate System) Icon lun xut hin t i tt c cc khung nhn
S thay i ca cc i tng bn v tr n mt khung nhn s ngay lp tc s c
th hin tr n cc khung nhn c n l i.
AutoCAD cho php b n t o ra ti a 96 khung nhn
B n c th b t u lnh t mt khung nhn v kt th c lnh mt khung nhn khc.
Ngoi ra b n c n c th ghi l i cu hnh ca cc khung nhn, ph c v cho m c ch
khi ph c l i cc khung nhn nu mun.
Vng nhn ng (Floating Viewport)
Vng nhn ng ch c trong Paper Sapce (PS), b n ch s d ng n khi mun th hin
mt vng ca bn v tr n MS trong PS. Theo mc inh, ch c mt Floating view (FV) trong
mt PS. Tuy nhi n b n c th t o ra nhiu hn mt nu b n mun.
FV c mt s c tnh sau
Khng ging nh Tiled Viewport (TV), FV l mt Object tht, b n c th xo,
move v stretch n. B n c th hin th n tr n layer ri ng bit, v c n c th bt t t
ch hin th ng bao ca n. Ch ng khng in y mn hnh nh TV m b n
c th t do thit k kch thc v v tr ca ch ng.
Trong PS, Crosshairs khng b gi h n trong mt vng nhn ng.
B n c th thit lp s hin th ca UCS Icon trong tng FV
B n c th t o nhiu FV trong PS v ch ng s c lu l i cng vi bn v.
Tt c nhng g b n v tr n MS u c trong PS. Tri l i, nhng g b n v tr n PS
ch tn t i tr n PS, khng tn t i tr n bn v khi b n tr v MS.
Sau khi b n v xong trong MS, b n chuyn sang PS v. Tr n khng gian PS b n
c th v th m or chnh sa cc Object tr n MS bng cch Double click vo FV.
Khi FV lm vic ging ht nh TV.
Khi nim : Tab Layout cho php truy sut n 1 vng c gi l Paper space. Trong
paper space (PS), b n c th ch n title block, t o cc layout viewport, dimension v th m cc
notes trc khi in bn v.
PS v MS l 2 khng gian lm vic ri ng l. Trong PS ta c th tham chiu n 1 hoc
nhiu vng ca MS vi cc t l khc nhau thng qua cc ca s (viewport).
Mc ch : Ngi ta thng s d ng PS trong trng hp
C nhiu hnh v vi t l khc nhau tr n cng mt bn v (V k thut XD).
Mun in hnh v vi cc gc nhn khc nhau tr n cng mt bn v (v kin tr c).
Mun in hnh v vi cc gc xoay khc nhau (in tuyn ng trong c u ng)
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Cc bc
u ti n ta v cc hnh v tr n MS
Sau chuyn sang PS ch n cc Note, dimension v cc leader.
Cc thao tc vi PS
Trong PS b n cng c th view, edit cc PS Object nh layout viewport v tile block.
Mc nh ca CAD, mt bn v c 2 layout tab, c t n l Layout1 v layout2. Tuy nhi n
n s c t n khc nu b n s d ng cc template khc.
B n c th t o mt layout bng cc cch sau :
Add new layout without setting sau s thit lp cc thng s cho n sau.
S d ng chc n ng Creat layout wizard v thit lp ngay cc thng s cho n.
Import layout t mt bn v c sn (DWG or DWT)
Add a new Layout
Click insert menuLayout New Layout.
Enter the name of the new layout on the command line.
A new layout tab is created. To switch to the new layout, choose the layout tab.
To import a layout from a template
Click Insert menuLayoutLayout from Template.
In the Select File dialog box, select a DWT or DWG file to import a layout from
Click Open.
In the Insert Layout(s) dialog box, select a layout to import.
A new layout tab is created. To switch to the new layout, click the layout tab.
To create a layout using a wizard
Click Insert menu Layout Layout Wizard.
On each page of the Create Layout wizard, select the appropriate settings for the
new layout.
Trong PS, Bn c ng c th :
Duplicate a layout
Rename a layout
Delete a layout
Rearrange layout tabs
Make a layout current
Sctivate the previous layout
Click Select All Layouts.
Plot a layout
2. Cc thao tc tr n Viewport ca Paper Space
2.1. To cc Viewport
u ti n b n chuyn sang Paper Space, sau dng lnh MVIEW.
Trong Layout, b n c th t o nhiu ca s Viewport khc nhau, b n c th b tr, s p
xp cc viewport theo m c ch ca b n. Theo mc nh, Autocad cho php b n t o ti a l
64 viewports , ta c th thay i s lng viewport bng cch thay i bin h thng
MAXACTVP.
Trong Viewport ta cng c th v cc i tng bn v nh trong Model space. Ngoi
ra ta c n c th tham chiu n mt vng bn v no ca Model Space vi mt t l t
sn. tham chiu n mt vng no ca Model Space ta dng lnh MSPACE sau
chn viewport m tat ham c n hiu chnh.
S d ng chc n ng zoom t bn v trong Model Space vo Paper Space vi t l
nh mong mun.. T i y ta cng c th chnh sa, th m bt cc i tng ca m trng
Model Space. Cc thay i ny s c ghi l i trong Model Space.
quay v mi trng Paper Space ta nh lnh PSpace.
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2.2. Ct xn ng bao Viewport
Autocad cho php b n c t xn cc ng bi n ca viewport ph c v cho cc m c
ch ri ng ca b n. Lnh Vclip cho php b n c t xn thep mt hnh ch nht hay polygon bt
k. C php nh sau :
T i d ng lnh nh vpclip.
Select the viewport to clip : chn viewport c n c t xn.
Enter d (Delete) to delete the clipping boundary : nhn D xa ng bin c t
xn trc .
Enter p (Polygonal) : nhn P t o ng bi n a gic c t xn mi.
Specify points, or select the object, to define the new viewport boundary.
Shortcut menu Select the viewport to clip, right-click in the drawing area, and then
choose Viewport Clip
2.3. T l trong tng
Viewport
B n c th t t l
trong tng viewport bng
lnh zoom nh ni
tr n, tuy nhi n t vi mt
t l chnh xc bng cch
thay i t l ca viewport
trong ca s Propertie
(Ctrl_1).
V d : gi s t l v trong bn v l 1 : 25, ta t trong MiscCustom : 0.04.
Nu mun c nh t l cng nh khung nhn, b n chuyn la chn Display locked
2.4. Layer trong tng Viewport
Layer c th n hin trong tng Viewport khc nhau l khc nhau.
Ct th 4 (Freeze) : c chc n ng ng (tan) b ng cho tt c cc viewport.

Ct th 12 (Freeze Viewport) : c chc n ng ng (tan) b ng cho tng viewport.
Ct th 13 (Freeze Viewport) : c chc n ng ng (tan) b ng cho tt c cc viewport
mi s p c t o.
2.5. n hin viewport
n hin viewport ph thuc vo tr ng thi thng s On trong
th Misc ca ca s Properties khi ta chn ng bao ca ca s
viewport.
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2.6. n hin ng bao viewport
n hin ng bao ca cc viewport, b n t o ra mt layer mi cha ng bao ca
viewport m b n mun n hin n. Sau , vic n hin ng bao s ph thuc vo tr ng
thi bt t t ca layer cha ng bao.
2.7. Scale LineType
Qun l t l Line Type trong Paper Space thng qua bin h thng Psltscale.
PsLtScale = 1 : t l d ng ng s c nhn vi t l phng ca viewport.
PsLtScale = 0 : t l d ng ng s c gi nguy n nh trong Model Space cho d
b n c phng in t l bao nhi u i ch ng na.
2.8. Cc hiu chnh hc i vi Viewport

Quay s hin thi trong Layout, dng thng hang cc khung nhn, t o khung nhn mi,
chnh t l khung nhn. Tham kho lnh MvSetup.
3. Cc ch
hi in nhiu t l trong mt bn v
u ti n t o cc Dim c bn. Cc dimstyle khc s c t o da tr n dimstyle c
bn ban u, bng cch thay i

.
C n ch
khi o kch thc, khong cch t dim n i tng dim phi ph hp
vi t l in ca i tng .
Cc thit lp Page setup ging nh trong Plot (xem ph n sau).
Kt lun : Nhn chung, i vi bn v c n in n vi t l tuyt i chnh xc, cc bn v
kin tr c c n c t xn khung nhn th n n dng Paper space. C n i vi bn v bnh thng
th khng c n v tr n Paper Space
II. iu hi n in n.
Trong cc cng ty nh , sau khi hon thnh bn v, ngi ta nguy n c bn v
mang ra qun in v thng nht vi qun in cc nt in.
Trong cc cng ty ln hn, sau khi hon thnh bn v, h s quy nh ng nt in.
thng nht ng nt in, ngi ta s t o ra mt file c ui l *.ctb nm trong th m c
C:\Documents and Settings\User\Application Data\Autodesk\AutoCAD 2006\R16.2\enu\Plot
Styles, sau s lu file ny l i v copy cho tt c mi thnh vi n trong cng ty. (file ny ta
s nghi n cu k hn ph n sau)
i vi cc cng ty c quy m ln, nhiu b mn chung mt xng in. Ngi ta s in
bn v ra di d ng file c ui *.PLT. File ny c th in bt k my in no m khng c n
n ph n mm AutoCad. N tng t nh khi ta chuyn cc file v n bn sang *.PDF in n.
i vi cc lo i file ny, ta khng c n quan tm n font, ng nt. V ung nt c
t khi ra in ra file.
1. Khai bo thit b in.
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in n, vo menu file Plot hoc n t hp phm (Ctrl_P). Hp tho i Plot hin ra nh
sau :
Trong m c Page setupname l t n ca Page setup. B n c th import Page setup t

cc bn v khc. Page setup c lu cng vi file dwg. Sau khi b n khai bo xong tt c cc
thng s b n di, b n n vo Command box Add th m mt Page setup vo trong bn
v ca b n.
Chn my in trong m c Printer/plot.
Chn kch kh giy Paper size.
Chn vn in trong Plot area , s c 3 la chn nh hnh b n, ty theo
m c ch s d ng ca ngi in.
Display : vng in l ca s hin hnh ca bn v.
Extents : vng in l c bn v.
Limits : vng in l vng limits ca bn v
Window : vng in l mt ca s m b n s nh ngha sau .
iu chnh l ca giy in trong Plot offset (origin set to ptintable area)
Xem trc khi in trong m c Preview.
iu chnh t l in trong Plot Scale.
iu chnh hng in (giy nm ngang hay thng ng) trong m c Drawing orientation.
iu chnh in n trong m hnh 3D
As displayed : nh hin th tr n mn hnh.
Wireframe : theo m hnh khung dy (hin th
ng bao ca i tng)
Hiden : b qua nhng i tng, nhng ng
bao b che khut bi mt i tng khc.
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Rendered : Render tt c cc object trc khi xut bn.
Plotstyle Table : iu khin nt in. y l ph n quan trng nht.
V d chn kiu nt in : A4.INKIEM.CTB. cc file ny c lu trong th m c
C:\Documents and Settings\User\Application Data\Autodesk\AutoCAD 2006\R16.2\enu\Plot
Styles.
Di y l ngha mt s kiu in c s n :
t o mi, b n chn new. Hp tho i new hin l n nh sau :

Chn Start from scratch.
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My s t o ra file test.ctb
Bn vo n t Plot style table editor hiu chnh nt in
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Color : Chnh mu ca cc nt v. Nu b n khng

in mu th n n chuyn n thnh mu en.
2. In ra file *.PLT
Ch c n tch vo n t
ng d n ca file *.plt.
, sau bm n t lnh Plot, my s h i t n file vo
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Chng 3 : L M VIC VI D LIU

I. Tham ho ngoi
1. Gii thiu v tham ho ngoi.
Tham kho ngoi l s li n kt mt bn v bt k (c gi l bn v chnh) vi mt
hay nhiu bn v khc (gi l bant v xref External references). Nu ta ch n mt bn v vo
trong mt bn v th bn v c ch n s c nh d ng l mt Block v s c lu cng
vi bn v chnh. Nu ta chnh bn v c ch n th block s khng c cp nht l i. Nu ta
ch n mt bn v vo trong nhiu bn v khc di d ng block th vic cp nht block khi
block c vi s thay i s rt mt thi gian v ta phi thay i l i cc block trong tt c
cc file ch n.
Nhng nhc im tr n s c kh c ph c th ta dng chc n ng tham kho ngoi ca
AutoCAD. Khi bn v tham kho s c lu ri ng, khi bn v tham kho thay i th tt
c cc bn v tham kho n n s t ng thay i theo. Vic dng tham kho ngoi rt hu
ch khi lm vic vi nhng d n ln. c bit l khi ta chia s ti nguy n bn v tr n m ng.
2. Ch n mt xref vo bn v
Lnh Xattach
Lnh Xattach cho php ta ch n mt bn v vo bn v chnh di d ng tham kho
ngoi.
Command : Xattach
Hp tho i Select reference file hin l n. Ta chn file c n ch n vo bn v chnh. Sau

kich Open, hp tho i External Reference hin l n :
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Browse : Thay i bn v ch n vo.

Found in : ng d n ca bn v xref.
Path type : quy nh kiu ng d n l tuyt i hay tng
i, hay khng k m theo ng d n. Cc la chn ny quy nh Save
path. B n c c th kim tra kt qu ca tng la chn ca mnh
trong Save path.
Reference Type : kiu ch n
Attachement : cho php hin th cc xref lng nhau.
Overlay : khng cho php hin th cc xref lng nhau.
Cc la chn v Intertion Point, Scale v Rotation tng t nh lnh insert.
Lnh Xref.
Lnh xref ch n mt bn v tham kho ngoi (bn v xref) vo trong bn v chnh.
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N t Tree View cho php ta nhn cu tr c cy ca xref. Danh sch
c lit k theo bng ch ci. Cc xref lng c s p xp theo mc
lng (hnh cy).
Attach : ch n mt xref vo bn v chnh. Khi n vo n t lnh ny th hp tho i
External Reference hin l n (nh trnh by trn).
Deattach : hy b xref c chn. Bn v s nh i rt nhiu
Reload : c l i file xref. Thng s d ng khi file xref va c s thay i
Unload : G b xref c chn ra kh i bn v. Khc vi Deattach, Unload v n lu
l i ng d n ca file xref. Nu ta mun c l i file ny ch vic n vo n t
Reload.
Bind : Quy nh s rng buc ca xref vi bn v chnh. Bm vo hp tho i s hin
ln (trnh by sau)
Open : m file xref trong mt ca s mi, tng ng vi lnh Xopen. Ta c th
thay i file xref, sau quay l i bn v chnh cp nht lai (reload trong hp
tho i Xref Manager) s thay i ca bn v xref.
Thay i file bng n t Browse. Sau nhn Save path ghi l i ng d n
Khi bm vo n t Xbind ca hp tho i Xref Manager th hp tho i Bind Xrefs hin l n
nh sau (ph n ny cng tng ng vi
vic dng lnh Xbind):
Bind : cc i tng ca bn v
xref s c ni tip vo bn v
chnh
Insert : cc i tng ca bn v
tham kho s khng l thnh ph n
ca bn v chnh.
3. M mt xref t bn v chnh
Xopen
Xopen cho php ta m mt xref ra mt ca s ri ng.
Command: Xopen
Select Xref:
Chn xref m ra ca s ri ng.
External Reference Open
Chn file xref trong hp External Reference sau kich n t open.
4. Hiu chnh xref t bn v chnh.
T phi n bn AutoCAD 2002 cho php ta sa file xref ngay tr n bn v chnh sau
lu tr l i (Save back)
4.1. Lnh Refedit (Reference Edit).
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Identify reference
Reference name : Chn t n xref c n sa, s cy s th hin c cc reference lng
nhau. Lu l mi l n ta ch sa c mt xref, nu ta chn xref (VD drawing 1 nh hnh v)
cha xref lng (drawing 2) sa th ta cng ch sa c xref cha xref lng (drawing 1)
ch khng sa c xref lng (drawing 2). Do vy mun sa xref no ta chn xref sa.
Path : Hin th ng d n ca xref m ta chn.
Automaticlly select all nested objects : tt c cc objects trong file xref s c chn.
Prompt to select nested objects : kch ho t ch chn cc object trong file tham kho
m b n mun sa.
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Setting
Create unique layer, syle, and block names :
N t ny c chn th lp v k hiu c thay i (t n c tin t l $#$), tt c
cc object trong file tham kho s nm trong layer ny.
Nu n t ny khng c chn th cc t n layer, block v style s hin l n nh bnh
thng.
Display attribute definitions for editing : Nu chn th cc thuc tnh s c hin th v
ta c th sa ch ng, sau khi ta ghi l i th cc thuc tnh trong bn v gc s thay i theo, cc
thay i ch c th thin ra kha ta ch n cc thuc tnh sa ra bn v.
Lock objects not in working set : Nu chn ch ny th tt c cc object ca bn v
chnh s b kha l i, ch ng ta khng th hiu chnh c chng.
Khi tao sa mt file tham kho ngoi th cc i tng khc m ta khng chn sa s
m i. Tuy nhi n n ch m i khi bin shademode c t l 2D wireframe.
Command: shademode
Current mode: 2D wireframe
Enter option [2D wireframe/3D
wireframe/Hidden/Flat/Gouraud/fLat+edges/gOuraud+edges] <2D wireframe>: 2D
4.2. Th m, b bt cc i tng h i wor ing set (Lnh refset).
Command: refset
Transfer objects between the RefEdit working set and host drawing...
Enter an option [Add/Remove] <Add>: a (chn them hay b bt bn i tng)
Select objects: Specify opposite corner: 1 found
Select objects:
1 Added to working set
4.3. Lnh refclose
Sau khi hiu chnh xong bn c th ghi l i hay khng ghi l i cc thay i bng lnh
Refclose.
Command: refclose
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The following symbols will be added to Xref file:
Blocks: Ghe
Enter option [Save/Discard reference changes] <Save>: s
Regenerating model.
2 objects added to test
1 xref instance updated
test redefined and reloaded
Enter option :
Save : ghi l i nhng thay i trong bn v Xref.
Discard reference changes : khng ghi l i s thay i.
.
Nu b n chn ch ghi l i, xref s t ng reload l i. y l s khc bit gia lnh
Xopen v lnh Refedit.
4.4. Mt s bin h thng li n quan n xref.
Bin RefEditName : cha t n bn v tham kho ngoi ang c sa.
i n
i : iu khin bn v hin hnh c th c php sa i cc bn v tham
kho hay khng.
0
: khng th s d ng sa i file tham kho t i bn v chnh.
1
: c th s d ng sa i tham kho t i ch.
i n indType : Bin iu khin cc t n tham kho c qun l nh th no kho rng
buc hoc sa i tr n bn v chnh.
0
: theo phng php rng buc truyn thng (t n Xref|Symbol tr
thnh Xref$0$Symbol).
1
: theo phng php ging nh ch n (t n Xref|Symbol tr thnh
Symbol)
i n a c : Bin ny iu khin m nh t ca cc i tng khng nm trong ca
s chnh sa xref (Working set). Gi tr ca Xfadectl (Controls the fading intensity
percentage) thay i t 0 n 90 (tng ng vi 0% m nh t v 90% m nh t)
5. iu hi n s hi n th ca mt xref.
B n c th iu khin s hin th ca cc lp c trong xref b n c th ch nhn thy
cc lp c n thit m thi. C mt s tnh n ng cho php b n iu chnh qu trnh hin th ca
xref, iu khin khung nhn xref, lm t ng tc hin th ca cc xref qu ln.
5.1. Xref v cc thnh phn hi n ph thuc.
Cc thnh ph n ph thuc (Dependent Symbol) l cc m c c t t n trong c trong
bn v, chng h n nh lp, kiu v n bn, kiu ghi kch thc, Khi b n g n (Attach) mt
bn v th cc thnh ph n ph thuc ny s c lit k trong bn v chnh. V d trong layer
control s hin th cc lp ca xref. Cc thnh ph n ph thuc c t n theo nh d ng
Xref_Name|Symbole_Name. H thng t n ny c gi p ta phn bit cc thnh ph n ca xref
vi cc thnh ph n ca bn v chnh.
5.2. Xref v lp.
B n c th bt t t hoc lm ng cc lp ca xref. B n cng c th thay i cc thuc
tnh thng qua hp thoai Layer Properties Manager. Theo mc nh th cc thay i ny ch
c tnh t m thi. Khi b n m bn v l n sau th xref c ti vo bn v chnh v cc xc lp
l i tr l i nh ban u. Tuy nhi n b n cng c th lu gi cc xc lp ca b n bng cch thay
i bin h thng Visretain bng 1. Bin ny s c ngha khi b n ghi bn v l i, ngha l
trc b n thay i bin ny nh th no i ch ng na, trc khi ghi bn v l i AutoCAD
s kim tra gi tr ca bin ny quyt nh c ghi l i s thay i ca b n hay khng.
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5.3. Lnh Xbin.
B n cng c th s d ng lnh Xbind ch nhp cc thnh ph n c n thit t bn v
tham kho vo bn v chnh. iu ny s gi p b n c th lm vic trc tip vi mt tp hp
thng nht cc thnh ph n trong bn v hin hnh v xref.
Chn i tng c n chuyn ri n phm Add-> chuyn sang bn v hin hnh.

Tng t ta c th lo i b cc i tng chuyn bng n t <-Remove.
5.4. Tham chi u v ng.
Nu bn v a c cha bn v b nh mt tham chiu ngoi. Bn v b l i cha bn v a
nh tham chiu ngoi, nh vy ta c mt tham chiu v ng.
Tham chiu v ng c th tn t i cho ba hoc nhiu hn cc xref
cng nh kho b n c cc xref lng. AutoCAD s d tm cc
tham chiu v ng v c ti n l n khi c th. Nu b n c ti n
l n nh vy th AutoCAD s c thng bo nh hnh v b n :
Click nt Yes tip t c ti xref.
Breaking circular reference from "tn bn v xref" to
"current drawing".
Nu click n t No th bn v s khng c ti v AutoCAD s thng bo nh sau :
Warning: Circular reference from "tn bn v xref" to "current drawing".
Regenerating model.
5.5. Xn cc xref.
Lnh Xclip : iu khin s hin th ca mt Xref hay bolck. File tham kho ngoi c th
c hin th mt ph n hay ton b. S d ng lnh Xclip xc nh ng bao xn (clipping
boundary). Cc i tng nm trong ng bao xn s c hin th v nhng vng nm
ngoi s khng c hin th. Cc i tng hnh hc ca Xref s khng thay i, ta ch iu
chnh s hin th ca xref m thi.
Lnh Xclip t o mi, hiu chnh, xa cc ng bao xn.
Command: xclip
Select objects: 1 found ( chn cc xref hoc block)
Select objects: Specify opposite corner: 1 found, 2 total
Select objects:
Enter clipping option (chn cc chc nng di y)
[ON/OFF/Clipdepth/Delete/generate Polyline/New boundary] <New>:
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New boundary : d ng nh c sau s c hin l n

[Select polyline/Polygonal/Rectangular] <Rectangular>:
Select polyline : chn mt ng Polyline s n c lm ng bao, a tuyn c th
kn hoc cng c th l mt a tuyn h.
Polygonal : chn cc nh ca mt hnh a gic lm ng bao.
Rectangular : chn cc nh ca mt hnh ch nht.
ON/OFF : iu chnh s hin th ca xref.
ON : s hin l n ph n ca xref nm trong ng bao
OFF : s hin l n ton b xref.
Clipdepth : cho php chn mt phng xn (cliping plane) nm trc hoc sau xref
(chc n ng ny ca block cng c trong lnh Dview). Clipd depth ch dng cho v 3D. D ng
nh c sau s xut hin :
Delete : la chn ny dng xa ng bao hin c, khi no ta quan st ton b
xref hoc block. Lu l lnh Erase khng th xa ng bao xn.
Generate Polyline : AutoCAD s t o ra mt ng a tuyn dc theo ng bao xn.
a tuyn mi s c nhiu mu, d ng ng, chiu rng nt in v cc tr ng thi ca lp hin
hnh. Ta c th hiu chnh lai ng bao bng cch hiu chnh l i a tuyn ny sau chnh
l i ng bao xn bng la chn Seclect polyline ca lnh Xclip.
Bin Xclipframe :
Bin ny dng kim tra s hin th ca ng bao xn c t o bi lnh xclip.
Xclipframe = 1 : s hin l n ng bao xn.
Xclipframe = 1 : ng bao xn s khng c hin l n.
5.6. T ng tc hi n th ca cc xref ln.
gim bt thi gian AutoCAD ti t o l i bn v, b n c th s d ng mt s tnh n ng
sau t ng tc hin th bn v.
Tnh n ng ti bn v theo y u c u (Demand loading). Tnh n ng ny cho php
AutoCAD ch ti cc i tng c n c hin th ca xref.
Ch m c khng gian (spatial index) c t o ra khi b n lu bn v. Ch m c ny
ch c t o ra khi ta s d ng tnh n ng (demand loading). Khi lu bn v
AutoCAD s lu cng vi ch m c v cch thc ti cc xref. AutoCAD da tr n
ch m c ny quy nh nhng ph n no ca xref s c c ln hin th.
Ch m c lp (layer index) cng c t o ra trong khi ta lu bn v. AutoCAD s
s d ng ch m c ny lu l i cc layer b ng hoc b ng b ng. Tnh n ng ny
s quy nh mc xref c n c c bn v c hin th nhanh hn.
Tnh nng ny ch thc s c hiu lc khi :
Tnh n ng Demand loading phi c kch hat trong bn v hin hnh.
Xref phi c lu vi ch s khng gian hoc ch s lp.
Xref phi c xn (vi ch m c khng gian) v c lp ng b ng hoc ng (vi
ch m c lp).
Tnh n ng Demand Loading :
Kch hat tnh n ng ny bng la chn : Tools|Options|Open and Save. Trong danh sch
th xung ca Demand load xrefs chn
Enabled : Nhng ngi khc trong m ng h thng c th m bn v xref ny
nhng h khng th hiu chnh file khi b n ang tham chiu n n.
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Enabled with copy : AutoCAD s t o ra file nhp (makes a temporary copy of the
externally referenced file and demand loads the temporary file) Xref s c ti
vo bn v chnh nh mt bn copy. Khi nhng ngi khc trong m ng h
thng c th hiu chnh bn v gc ny.
Disabled : ton b bn v xref s c c, ton b layer cng s c c vo bn
v chnh.
B n c th bt chc n ng ny trc khi b n ti mt xref ch khng nht thit phi bt

ch ny trong sut thi gian lm vic.
Ch mc hng gian (spatial index)
B n lu mt ch m c cho bn
Ch mc lp.
6. Qun l xref
6.1. ng dn ca cc xref.
6.2. Xref notification
Khi mt file xref b thay i ni dung.
Cad s thng bo cho ta bit nh sau : A
reference file has changed and may need
reloading. Khi b n cp nht l i bn v th
thng bo tr n s bin mt.
6.3. AutoCAD DesignCenter.
B n cng c th s d ng AutoCAD
Design Center qun l xref.
6.4. File bi n bn (log) ca xref.
Nu b n xc lp bin h thng XrefCTL l 1 (theo mc nh bin ny l 0). AutoCAD s
ghi l i tt c cc thao tc tr n xref ca b n vo mt file m ACII. B n c th c file bi n bn
ny khc ph c cc vn tr c trc c th xy ra. Di y xin trnh by mt file bi n bn
ca xref. Theo mc nh Autocad s t file bi n bn vo cng th m c vi file xref v t n n
c d ng xrefname.xlg.
II. Lm vic vi d liu ngoi (Wor ing with External Database)
1. S lc v d liu ngoi trong AutoCAD.
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Chc n ng ny cho php ta li n kt cc i tng trong bn v vi mt d liu ngoi. Ta
c th t o cc nhn nh k m vi cc i tng. Cc nhn ny c th l cc thng tin v i
tng, cc thuc tnh i k m vi i tng c cha trong file d liu.
Ta c th lm vic vi cc lo i d liu ngoi sau :
Microsoft Access.
Vusual Dbase.
Dbase.
Microsoft Excel.
Oracle.
Paradox
Microsoft Visual FoxPro.
SQL Server.
Cc khi nim c bn.
Emvironment (mi trng) : L ci nn tt c cc thao tc trn c s d liu
chy trn n. N bao gm tt c cc c s d liu m ngi dng c th thao tc
trn n.
Catalog (mc lc) : l tp hp cc i tng c chung mt thuc tnh no .
Schema (biu ) : l mt hay nhiu cc mi quan h gia mt nhm cc i tng
c lin quan n nhau.
2. Cc chun b cho vic t ni c s d liu.
C rt nhiu cch kt ni vi c s d liu ngoi nh dng
Di y xin trnh by cch kt ni d liu ngoi qua Data Source ca Microsoft :
ODBC (Open DataBase Connectivity).
Cc bc chun b t ni c s d liu nh sau :
Bo m bn ci t tnh nng Database ca chng trnh AutoCAD.
Bo m l bn c chng trnh ODBC- Data source ca Microsoft.
nh cu hnh driver c s d liu thch hp, s dng ODBC v cc chng trnh
OLE BD.
nh cu hnh ngun d liu t trong AutoCAD.
Thc hin lnh dbCONNECT.
Thit lp truy cp ngi dng v mt kh u. Nu h thng yu cu.
Kt ni n ngun d liu.
Lm vic vi Data view c cha bng d liu ca bn.
Lin kt hng c s d liu vi i tng trong bn v CAD.
To nhn da trn d liu trong bng v nu mun.
Ci t tnh n ng Database ca chng trnh AutoCAD.
bit r b n ci tnh n ng ny hay cha, b n vo menu tools dbConnect. Nu c
ngha l b n ci t n.
Nu cha, b n ch y setup l i, ri chn n t Add, trong mn hnh k tip b n chn
DataBase.
Ci t ODBC.
bit r b n ci tnh n ng ny hay cha, b n vo menu StartSettingsControl
panelAdministrative Tools. Nu c ngha l b n ci t n.
Nu cha, b n c th download free n t a ch www.microsoft.com, trong m c
Microsoft ODBC Driver Pack.
nh cu hnh mt d liu ngu n.
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Trnh by cc cc bc t o mt b d liu ngun tr n OBDC. Gii thiu hai c s d
liu l Access v Excel.
nh cu hnh ngu n d liu t trong AutoCAD.
Trnh by cc bc t o mt kt ni trong AutoCAD tr n Slide.
Thc hin lnh dbCONNECT.
Thc hin connect trong AutoCAD, quan st cc d liu trong c s d liu.
Thit lp truy cp ngi dng v mt hu. Nu h thng y u cu
Thc hin cc truy cp user v password nu data base y u c u.
Lm vic vi Data view c cha bng d liu ca bn.
Trnh by cc tnh n ng th m bt, sa i v cp nht d li u kt ni.
Trnh by cc tnh n ng view trong dataconnect.
Li n t hng c s d liu vi i tng trong bn v CAD.
To nh n da tr n d liu trong bng v nu mun.
3. nh cu hnh d liu cho ODBC.
Nhp p chut vo Data sources (ODBC) trong Control Panel, hp thai ODBC Data
Source Aministrator hin l n. Ta c th t o mi, chnh sa cu hnh ca tng kt ni.
t o mi ta n n t Add, chnh sa ta chn c s d liu c n chnh sa, n n t
configure.
n n t add, ca s Create New Data source hin l n :
Chn driver m b n mun kt ni, V d nh Driver do Microsoft Acces (*.mdb)

chng h n, sau n Finish. hp tho i ODBC Microsoft Access Setup hin l n :
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Data Source Name : nh t n ca c s d liu b n mun t o.

Description : m t c s d liu ny.
Database : Thao tc vi c s d liu ca b n.
Select : chn c s d liu c.
Create : to mi mt c s d liu.
Repair : sa mt c s d liu c sn.
Compact : nn mt c s d liu.
Option : cha cc ty chn v kt ni.
Advandce :
Default Authorization : cha cc thng tin v user v password c quyn truy

cp vo c s d liu.
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Options : bao gm cc thuc tnh ca c s d liu. B n c th xem v chnh sa
l i ch ng.
4. nh cu hnh d liu trong AutoCAD.
Vo Tools Dbconnect (lnh dbconnect, hoc n ctrl_F6) bt ca s DBCONNECT
MANAGER. Theo mc nh ca AutoCAD trong m c Data Sources s c sn data
Jet_dbsamples.
th m mt c s d liu vo trong AutoCAD ta nhn phi chut vo Data Sources
chn Configure Data Source. Ca s Configure a Data Source hin l n.
Trong Data Source Name ta in t n ca c s d liu kt ni. Nhn OK ca s Data

Link Properties hin l n.
Provider : Chn kiu kt ni trung gian. y ta chn ODBC drivers. Sau n Next.
Connection : Chn kt ni c sn m ta t o trong m c nh cu hnh d liu cho
ODBC
Use data source of data : Chn tn kt ni ODBC thit lp bc trc.
Enter information to log on to server : in y user
name v password truy nhp vo server nu c.
Sau test connection. Nu connect thnh cng bn s c
thng bo Test connection succeeded nh hnh di
y.
Advanced : Chn cc ty chn kt ni nh thi goan kt ni, cc ty chn v v quyn
truy cp d liu.
All : Hin th v chnh sa ton b thuc tnh ca
kt ni c s d liu.
Sau n OK, c s d liu kt ni s hin l n
trong m c Data Sources ca DBCONNECT
MANAGER.
5. Chnh s a d liu trong AutoCAD
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Lu hnh ni b
B n c th chnh sa d liu ca c s d liu ngay trong AutoCAD (ng nhi n l

nu trnh kt ni d liu cho php). B n bt ca s DataView l n bng cch nhp p chut
tri vo bng d liu c n xem.
T bng ny b n c th chnh sa, th m bt cc bn ghi, cc trng ca mi bn ghi..
Nhng lu l khi b n chnh sa, d liu chnh sa s khng c cp nht ngay lp tc. B n
mun cp nht d liu chnh sa, b n nhn phi chut vo hnh mi t n b n gc tr n tri nh
hnh v.
Commit : cp nht li d liu
Restore : Phc hi li d liu gc (khng ghi li s chnh sa)
Cc thao tc nh d ng d liu cng ging ht nh trong Excel.
Cc chc n ng nh d ng nh find, replace, format c th tham kho trong menu
Data View.
6. To cc mu t ni.
Ta c th t o ra cc kt ni t cc i tng trong bn v n cc trng ca c s d
liu. Thng thng cc kt ni ny dng thng k s lng cc i tng trong bn v li n
kt vi mt trng no , v t ta bit c cc thng tin v i tng . c c
mt kt ni trc ti n ta phi t o ra c m u kt ni. Sau y trnh by cc bc t o ra
c mt m u kt ni.
B n c th li n kt cc i tng trong bn v vi nhiu bn ghi (record) trong c s d
liu nu mun v b n c th li n kt mt bn ghi vi nhiu i tng trong bn v. V d b n
c n gian ph ng, mi gian ph ng c t mt n 2 in tho i, v b n c mt bng cc s in
tho i. B n c th gn mi mt ci in tho i (trong bn v) vi mt trng ca d liu s in
tho i va bn. Nu mt ph ng c 2 in tho i nhng chung mt dy th b n c th gn c hai
cho mt s
M u li n kt link template gi p AutoCAD nhn bit c trng no trong c s d
liu s c ly ra li n kt vi cc i tng trong bn v.
Cc bc t o mt m u li n kt nh sau :
Chn t menu DBConnectTemplateNew
Link Template (nu c mt bng c m
sn, bn c th chn nt lnh new Link
Template trong ca s Dbconnect).
Nu bn cha m mt bng d liu no,
AutoCAD s m hp thoi Select Data
Object. Chn mt bng v click nt
Continue.
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Lu hnh ni b
Trong hp vn bn New Template Name ca hp thoi New Link Template, bn

nh tn ca mu lin kt vo. Nu bn c mt mu lin kt trc , bn mun s
dng n lm c s cho mt mu mi, bn chn n t trong danh sch th xung
Start With Template. Click
Continue.
Trong hp thoi Link Template,

chn hp kim ca mt trng
kha (key Field). Nu trng
kha ca bn chn c cc hng
trng nhau bt k, bn s phi
chn thm mt trng kha th
hai.
Click OK. AutoCAD to cho bn mt mu lin kt. Bn c th quan st thy
mu lin kt ca bn trong ca s DBconnect bn di bn v hin hnh.
Lu : khi chn trng kha, b n n n chn trng kha khng c bt k mt hng no
trng nhau. Nu c hng trng nhau, AutoCAD s ly gi tr ca hng no n tm thy trc,
c n tt c cc hng sau n s b qua. Nh vy vic chn trng kha l rt quan trong. Nu
chn trng kha khng duy nht, b n s c th b st d liu.
Sa l i m u li n kt : chn menu DBConnectTemplatesEdit link Template. Trong
hp tho i Select a Database Object, chn mt m u li n kt m b n mun sa. Cc bc c n
l i nh t o mt m u li n kt.
Xa m u li n kt : DBConnectTemplatesDelete link Template. Sau trong hp
tho i Select a Database Object, chn mt m u li n kt m b n mun xa.
7. To, hiu chnh v xa cc t ni.
Cc bc t o mt kt ni nh sau :
M ca s Data View c mt mu lin kt c nh ngha v chn mt mu
lin kt to trong danh sch th xung Select a Link Template pha trn ca
ca s.
Chn mt hoc nhiu bn ghi m bn mun lin kt vi bn v.
Chn menu Data ViewLink and Label SettingCreate Links.
Chn menu Data ViewLink!
Chn mt hoc nhiu i tng m bn mun kin kt vi bn ghi va chn trong
c s d liu.
Kt thc chn i tng AutoCAD s a ra thng k trn dng lnh command v
d nh : 1 record(s) linked with 1 object (s). By gi bn c mt lin kt gia
d liu v bn v.
Cc bc hiu chnh mt kt ni nh sau :
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Chn t menu DbconnectLinksLink Manager m Link Manager. Sau
bn chn mt i tng m bn mun hiu chnh. (hoc bn c th chn i tng
t trong bn v, ri bm phi chut, chn LinkLink Manager).
Trong ct Value, nhp gi tr mi m bn mun hiu chnh.
Cc bc xa mt kt ni nh sau :
Chn t menu DbconnectLinksLink
Manager m Link Manager. Sau bn
chn mt i tng m bn mun xa lin
kt. (hoc bn c th chn i tng t trong
bn v, ri bm phi chut, chn LinkLink
Manager).
Sau bn chn cc i bn ghi m bn
mun xa, n nt delete.
Ngoi ra b n cng c th xut thng tin kt ni,
t o thnh mt dnh sch cc bn ghi li n kt vi i
tng c n xut.
Chn dbConnectLinksExport Links.
Select objects : chn i tng m bn mun
xut thng tin lin kt.
Trong mc Include Fields bn chn cc
trng bn mun xut.
Trong danh sch save as type (AutoCAD cho
b n 3 kiu file nh trong ph n xut thng tin thuc tnh ca khi ni trong m c
trc)
t t n file ri n n t save.
8. Quan st cc t ni.
B n cng c th quan st l i cc kt ni t o. C 2 kiu quan st kt ni :
Quan st cc i tng kt ni (View Linked Objects).
Quan st cc bn ghi kt ni (View Linked Records).
AutoCAD t ng chn cc i tng li n kt khi b n chn mt hng, b n chn
Data ViewAutoview Linked Objects.
AutoCAD t ng chn cc hng li n kt khi b n chn i tng tr n bn v, b n
chn Data ViewAutoview Linked Objects.
Cc ty bin trong hin th cc li n kt (Data View Option):
AutoPan v Autozoom hin th cc i tng c chn mt cch t ng. Ta
cng c th hiu chnh t l zoom factor (tnh theo n v %). T l ny mc nh l
50% c ngha l vng cha cc i tng = 50% vng ta quan st trong bn v.
Record Indication Record (show all records hoc select indicated records) hiu
chnh ch hin th cc bn ghi lin kt hay hin tt c cc bn ghi ca bng v cc
bn ghi lin kt s c nh du theo mu c chn mc Mark Indicated
Records.
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Lu hnh ni b
9. To mu nh n.
Ta cng c th t o cc thng tin nh k m vi cc i tng trong bn v. Cc thng
tin ny s bn dnh ly i tng trong bn v (hoc khng bm dnh ly i tng trong bn
v ty theo tnh n ng m ta chn). Nu l g n dnh th khi ta dch chuyn i tng li n kt
th cc thng tin ny cng di chuyn theo. Ngi ta gi cc thng tin ny l cc nhn (Label).
t o c cc nhn (label), u ti n ta phi t o c cc m u nhn (Label Template).
Sau y trnh by cc bc t o c mt m u nhn.
Chn t menu dbConnect-->Templates-->New Label Template.
Hp thoi Select a Database Object, chn mu lin kt s dng lm mu nhn.
Click continue.
Hp thoi New Label Template. Nhp tn mu nhn trong hp vn bn New Label
Template Name. Nu bn c sn mt mu nhn, bn mun s dng n lm c s
cho mu nhn mi, chn t danh sch th xung Start with Template. Click
contine.
Cad s m hp thoi Label Template nh hp thoi Multiline Text Editor. Bn c

th nh dng vn bn nh trong Multiline Text Editor.
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Trn Tab Label Fields, chn mt
trng m bn mun xut hin
trn nhn t danh sch th xung
Field List, sau kch nt Add.
Nu mun add thm trng vo
nhn bn lp li cc bc trn.
Trn Tab Label Offset, chn kiu
canh l trong hp start. Nhp
di X v Y trong hp Leader offset quy nh khong cch gia im u ca
mi tn nh dng v im chn ca vn bn (mu khong cch ny qu b gn
mi tn th mi tn s b bin mt). Nhp di X v Y trong hp Tip offset quy
nh khong cch t im u ca mi tn n im chn ca cui mi tn trn i
tng gn dnh.
Hiu chnh mt m u nhn :

Chn t menu dbConnectTemplateEdit Label Template.
Chn mu nhn m bn mun hiu chnh trong hp thoi Select a Database
Object.
Xa mt m u nhn :
Chn t menu dbConnectTemplateDelete Label Template.
Chn mu nhn m bn mun xa trong hp thoi Select a Database Object.
10. To nh n.
Phn lo i nhn :
Nhn t do (attached Label): l nhn khng i km vi mt i tng no ca
AutoCAD.
Nhn gn dnh (Freestanding Label): l nhn nh km vi mt i tng no .
Khi ta dch chuyn i tng lin kt, nhn gn dnh cng di chuyn theo.
Cc bc t o mt nhn nh k m :
M ca s Data View c mt mu lin kt v mt mhn lin kt c nh ngha
v chn mt mu nhn to trong danh sch th xung Select a Label Template
pha trn ca ca s.
Chn mt hoc nhiu bn ghi m bn mun lm nhn gn vi cc i tng trong
bn v.
Chn menu Data ViewLink and Label SettingCreate Attached Label.
Chn mt hoc nhiu i tng m bn mun gn nhn ca bn vo.
Cc bc t o mt nhn t do :
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M ca s Data View c mt mu lin kt v mt mhn lin kt c nh ngha
v chn mt mu nhn to trong danh sch th xung Select a Label Template
pha trn ca ca s.
Chn mt hoc nhiu bn ghi m bn mun lm nhn gn vi cc i tng trong
bn v.
Chn menu Data ViewLink and Label SettingCreate Freestanding Label.
Chn mt hoc nhiu i tng m bn mun gn nhn ca bn vo.
Mun xa nhn ta chn nhn c n xa t bn v, nhn n t delete tr n bn phm.
11. S dng query truy tm d liu
B n c th truy tm d liu bng cc s d ng ngn ng SQL. SQL l ngn ng c s
d ng h u ht trong tt c cc c s d liu tinh chnh v ly cc thng tin t c s d liu.
B n c th s d ng query lm nhng vic sau :
Xem mt tp con ca mt c s d liu.
Ly d liu t cc bng khc nhau ca c s d liu.
To mt tp chn t hp thoi Link Select.
M hp tho i Query Editor, b n thc hin qua cc bc sau :
Menu dbConnectQueriesNew Query on a link Template.
Chn mu nhn bn mun s dng trong hp thoi Select a DataBase Object.
Click continue.
nh tn Query bn mun to trong hp New Query Name (bn c th chn mt
query c sn nu c lm c s trong danh sch th xung Existing query names).
AutoCAD cho php ta s d ng mt s m hnh SQL sau :
11.1.
S dng Quick Query
Gii thch :
Look up values : nu bn khng nh r gi tr ca trng bn c th nhn vo nt
ny xem trc cc gi tr ca trng.
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Lu hnh ni b

Indicate records in data view : nu c chn th tt c cc bn ghi c chn khi
thi hnh query s c hin th trn data view.
Indicate Objects in drawing : nu c chn th tt c cc objects lin kt vi cc
bn ghi c chn khi thi hnh cng s c chn theo trn bn v.
Store : lu li query.
Execute : thi hnh query.
11.2.
S dng Range Query
Dng truy tm d liu c gi tr t From n gi tr Through.

a. S dng Range Query
Nhm ngoc n gi p b n nhm cc nhm iu kin l i thnh mt nhm (nh cc php

ton logic thng thng).
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Fields in table : cc trng c trong bng c chn.
Show fields : cc trng s c hin th sau khi thc hin truy vn.
Sort by : trng s c ch nh s p xp.
11.3.
S dng Range Query
B n c th s d ng ngn ng SQL vit cc truy vn theo mnh. N t check s gi p

b n kim tra c php ca mnh
11.4.
S dng Lin Select
Link select cho php tao t o ra mt tp chn s d ng query.
Cc bc t o mt tp chn Link Select :
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Lu hnh ni b
III.
Ban u, ta chn trong menu xung Do la chn select.

To ra mt tp chn u tin ri nhn Execute.
Sau ta li chn trong menu xung Do cc php ton logic.
To ra cc tp chn th hai bng cch nhn Execute.
Lm vic vi Raster Image
1. Tng quan
B n c th ch n cc nh scan (scanned Images) v nh k thut s (digital photographs)
vo bn v. V bn cht, cc nh ch n ny l tp hp cc im nh (Pixels), c n cc i tng
(Object) trong AutoCAD l cc vector. Do vy cc nh ch n s c kch thc ln v nng hn
cc i tng ca CAD. CAD cho php b n c th zoom, pan cng nh in n bn v cha
Images.
2. Ch n nh (inserting images
ch n nh, ta chn insertRaster image chn file v ng d n ti n.
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3. Qun l hnh nh (Managing images)

Chn InsertImage Manager m hp tho i Image Manager
Attach inserts an image, opening the Image dialog box

Detach erases the image from your drawing and deletes all reference to it in
the drawing database.
Reload redisplays an image after you have unloaded it.
Unload removes the display of the image but retains the reference to it. Later, you
can reload the image to redisplay it.
Details provides you with a preview, as well as information about the image, its
path, and its size.
4. Ct xn nh (Clipping images)
M c ch : i khi ta khng c n hin th tt c hnh nh, ta ch c n hin th mt ph n
cu hnh nh. Vic xn bt hnh nh s lm cho bn v nh hn, t ng tc zoom v pan cho
bn v.
Cch lm : ModifyClipImage
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5. iu khi n s hi n th (Controlling image display)
5.1. iu khi n hi n th
Chn ModifyObjectImage (hoc lnh IMAGEADJUST)
5.2. Cht lng nh (Image quality)

Chn ModifyObjectImageQuality (hoc lnh IMAGEQUALITY)
Lnh ny c tc d ng cho tt c cc nh c trn bn v, chn High_Quality s lm cho
bn v chm hn. Vi la chn ny CAD s chuyn ch in sang high quality
5.3. Image transparency
Chuyn ch qun l nh t pixel sang ch nh nn. Modify Object Image
Transparency. Mc nh l OFF, bt ch ny, b n chuyn sang ON.
5.4. Bt tt ng bao ca nh (Image frame)
Khi b n t t ch ng bao ca nh, b n s khng th chn c nh na. bt t t
ch ny b n chn : ModifyObjectImageFrame
IV. Pasting, Linking, and Embedding Objects
Ph n ny chng ta s nghin cu s chia s d liu d AutoCAD v cc ng d ng khc.
B n c th chn d liu (Text or Image) t cc ng d ng ngoi bng cc phng php
sau :
Embed : i tng c chn vo bn v s c kh n ng tr v chng trnh
ngun khi b n mun Edit chng. Ngha l khi b n double-click vo i tng ,
chng trnh ngun s c m ra v b n c th chnh sa chng.
Paste : i tng (objects) s c chn vo bn v, s d ng khi b n khng mun
lin kt vi chng trnh ngun. Thng c s d ng khi b n ch mun hin th
chng m khng c n chnh sa, hoc nhng i tng c th c chnh sa
bng AutoCAD
Link : i tng (objects) c chn vo bn v di d ng ng link. CAD
khng lu object m ch lu ng d n ti file cha Object . Khi file ngun b
thay i th s thay i s c update vo trong AutoCAD file.
Tt c cc la chn Pasting, Linking, and Embedding Objects u nm trong m c
Option ca Paste special. Link v Embedding ging nh OLE (Object Linking and
Embedding)
1. Embedding objects into AutoCAD
Cch 1
TAutoCAD, chn inertOLE Object m insert Object dialog box (hoc c th
bng lnh INSERTOBJ). (The entries listed in this dialog box depend on the
applications you have installed on your computer.)
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T o file mi, chn Create New ng d ng s c m ra b n t o d liu mi
sau khi kt thc choose FileUpdate t ng d ng . Sau ng ng d ng l i
quay l i vi AutoCAD.
B n c th chn an existing file, chn Create From File. Click Browse tm file
c n chn. Click Open. Chn Link link the data (described in the next section of
this chapter). Chn OK. AutoCAD t file top-left corner
Cch 2
Chn ng d ng ngun, Chn copy
Chuyn sang CAD, chn EditPates special chn embedding.
Cch 3
B n ng d ng ngun v Autocad
nh du ph n d liu mun chn vo trong CAD, gi Ctrl_drag vo trong CAD.
OLE objects c mt s nhc i m sau :
Nu chng cha tham kho ngoi hoc block th chng s khng c hin th v
khng c in ra.
Trong mt s trng hp, OLE objects c th b in ra bng my in h thng m
khng qua iu khin in ca AutoCAD.
OLE objects khng b xoay cng vi b n v khi b n s d ng Plot rotation. Tuy
nhin b n c th xoay OLE objects bng cch iu chnh Lanscape setting trong
my in h thng (the windows system printer)
2. Linking data
Cch lm :
Chn ng d ng ngun, Chn copy
Chuyn sang CAD, chn EditPates special chn link
Lu :
Khi b n m file CAD c cha ng link, CAD s cho b n la chn Update file
link c trong bn v.
Tuy nhin bn cng c th iu khin Update trong lc ang m bn v bng cch
vo insertOle links.
Trong qu trnh lm vic, ai thay i ng d n file link ca b n, b n c th

break link v change source.
3. Pasting data into AutoCAD
M ng d ngcopy
M CADEditpate special List hin ra ph thuc vo ng d ng ngun.
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Chng 4 : TY BIN TRONG AUTOCAD

I. Cc i tng shape. (1 tit)
1. Khi nim v Shape.
Shape l mt object (i tng) c s d ng nh l mt block. Shape cha cc i
tng nh ng thng, cung tr n c nh ngha trong file .SHP, l file d ng v n bn
ASSCII. s d ng c trong bn v cc file ny phi c bi n dch thnh cc file .SHX
bng lnh Complie trong AutoCAD. Sau , s d ng lnh Load ti file .SHX vo bn v,
dng lnh Shape ch n cc shape vo bn v (nh l s d ng lnh insert khi chn block).
Ta cng c th nh r t l, gc quay cho mi l n ch n shape vo bn v. Ngoi ra, shape cn
c d d ng t o cc font ch, t o cc d ng ng phc t p.
Block linh ho t hn v d s d ng hn shape. Tuy nhi n cc shape l i hiu qu hn
trong vic lu tr v v. N c ti nhanh hn so vi block v rt c ch khi bn v qu ln
v khi tc l quan trng.
B n cng c th ti file Shape vo trong AutoCAD bng lnh load, hoc g b n kh i
AutoCAD bng lnh Purge.
Figure 1: Load shape file
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Figure 2 : Purge shape files

Chn file shape c n g b sau n Purge.
ng dng ca Shape :
Dng tp cc font ch.
Dng tao ra cc dng ng phc tp.
Ngoi ra Shape cn c s dng nh Block.
Cch to ra cc Shape : ch ng ta nh ngha cc Shape trong file .SHP. Sau y trnh
by cch m t mt Shape.
2. Cch m t shape trong file .SHP.
Cc shape trong AutoCAD c m t c th trong file .SHP v cc file c bi n dch
l .SHX. Ta c th s d ng text editor hoc word processor t o mi hoc sa cc shape
trong shape file c v lu l i thnh file c ph n m rng l .SHP di d ng in ASCII format.
Mi file trong shape c m t bng nhiu d ng, mi d ng cha ti a 128 k t,
nhng d ng di hn s khng c bi n dch. Cc d ng ch thch b t u bng du chm
phy. AutoCAD s t ng b i cc d ng tr ng v chui k t b n phi du chm phy.
C php m t mt shape trong file shape nh sau :
*shapenumber,defbytes,shapename
specbyte1,specbyte2,specbyte3,...,0
* : du sao quy nh b t u m t mt Shape mi.
Shapenumber : s nh danh ca shape
Defbytes : S lng cc byte m t ca shape
Shapename : T n ca shape
D ng tip theo l cc bye m t (specbyte) shape, mi byte ng n cch nhau mt
du phy. V kt th c bng s 0.
Shapenumber
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L s nguy n c gi tr t 1 n 255 (i khi ti 32768 i vi cc shape file dng
t o font unicode), s nguy n ny phi l duy nht, s nh danh ca 2 shape bt k trong cng
mt file khng c trng nhau.
Defbytes
S lng cc byte m t shape (S lng cc specbyte) bao gm c s 0 sau cng. Mt
shape c ti a 2000 byte m t.
Shapename
T n ca shape b t buc phi l ch hoa. T n cha k t thng s b b qua v thng
c s d ng lm nhn cho font shape.
Specbyte
Byte m t. Bye ny c biu din di d ng s thp phn hoc s thp l c. Nu s
u ti n l s 0 th hai ch s tip theo s l gi tr thp l c. C hai lo i byte m t.
M vector (Vector Length and Direction Code)
M c bit (Special Codes)
Nghi n cu c th tng lo i Specbyte :
2.1. Vector Length and Direction Code (m vector).
Mt byte m t (Specbyte) n gin cha cc di cc vector v hng ca ch ng
c s ha trong mt bye. Mi m vector l mt chui bao
gm 3 k t.
K t u ti n phi l s 0, do 2 k t tip theo
biu din s thp l c phn.
K t th hai biu din chiu di vector. Gi tr t 1
(n v chiu di) n F (15 n v chiu di).
K t th ba biu din hng ca vector. Gi tr t 1
(n v chiu di) n F (15 n v chiu di). Hnh sau y
minh ha hng c s ha.
Ch : Cc vector ny u c di l 1 n v.
V d sau xy dng mt shape c t n l DBOX vi s
nh danh l 230.
*230,6,DBOX
014,010,01C,018,012,0
Dng trnh so n tho NotePad t o mt file v n bn c ni dung nh tr n, sau ghi l i
vi t n l dbox.shp. S d ng lnh Compile trong AutoCAD bi n dch thnh file dbox.shx.
S d ng lnh Load ti file dbox.shx vo trong AutoCAD. Sau s d ng lnh shape nh
sau :
Command: shape
Enter shape name or [?]: dbox
Specify insertion point: 1,1
Specify height <current>: 2
Specify rotation angle <current>: 0
Kt qu l ta v c hnh sau :
Trnh t v c mi u t tr n hnh v. im b t u v c
ta (1,1). Trnh t v : 014,010,01C,018,012. S 0 sau cng
kt th c chui m t.
2.2. Special Codes (m c bit)
Cc m c bit dng t o cc hnh d ng c bit. Mi m t c bit l mt chui 3
k t :
K t u ti n phi l s khng.
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K t th hai phi l s khng.
K t ba xc nh chc n ng (mi u t trong bng lit k ). Gi tr thp l c phn nhp vo
t 1 n F (15).
Ch : cc m v n c th vit di d ng thp l c phn hoc thp phn. VD 008 hay 8
u c ngha nh nhau. Di y trnh by m thp l c phn :
M thp l c
ngha
phn
000
001
002
003
004
005
006
007
008
00A
00B
00C
00D
00E
Kt th c chui m t shape
Chuyn qua cc ch v
T t ch v, chuyn qua ch di chuyn b t v
Theo sau m 003 l mt byte c gi tr t 1..255 xc nh t l
v mi. Chiu di ca cc vector theo sau m 003 s c chia cho t
l ny t o ra chiu di thc tr n mn hnh AutoCAD
Theo sau m 004 l mt byte c gi tr t 1..255 xc nh t l
v mi. Chiu di ca cc vector theo sau m 004 s c nhn cho t
l ny t o ra chiu di thc tr n mn hnh AutoCAD
Lu tr v tr hin t i vo trong ng n xp
Ly v tr v c lu trc ra kh i ng n xp
M t subshape, S lng cc subshape s c m t trong
byte k tip sau m ny
V vector vi chiu di v hng bt k. Hai byte theo sau m
ny quy nh di x v y.
V li n tip cc cung 45O. Hai byte theo sau n xc nh bn
knh, s lng v chiu di ca cc cung ny.
V cung tr n bt k. N m byte theo sau m 00B s mi u t cung
tr n c v.
V cung tr n da vo h s cong.
V li n tip cc cung tr n da vo h s cong.
S d ng khi m t font ch. (s ni k trong ph n sau)
Sau y ta xt chi tit vic s d ng cc m c bit.

M 000 : Kt th c chui m t.
Sau m 000 nh du kt th c chui m t ca mt shape. Ch
sau s 0 phi n enter.
M 001 v 002 : Bt t t ch v.
001 : bt ch v (defaut in shape description). Cc m m tk tip m 001 s c
v tr n mn hnh.
002 : T t ch v. Cc m m t sau m 002 s khng c v l n mn hnh. Nhng
con tr v (b t v) v n di chuyn theo cc m m t sau n.
V d : nh do n m sau vo file example.shp ri dch thnh file .shx c ni dung nh
sau :
*232,12,DBOX21
044,040,04C,048,002,012,001,024,020,02C,028,0
Chng trnh s thc hin nh sau :
4 byte u 044,040,04C,048 s v mt hnh vung di c nh l 4 n v.
3 byte tip theo 002,012,001 : s t t ch v, chuyn sang ch di chuyn. Di
chuyn mt o n 012 sau l i bt ch v.
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4 byte k tip 024,020,02C,028 v hnh vung c nh l 2 n v.
M 003 v 004 : Thay i t l v.
Theo sau hai m ny l mt s nguy n t 1-255, quy nh t l v.
Nu l m 003 th t l v s c chia cho s ng sau n.
Nu l m 004 th t l v s c nhn vi s ng sau n.
V d : 004,10 : Cc nt v tip sau n s c di bng di m m t nhn vi 10.
V d : Ta cng v hnh DBOX2 tr n nhng s d ng m thay i t l:
Ta gi hnh ny l DBOX22, o n m m t DBOX22 nh sau.
*233,12,DBOX22
(* V hnh v tip t c o n m y ch th hin Ly l i t l *)
M
v
: Lu v ph c hi v tr ca con tr trong stack.
M 005 y ta con tr v vo stack (ng n xp) v m 006 ly ta ra kh i stack
v gn n cho ta con tr hin hnh (ni cch khc l ph c hi v tr con tr lu trong
stack).
Ng n xp ti a ch lu tr c 4 v tr. Nu lu tr qu kh n ng ca n AutoCAD s
thng trn stack : Position stack overflow in shape nnn
Nu stack ang rng, ta c tnh dng 006 ly ta ra kh i stack. Khi v shape ny
AutoCAD s thng bo Position stack underflow in shape nnn.
V d : Ta v hnh DBOX2 nhng c s d ng code 005 v 006 nh sau :
( V hnh m t )
M
: M t subshape
M 007 ch yu dng t o font ch. Ta s nghi n cu m ny trong ph n t o font ch.
v
: dch chuyn theo phng X v Y
Thng thng m vector ch cho php ta v c trong 16 hng nh sn vi di ti
a l 15 n v. Ta dng m ny v nhanh chng cc shape n
gin, nhng khng th dng t o cc shape phc t p. Vi m
008,009 b n c th v vector c di v hng khng gii h n,
bng cch s d ng dch chuyn X,Y ( dch chuyn tng i so
vi im m con tr v ang ng).
Theo sau m 008 l 2 byte quy nh di X,Y vi d ng sau :
008,X-displacement,Y-displacement
di X-displacement,Y-displacement c gi tr trong khong
-128 n +127. Du (+) l khng b t buc. Ch ng ta cng c th s
d ng du ngoc n cho d c v d kim sot :
008,(X-displacement,Y-displacement)
V d : (-10,3) m t vector hng v tri 10 n v v hng l n
tr n 3 n v.
Khc vi m 008 ch v mt vector, m 009 v li n tip cc vector.
Theo sau m 009 l cc cp byte quy nh di (X,Y) v du hiu
nhn bit kt th c m 009 l cp byte (0,0).
V d : 009,(3,1),(3,2),(2,-3),(0,0) v li n tip ba vector c di tng (3,1),(3,2),(2,3).
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M
A : v cung tr n 45 .
Theo sau m 00A l 2 byte nh ngha mt cung tr n 45o (bng 1/8 ng tr n). Cc
cung c nh th t t 0 n 7 tnh theo v tr u ca cung.
M m t cung tr n nh sau :
10,radius,()0SC
Bn knh (radius) c gi tr t 1 n 255.
Byte th 2 (-)0SC m t :
Du (-) quy nh hng v ca cung tr n (v ngc
chiu kim ng h nu l dng, theo chiu kim ng h
nu l m).
0 : Lun lun l 0, quy nh cc k t sau n l h thp
l c phn.
C : S lng cc cung tr n 45o. C gi tr t 0 n 7. Nu
l 0 th AutoCAD s v c v ng tr n (8 cung 45o) bn
knh radius.
M
B : v cung tr n bt k.
M 00B cho php v mt cung tr n bt k, khng nht thit phi b t u bng cc v tr
nh trc nh m 00A.
00B,start_offset,end_offset,high_radius,radius,(-)0SC
Start_offset: Biu din di ca cung tr n so vi im b t u v c quy nh trc
trong m 00A (c nh s t 0-7). Gi tr ca start_offset c tnh bng cch ly gi tr
ca gc hp bi im b t u v cung theo 00B v im b t u v cung theo 00A nhn vi
256 v chia cho 45. hay
start_offset
= s o gc * 256/45.
End_offset : Biu din di ca im cui cung tr n so vi im 1/8 ng tr n
tng ng. Gi tr ca end_offset cng c tnh tng t nh start_offset
Radius : bn knh ca cung tr n (t 1 n 255 n v ).
High-radius : C gi t 0 n 255. S d ng khi mun v cung tr n c bn knh ln hn
255 n v. Cch tnh nh sau : Bn knh = High-radius*256+Radius.
(-)OSC : M t nh 00A. Dng xc nh cc gi tr start_offset v end_offset
M
C v
D : V ch phnh ra hoc cc cung tr n c bit.
Vi cc m 00C v 00D ta c th v c cc cung tr n c hnh d ng bt k bng cch

s d ng h s cong ca cung tr n. M 00C v mt cung tr n, m 00D v nhiu cung tr n
li n tip nhau.
Theo sau m 00C l 3 byte m t cung tr n nh sau :
00C,X-displacement,Y-displacement,Bulge
X-displacement,Y-displacement : di ca im cui ca cung tr n (Ta tng i
ca im cui so vi im u) c gi tr t -127 n +127.
Bulge : H s xc nh cong ca cung tr n. C gi tr t
-127 n 127. Cch tnh nh sau : Bulge=(2*H/D)*127.
D : Chiu di dy cung.
H : Chiu cao ca cung
Du (-) v theo chiu kim ng h. Du (+) hoc
khng c du th v ngc chiu kim ng h.
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Nu m 00C ch v mt cung tr n th m 00D v li n tip cc cung tr n. Theo sau m
00D l cc cp byte m t cung tr n c v v kt th c 00D bng mt cp byte (0,0).
V d :
00D,(0,5,127),(0,5,0),(0,5,-127),(0,0)
(0,5,0) m t mt ng thng c di bng 5 n v.
M
E : M t font ch theo phng thng ng.

Ta s nghi n cu m ny trong ph n sau.
II. To font ch
Hin nay AutoCAD cho php ta s d ng 3 lo i font ch. Font ch h thng (system
font), phong ch s d ng shape (shape font) v big font.
Font h thng :
Cu t o : Gm cc vector bi n, v gia c t bng thut ton fill
u im : system font p hn cc font khc.
Nhc im : Do system font c nhng vng t n n nng hn cc font khc. Tc
ti sinh (render, pan, zoom) s rt chm.
Shape font :
Cu t o bi cc shape trong c m t trong file .SHP.
u im : V cc k t trong font u l cc shape n n c ti nhanh hn, tc
render c ci thin ng k nht l i vi cc bn v ln.
Nhc im : Khng p l m.
Big font
Cu t o :bi cc shape. Tuy nhi n n c th l ph n ni di ca cc shape font ni tr n.
Shape font c cha ti a 255 k t c n big font c th cha n 65535 k t.
1. To font ch SHX.
Font ch SHX c t o ra v s d ng trong AutoCAD. Mi k t ca font l mt shape
c m t trong file shape. Trong shape number chnh l m ascii ca k t (t 0 n
255).
phn bit vi cc shape file khc, cc font ch phi c d ng m t u ti n nh sau :
*0,4,font-name
above,below,modes,0
Font-name : Tn font ch
Above : Khong cch gia ng top v ng Baseline
Below : Khong cch gia ng Bottom v ng Baseline.
Modes
0 : Ch vit theo phng nm ngang.
1 : Ch vit theo phng thng ng.
2 : Ch vit c theo c hai phng nm ngang v thng ng.
(v hnh minh ha vo y)
T o mt v d minh ha font ch bao gm ch ABC. C th ly mt file font shape bt
k ri minh ha.
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Lu hnh ni b
2. To big font.
Trong thc t, font ch ca mt vi ngn ng (ting Nht) cha hng nghn k t khng
phi l m ACII. bn v cha cnhiu font nh vt AutoCAD cung cp mt dang file
gi la big font file.
Big font file cng c mi u t trong file .SHP v c dch thnh file .SHX. D ng u
ti n ca big font c d ng nh sau :
*BIGFONT nchars,nranges,b1,e1,b2,e2,.
nchars : s lng g n ng cc k t trong Big font ny. Nu sai s ln hn 10% th tc
truy xut s rt chm.
nrangs : s lng cc mim gi tr cha cc gi tr s d ng lm m escape codes.
b1, e1, b2, e2,
b1, e1 l gi tr b t u v kt th c ca min gi tr th nht
b1, e1 l gi tr b t u v kt th c ca min gi tr th hai
V d .
3. To big font t file m rng.
Trong cc file kiu ch tng hnh chu , c nhiu khi c s d ng l i nhiu l n nh
cc du trong ting vit (du s, huyn,). Cc khi ny c m t trong cc Subshape, c
th dng l i t o cc shape khc nhau.
D ng u ti n ca cc big font file m rng tng t nh big font file bnh thng :
*BIGFONT nchars,nranges,b1,e1,b2,e2,.
D ng th hai s gi p nhn bit l big font m rng :
*0,5,font-name
character-height,0,modes,character-width,0
Font name : T n ca big font
Character-height, character-width : Chiu cao v chiu rng hnh ch nht c s m
t k t.
Modes
0 : Ch vit theo phng nm ngang.
1 : Ch vit theo phng thng ng.
2 : Ch vit c theo c hai phng nm ngang v thng ng.
Ch
: m 00E (14) ch c tc d ng khi gi tr modes bng 2.
Cc d ng tip tho m t cc shape v dng m 007 ch n cc subshape. Cc subshape

cng phi c m t nh c shape thng thng khc.
*Shapenumber,defbytes,shapename
specbyte,,007,0,primitive#,basepoint-x,basepoint-y,width,height,spectbyte,,0
Shapenumber : s nguy n 2 byte, d ng thp l c phn, v do , phi c th m s 0
pha trc.
Defbytes : s lng cc bye m t (specbyte) c n thit m t shape (k c s 0 sau
cng). Gi tr shapenumber ca subshape (theo sau m 007) c tnh l 2 byte.
Shapename : T n k t
Specbyte : byte m t
007,0 : 2 byte b t u o n ch n subshape
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Primitive# : gi tr shapenumber ca shape.
basepoint-x,basepoint-y : thnh ph n ta x,y ca im ch n subshape.
Width, height : chiu rng, chiu cao ca subshape. Trc khi c ch n, kch thc
subshape s c thu nh bng 1 vung n v, sau n c phng to tng ng vi gi
tr Width, height.
Spectbyte : cc byte m t ca subshape.
III.
To cc dng ng (file linetype)
1. Khi nim v phn loi dng ng.

AutoCAD cung cp rt nhiu d ng ng c sn. Cc d ng ng ny c th l nt t,
nt lin, hay cc ng tm, Cc d ng ng ny c cung cp trong file .LIN. Ta cng
c th t t o ra cc file ny v lu l i di nh d ng Text v c ui l .LIN.
AutoCAD cung cp cc d ng ng c sn trong file CAD.LIN, ACADISO.LIN .
Cc d ng ng n gin c cu t o t cc im(dot), o n thng(dash) v khong
trng c v i v l i nhiu l n.
V d :
Nt g ch di 0.5 n v bn v
Khong trng 0.25 n v bn v
Nt g ch di 0.5 n v bn v
Mt im nh (nt g ch di 0 n v bn v)
Ta phn d ng ng lm hai lo i : d ng ng n gin v d ng ng phc t p.
D ng ng n gin l cc d ng ng ch bao gm cc o n thng, khong
trng v u ch m.
D ng ng phc t p l cc d ng ng khng ch cha cc o n thng, khong
trng, du chm m c n cha cc i tng khc nh phng ch hay cc i tng
Shape.
2. To cc dng ng n gin.
C hai cch to dng ng n gin
Dng creat trong lnh -linetype
T o file m t d ng m ACII c ph n m rng .LIN.
2.1. Dng creat trong lnh -linetype.
Command: -LINETYPE
Current line type: "ByLayer"
Enter an option [?/Create/Load/Set]: C
Enter name of linetype to create: name
Wait, checking if linetype already defined...
(Hp tho i Creat and Append linetype file
hin l n b n di).
Descriptive text: Duong tam
Enter linetype pattern (on next line):
A,0.5,0.5,-0.25,0,-0.25
78
Create
Duong co ten la name
Chn t n file s t o mi hoc m
file .LIN c sn ghi ng l i
ng ny
T n ng s hin trong hp
linetype manager
Nhp vo cc byte m t d ng
Lu hnh ni b
Quy c m t d ng ng trong linetype.

D ng ng c b t u bng ch A. Ch A ny quy nh kt th c i tng
bng g ch lin.
Gi tr dng quy nh chiu di nt g ch lin.
Gi tr m quy nh di khong trng.
S 0 quy nh o n thng c di bng 0 hay nt chm (dot).
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Nh vy d ng ng c m t trong file sample1.lin tr n c d ng sau :
Ch : M A (alignment) quy nh cch v cc d ng ng t i cc im cui ca cc
i tng v. M Alignment l t ng a vo trong nh ngha file .LIN.
D ng bnh thng.
D ng thu ng n l i.
Di ko di ra.
D ng qu ng n (bin i tng thnh nt lin).
2.2. To linetype b ng cch son tho trc tip trong .LIN
Mi d ng ng trong file .LIN c m t trong hai dng :
*linetype_name,description
A,descriptor1,descriptor2, ...
Du * t trc t n d ng ng l b t buc.
Linetypename : T n ca ng, s hin l n trong linetype manager.
Description : Chui m t c th c hoc khng c v di khng qu 47 k t.
A : quy nh kt th c i tng v bng nt g ch lin.
Descriptor 1,2,.. : Byte m t d ng ng (nh trnh by tr n).
IV. Dng ng phc cha i tng shape

Cch m t cc nt g ch khong trng v du chm tng t nh trong file m t d ng
ng n gin. C php m t mt d ng ng ging nh d ng ng n gin. i vi
d ng ng c cha i tng shape th ta ch vic th m vo o n m t d ng ng mt c
php m t shape nh sau :
[shapename,shxfilename] or [shapename,shxfilename,transform]
Shape name : T n ca i tng v shape. Nu t n ca i tng khng c trong file
shape, AutoCAD s xem nh khng c ph n m t v i tng shape trong d ng ng.
Shxfilename : T n ca file .shx cha i tng shape c n ch n vo d ng ng. C n
phi ch r tn, ng d n, nu khng AutoCAD s tm trong th m c mc nh cha cc file
.SHX : \Documents and Settings\[user name]\Application Data\Autodesk\AutoCAD
2005\R16.0\enu\Support.
Transform : L m c ty chn, gm cc thng s tng ng vi php bin hnh khi chn
i tng shape v d ng ng. Gi tr ca transform c m t trong bng di y, mi
thng s c cch nhau bi du phy.
Gi tr ca cc thng s Transform.
Gi tr
R=## Relative
rotation
A=## Absolute
rotation
S=## Scale
X=## X offset
Y=## Y offset
ngha
Gc quay tng i ca shape so vi ng
thng c v.
Gc quay tuyt i so vi tr c OX ca h ta
WCS.
H s t l (ca shape c ch n vi shape
c m t trong shape file).
di theo phng ng thng (X n v)
di theo phng vung gc vi ng
thng. (Y n v). (X,Y c th l s m)
V d :
Dng lnh load ti file ltypeshx.shx vo bn v, sau nh lnh Shape
ch n shape c t n l bat v bn v. Hnh ca bat hin l n nh sau :
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Lu hnh ni b

M file LT_Sample.LIN ra v nh them 3 linetype sau :
*BAT1LINE, --- [BAT1] --- [BAT1] --- [BAT1]
A,38.1,-38.1,[BAT,ltypeshp.shx,S=5],-12.7
*BAT2LINE, --- [BAT2] --- [BAT2] --- [BAT2]
A,38.1,-38.1,[BAT,ltypeshp.shx,S=5,R=0,X=-20.0],-12.7
*BAT3LiNE, --- [BAT3] --- [BAT3] --- [BAT3]
A,38.1,-38.1,[BAT,C:\sample\ltypeshp.shx,S=5,y=-6.0,r=90,X=-6],-12.7
Hnh d ng cc linetype tr n hin theo th t nh sau :
Ch : t n linetype khng nht thit phi vit hoa. Th t cc transform khng nht
thit phi c nh.
1. Dng ng phc c cha i tng ch.
C php m t i tng ch trong d ng ng phc t p nh sau : (* ch trong
AutoCAD 2005, c php t o d ng ng c cha cc k t c khc so vi cc phi n bn
trc, n y u c u nght ngh o hn cc phi n bn trc).
["text",textstylename,scale,rotation,xoffset,yoffset]
Text : chui k t c ch n vo.
Style : T n kiu ch m AutoCAD s ly nh d ng cho text.
Scale,rotation,xoffset,yoffset : Tng t nh tr n cc thng s ca transform.
V d :
*HOT_WATER_SUPPLY1,---- HW ---- HW ---- HW ---- HW ---- HW ---A,.5,-.2,["HW",STANDARD,S=.1,R=0.0,X=-0.1,Y=-.05],-.2
Kt qu ta c d ng ng nh sau :
Ch
: Nu s=0 th text s ly theo font v c c ch (height) bng 1.
V. To cc mu mt ct.
1. File mu mt ct.
M u mt c t c AutoCAD mi u t trong file c ph n m rng .PAT. Ta c th s
d ng cc mt c t c sn c m t trong cc file ACAD.PAT v ACADISO.PAT hoc t t o
cc m u ri ng lu l i trong file .PAT di nh d ng ACII file. Ch , khc vi d ng ng,
mi file d ng mt c t ch cha c mt d ng mt c t v t n file phi trng vi t n mt c t.
Mc nh *.pat c lu trong th m c \Documents and Settings\[user
name]\Application Data\Autodesk\AutoCAD 2005\R16.0\enu\Support.
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Sau khi t o xong cc d ng mt c t trong cc file ri ng l. B n c th copy o n m t
mt c t trong cc file ny vo cc file Acad.Pat hoc AcadIso.Pat, b xung ch ng vo m c
Patern trong lnh BHatch.
Cng ging nh d ng ng, ta chia d ng mt c t thnh hai lo i : Mt c t n gin v
d ng mt c t phc t p.
M u mt c t n gin l m u ch cha mt d ng ng thng.
M u mt c t phc t p l m u gm nhiu h ng thng hp thnh.
2. To mu mt ct n gin.
Mt m u mt c t trong file .PAT c m t bng nhiu d ng lin nhau. C php m t
nh sau :
*pattern-name[, description]
angle, x-origin,y-origin, delta-x,delta-y [, dash1, dash2, ...]
Pattern name : T n mt c t s m t, khng c cha khong tr ng.
Description : Ph n m t (Khng b t buc) v khng c vt qu 80 k t
Angle : Gc ca ng c t.
x-origin : Honh x ca im chun dng v m u mt c t. Thng thng ta s
d ng im gc c ta (0,0)
y-origin : Tung ca im chun dng lm gc ta .
delta-x : di ca ng c t theo phng phng ng thng.
delta-y : di ca ng c t theo phng vung gc vi phng ng thng.
dash1, dash2, ... : Ch s d ng khi cc ng c t l d ng ng khng li n t c. Cc
gi tr ny m t d ng ng (bao gm nt g ch v khong trng).
V d
T o file c t n L123.PAT ni dung nh sau
*L123, proposed future trailers
0, 0,0, 0,0.5
T o file c t n L124.PAT ni dung nh sau

90, 0,0, 0,1
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Lu hnh ni b

0,1,0,1,2,-3,1
3. To cc mu mt ct phc tp.
M u mt c t phc t p c t o t nhiu h ng khc nhau (line family). Cc h
ng ny c m t tr n mt d ng vo t p thnh mt mt c t phc t p.
V d :
o n m t sau t o ra mt mt c t nh hnh v
*lightning, interwoven lightning
90, 0,0, 0,.5, .5,.25

0, .25,.5, 0,.75, .25,.25
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Lu hnh ni b

90, .25,.5, 0,.5, .5,.25
V o n m sau m t mt mt c t phc t p t o bi 3 h ng tr n :
90, 0,0, 0,.5, .5,.25
0, .25,.5, 0,.75, .25,.25
90, .25,.5, 0,.5, .5,.25
VI. Menu.
1. Menu v file menu.
1.1. Cc loi menu
C tng cng c 10 lo i menu
Cc menu (pulldown menu): l menu nh file, edit,
Cc menu ng cnh (shortcut menu): l menu hin ln khi ta n phi chut ti v
tr trn bn v.
Cc thanh cng c (toolbar). Ci ny th ai cng bit ri.
Cc menu hnh nh (Image menu) : l menu hin ln nh khi ta vo mc
DrawSurfaces3d surfaces.
Cc menu mn hnh (Screen menu) : menu ny c hin ln khi ta vo Tools
optionDisplayWindow elementDisplay screen menu.
Cc menu thit b chut (Auxiliary menu) : menu ny l cc thit b chut nh ta
bm ctrl+chut tri, ctrl+chut phi.
Cc thit b khc ca h thng nhp (Button menu): y l menu phc v cho cc
thit b khc ca h thng nhp nh bt in t.
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Cc bng nhp s ha (tablet) : menu dnh ring cho cc bng s ha ca cad.
Ci ny ti cng mi nhn thy ln u ti trin lm tin hc thng 11 va ri ( cn
gi l tablet digital).
Cc chui ch thch status (helpstring): Ci ny th ai cng bit ri. Khi ta
chuyn con tr ln cc menu , s xut hin cc dng ch thch thanh trng thi
(status).
Cc phm nng (shortcu key). V d ctrl+oOpen, v.v
1.2. Cc loi file menu
Ch ng ta c cc lo i file menu sau :
*.mnu
*.mns
*.mnc
*.mnr
*.mnl
File menu m u, y l file m ACII m b n c th hiu chnh trc

tip tr n n.
y l file menu ngun c pht sinh bi AutoCAD da tr n file
*.mnu. Cu tr c file ny n gin hn mnu mt ch t nhng v c
bn l ging. B n cng c th hiu chnh trc tip tr n file ny. Khi
b n thay i cc phm t t, hoc thay i cc toolbar, ngay trong
CAD th CAD s ghi l i s thay i tr n file ny. Ch khng ghi
vo file *.mnu. CAD s khng can thip vo File *.mnu v n coi
file ny l file ca ngi dng t o ra.
L file bi n dch m nh phn ca AutoCAD. AutoCAD s bi n dch
file mns tr n thnh file file mnc my c th ti v s l nhanh
hn.
File nh phn cha cc nh bitmap c s d ng cho menu nh.
File acci cha cc chng trnh Autolisp i k m vi menu. N s t
ng c ti l n nu c cng t n vi file *.mnc
Cc file tr n t o thnh h cc file menu (family menu files).

Khi mt file menu c ti, n s c ng k l n registry v l n sau khi khi ng
AutoCAD n s ti l i file menu ny.
Quy trnh ti mt menu nh sau :
85
Lu hnh ni b

Quy c
Bt u
+ : Tm thy
-- : Khng tm thy
Tm *.mns
--
Tm *.mnc
--
To ra file
*.mnc v *.mnr
da trn file *mns
Tm *.mnc
--
Tm *.mnu
Bin dch *.mnu

thnh *.mns v *.mnc
to ra file *mnr
Ti *.mnc
--
Bo li
Kt thc
1.3. Ti, g b mt menu

Lnh Menuload dng ti mt menu vo AutoCAD. Ta cng c th iu chnh s
hin th ca cc menu tr n hp tho i Customization Menu.
Lnh Menu cho php ta ti mt menu vo AutoCAD, khc vi mnh Menuload trc
khi trc khi ti menu th n g b tt c cc menu hin hnh trong AutoCAD.
Ch khi ti file *.mnu, cc thay i ca toolbar s bin mt. V CAD s dch file
*.mnu thnh file *.mns v khi file *.mns ca b n s bin mt, ng ngha vi iu l
cc thay i trong toolbar ,shortcut key ca b n cng bin mt theo.
V cc menu th ta phn bit hai lo i menu l menu chnh v menu tng ph n.
Menu chnh l cc menu c ti u ti n bng lnh menuload. Hay cc menu c ti
bng lnh menu trong d ng lnh command ca CAD.
Menu chnh khc menu tng ph n ch : Menu chnh c ti ton b vo CAD. C n
cc menu tng ph n cc ph n v AUX menu v Buttom menu s khng c ti.
2. Ty bin mt menu
2.1. Cu trc mt file menu
Thng thng mt file menu gm 9 ph n.
Mi file menu s m t mt nhm menu v d ng u ti n s quy nh t n ca nhm
. C php m t nh sau :
***Menugroup=namegroup.
86
Lu hnh ni b

Phn 2 : cha cc button menu v cc auxiliary menu. Cc menu ny dng iu
khin cc thit b chut v cc thit b h thng khc nu c.
Phn 3 : cc menu pop, l cc menu
Phn 4 : cc menu toolbar, l cc dng m t cc thanh cng c
Phn 5 : cha cc dng m t menu Image
Phn 6 : m t cc menu mn hnh (screen menu)
Phn 7 : m t cc bng s ha (tablet)
Phn 8 : cc dng m t cc shortcut key
Phn 9 : cc dng quy nh cc dng tr gip (tatus string).
Cc ghi ch c b t u bng du //
Mi ph n gm mt hoc nhiu section (hoc cng c th khng c). Mi section l mt
nhm cc menu c chc n ng tng t nhau (thng thng l th). Mi section gm c 3
ph n.
Phn 1 : tn ca section. Tn ca section c bt u bng ba du sao.
T n ca section
***Butonsn
***AUXn
***Popn
***Toolbars
***Image
***Screen
***Tabletn
***HelpStrings
***Accelerators
Thnh phn menu tng ng

Menu ca cc thit b tr khc.
Menu thit b chut
Cc popup menu hoc cc menu ng cnh (shortcut menu)
Cc thanh cng c
Cc menu hnh nh
Menu mn hnh
Cc bng s ha
Cc chui tr gi p tr n thanh tr ng thi
Cc phm nng
Phn 2 : Tn ca menu, Tn ca menu bt u bng 2 du sao v yu cu phi l

duy nht. Tn ny dng lin kt cc mc ca cc menu khc, cc thanh cng c,
cc dng tr gip v cc menu hnh nh. Tn ca menu khng c c nhiu hn
12 k t v khng c cha khong trng. Nu khng chng s b b qua.
Phn 3 : nhn v tn ca nhm menu. C php m t n nh sau :
ID_NameLabel [dong mo ta se hien len tren man hinh]
Phn 3 : cc menu thnh phn. C php m t mt menu item nh sau :
ID_NameLabel [name]menu_macro
Trong : name l tn s xut hin ln mn hnh ca menu item.
Menu_macro l nhng macro c thi hnh khi menu ny c chn.
Quan st mt v d trong file acad.mnu nh sau
***POP1
**FILE
ID_MnFile [&File]
ID_New
[&New...\tCtrl+N]^C^C_new
ID_NewSheet
[Ne&w Sheet Set...]^c^c_newsheetset
ID_Open
[&Open...\tCtrl+O]^C^C_open
ID_OpenSheet
[Op&en Sheet Set...]^c^c_opensheetset
ID_DWG_CLOSE [&Close]^C^C_close
87
Section name
Nenu name
Menu ID v d ng m t ca
menu s xut hin tr n mn
hnh (nh file,edit,draw,)
Cc d ng tip theo m t
cc m c chn (hay c n gi l
cc menu thnh ph n menu
item)
Lu hnh ni b

2.2. Menu Macro
y l ph n quan trong nht trong menu v tt c lo i menu u c cha n.
Menu macro l mt chui cc k t cha t n lnh s c gi khi MenuItem c chn.
Th t ca cc tham s trong menu macro ging nh th t xut hin cc tham s ny t i
d ng nh c lnh command ca AutoCAD.
Cc quy c dng trong menu macro.
K t
Space bar, du ;
Space bar
du \
Du +
Du *
^C
^P
^M
^B
Ê
^G
^H
Ô
^T
^Z
//
M t
Du enter trong AutoCAD
L khong trng khi ang nhp text
T m dng user nhp s liu, c th l nhp mt im bng
kich chut hoc nhp mt gi tr
Dng khi d ng m t qu di, Mun m t tip d ng k tip ta
t du + cui d ng
t u macro, sau ^C^C, s lp i lp l i lnh n khi ta n
ESC hoc chn Menu Item khc
Hy tt c cc lnh ang ho t ng (Escapse)
T t tt c cc hin th ca macro tr n mn hnh. (Bin h thng
MenuEcho thnh on,off).
K t ENTER (Ctrl+M)
Chuyn i (t t/m) cc ch hin th ta con tr (Ctrl+B)
Chuyn v tr si tc con tr tr n mn hnh v mt trong 3 v tr
trong mt phng tr c o (Ctrl+E)
Chuyn i ch hin th li (Ctrl+G)
Tng t nh phm BackSpace., dng xa k t trc noa ca
d ng lnh command.
Chuyn i ch V vung gc (Ortho).
Chuyn i chc n ng nhp t bng nhp tablet (Ctrl+T)
K t rng, t ng th m khong tr ng vo cui Menu Item.
Quy c b t u ca chui ch thch.
V d 1 :
ID_ArcStCeAn [S&tart, Center, Angle]^C^C_arc \_c \_a
Phn tch v d :
S&tart, Center, Angle : Hin th tr n menu : Start, Center, Angle
^C^C : Hy tt c cc lnh trc n.
_arc : B t u v mt cung tr n, c cho php chuyn i gia cc version c ngn ng
khc nhau.
khong trng tng ng vi phm enter.
\ : t m dng ngi dng nhp vo ta mt im tr n mn hnh.
_c : Chn option center, cho php chuyn i gia cc version c ngn ng khc nhau.
\ : t m dng ngi dng nhp vo ta mt im tr n mn hnh.
_a : Chn mt option angle, c cho php chuyn i gia cc version c ngn ng khc
nhau.
V d 2
ID_MoveRight [Move .1 Right]^C^Cselect \move previous ;.1,0 ;
Phn tch v d :
^C^C : Thot mi lnh ang s d ng.
Select : B t u select command.
Du cch th hin enter, kt th c lnh select.
88
Lu hnh ni b

Sau s dch chuyn cc object chn sang Phi 0.1 n v bn v
V d 3
o n macro sau y s chuyn ng polyline c chn thnh ng polyline c b
rng 0.1 n v.
^C^Cpedit \w .1 ;
V d 4
B n c th s d ng macro sau t ng v 4 ng tr n vi bn knh v tm c
nh sn, v d ng qu di ta phi vit lm 2 d ng n n ta th m du cng cui.
^C^Ccircle 2,2 1.5 circle 6,2 1.5 circle 10,2 1.5 circle +
14,2 1.5
2.3. Pull-down Menu
2.3.1. Section ca Pull-down menu
Puldown menu c khai bo t section Pop1 n pop499. mi section c th c mt
hoc nhiu menu (thng thng l cha 1). Trong mi menu c th c ti a 999 m c
menu item. AutoCAD s b qua nhng menu item vt qu gii h n tr n. Nu mn hnh
khng ch cha ht cc menu item th AutoCAD s t ng c t bt i va vi kch
thc mn hnh v hai hnh mi t n l n xung s c xut hin.
Pulldown chia lm hai lo i.
Loi th nht c section t pop1 n pop 16. Cc menu ny s c t ng ti
vo v tr ca n trn mn hnh. Nu section ny m c nhiu hn mt menu th ch
menu u tin mi c ti vo mn hnh.
Loi th hai c section t Pop17 n pop 4 . Cc menu ny s khng t ng
c ti vo mn hnh. Tuy nhin ta vn c th ti n vo mn hnh bng lnh
menuload hoc bng chc nng menu swapping.
2.3.2. Ti u ca pull-down menu
i vi cc pull-down menu, ti u ca m c chn u ti n s c s d ng lm ti u
xut hin tr n thanh menu. C n cc d ng m t tip theo s l nhn, ti u v macro ca cc
menu thnh ph n.
Cch t o ti u cho cc menu v menu thnh ph n l nh nhau; cc ti u phi
c t trong du ngoc vung.
Cc quy c tao ti u ca menu.
K
ngha
-D ng phn cch tr n thanh menu
->
B t u mt menu cha (submenu)
<Kt th c menu cha (kt th c submenu)
<-<Khai bo cui cng ca submenu v menu
$( )
Cho php s d ng chui DIESEL trong ti u m c menuItem.
~
Lm m m c chn v khng cho php chn m c ny
!.
Lm xut hin d u chn () trc menu.
&
Lm xut hin du g ch chn cho k t ng sau n (khai bo phm t t)
\t
Canh l phi cho k t trong ti u ca m c chn.
\c
Khai bo phm nng.
Phn tch v d sau :
**FILE
ID_MnFile
[&File]
ID_New
[&New...\tCtrl+N]^C^C_new
ID_Open
[&Open...\tCtrl+O]^C^C_open
89
Lu hnh ni b

ID_DWG_CLOSE
[&Close]^C^C_close
[--]
ID_Save
[&Save\tCtrl+S]^C^C_qsave
ID_Saveas
[Save &As...\tCtrl+Shift+S]^C^C_saveas
ID_Export
[&Export...]^C^C_export
[--]
ID_Inan
[->Print]
ID_Preview
[/vPlot Preview]^C^C_preview
ID_PlotSetup [Pa&ge Setup Manager...]^C^C_pagesetup
ID_PlotMgr
[Plotter &Manager...]^C^C_plottermanager
ID_Print
[<-&Plot...\tCtrl+P]^C^C_plot
[--]
ID_MRU
[Drawing History]
[--]
ID_APP_EXIT
[E&xit\tCtrl+Q]^C^C_quit
Phn tch v d sau :
[Pop&3]
ID_ortho
[$(if,$(getvar,orthomode),!.)Ortho]Ô
ID_Snap
[$(if,$(getvar,snapmode),!.)Snap]^B
ID_grid
[$(if,$(getvar,gridmode),!.)Gride]^G
ID_cmdactive [$(if,$(getvar,cmdactive),~)line]Line
2.3.3. Tham chiu n pulldown menu
Ta c th lm m hay nh du chn cho cc menu Item, hoc ta cng c th ly cc
thng s tr ng thi ca tng menu Item bng cch s d ng tham chiu thng qua cc hm
AutoLisp.
C hai lo i tham chiu :
Tham chiu tng i
Tham chiu tuyt i.
Tham chiu tng i.
Tham chiu tng i l tham chiu s d ng t n nhn ca menu item.
Hm menucmd ca AutoLisp cho php ta tham chiu n cc m c ca pulldown menu.
C php :
gn tr ng thi cho menu
(menucmd Gyyy.zzz=xxx)
ly thng s tr ng thi ca menu
(menucmd Gyyy.zzz=?) hm tr v gi tr xxx
Trong
yyy t n ca nhm menu
zzz nhn m c chn
xxx - tr ng thi ca menu : ~ (lm m), !. (c nh u chn) (tr ng
thi bnh thng.
Tham chiu tuyt i
Tham chiu tuyt i l tham chiu d tr n vic m s lng cc menu tr n mn hnh.
Hm menucmd ca AutoLisp cho php ta tham chiu n cc m c ca pulldown menu.
C php :
gn tr ng thi cho menu
(menucmd Pn.i=xxx)
ly thng s trang thi ca menu
90
Lu hnh ni b

(menucmd Pn.i=#?) hm tr v gi tr xxx
Trong
n s th t ca menu tnh t tri sang phi tr n mn hnh.
i s th t ca menu item c n tham chiu n (tnh c submenu v du ng n
cch gia cc ph n trong menu )
xxx Gi trih ca xxx bng Pn.i=&tr ng thi ca menu : ~ (lm m), !.
(c nh u chn) (tr ng thi bnh thng.
V d :
ID_Swap1
[Swaping1]^C^C^P(if (= (menucmd "P1.1=#?") "P1.1=~") (menucmd
"P1.1=") (menucmd "p1.1=~") )
ID_Swap2
[Swaping2]^C^C^P(if (= (menucmd "GACAD.ID_new=?") "~")
(menucmd "GACAD.ID_new=") (menucmd "GACAD.ID_new=~") )
2.3.4. Ch n v loi b Pull-down menu trn menubar
Ngoi l nh MenuLoad, cc pull-down menu ca nhm ny c th c a vo thanh
menubng c php sau y :
(Menucmd Gyyy.zzz=+uuu.vvv)
Trong :
Gyyyzzz - s xc nh v tr ca pull-down menu uuu.vvv s ch n vo.
yyy T n nhm menu ca pull-down menu xc nh v tr.
zzz B danh (hay t n m c chn) ca pull-down menu xc nh v tr cho
uuu.vvv chn vo .
uuu T n nhm menu ca pull-down menu mun ch n.
uvv T n b danh ca pull-down menu c n ch n
Ta cng c th lo i b mt Pull-down menu kh i thanh menu bng lnh sau :
(Menucmd Gyyy.zzz=-)
Trong :
yyy T n nhm menu ca pull-down menu mun xa.
zzz B danh ca pull-down menu mun xa.
V d :
***pop3
**Test3
[Pop&3]
ID_ortho
[$(if,$(getvar,orthomode),!.)Ortho]Ô
ID_Snap
[$(if,$(getvar,snapmode),!.)Snap]^B
ID_grid
[$(if,$(getvar,gridmode),!.)Gride]^G
ID_cmdactive [$(if,$(getvar,cmdactive),~)line]Line
ID_huybo
[Xoa menu]^c^C(menucmd "Gcustom.pop3=-")
ID_chenpop4 [Chen pop4]^C^C(menucmd "Gcustom.pop3=+Custom.Pop4")
***pop4
**Test4
[Pop&4]
ID_monew1
[mo new]^C^C^P(menucmd "Gcustom.ID_New=~");^P
ID_hiennew1 [hien new]^C^C^P(menucmd "Gcustom.ID_New=");^P
ID_TTnew1
[ben menucmd]^C^C^P(alert (menucmd "Gcustom.ID_New=?"));^P
[--]
ID_monew2
[mo new]^C^C^P(menucmd "P5.1=~");^P
ID_hiennew2 [hien new]^C^C^P(menucmd "P5.1=");^P
ID_TTnew2
[ben menucmd]^C^C^P(alert "Cmdmenu"&(menucmd "P5.1=#?"));^P
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Lu hnh ni b

2.4. Shortcut menu.
Shortcut menu v c bn ging Pull-down menu. Ch khc nhau khai bo section
Shortcut menu c khai bo t section Pop500 n pop999 V Pop0. Trong mi menu
c th c ti a 499 m c menu item. AutoCAD s b qua nhng menu item vt qu gii
h n tr n. Nu mn hnh khng ch cha ht cc menu item th AutoCAD s t ng c t
bt i va vi kch thc mn hnh v hai hnh mi t n l n xung s c xut hin.
Menu Pop0 ca AutoCAD l menu Snap, hin cc phng thc truy b t im.
Cc menu Pop500 n Pop999 l cc menu ng cnh (context menu)
2.5. Buttons menu v auxiliary menu.
2.5.1. Section ca Buttons menu v auxiliary menu
Cc n t ca thit b con chut c khi bo bi cc auxiliary menu v c m t trong
file menu t section ***AUXn (t ***AUX1 n ***AUX4)
Cc thit b tr khc nh b t in t c khi bo bi cc Buttons menu v c m t
trong file menu t section ***Buttonsn.
Lu l cc buttons menu v cc auxiliary menu ch c hiu lc trong file menu base
(menu chnh) ch khng c tc d ng nu ta khai bo trong cc partial menu (menu thnh
ph n).
V m t ca buttons menu v auxiliary ging nhau n n y ta ch xt cc AUX menu,
c n cc buttons menu tng t.
Cc menu t section AUX1 n AUX4 c ngha nh sau :
Section
T hp phm v chut
AUX1
Nhn mt trong cc n t chut
AUX2
Phm Shift + mt n t chut
AUX3
Phm Ctrl + mt n t chut
AUX4
Phm Ctrl+Shift+mt n t chut
2.5.2. To cc AUX menu.
Mi d ng trong section ny l mt m c chn. Cu tr c ca section cng tng t nh
cc section khc. Tuy nhi n ph n t n v ti u l khng b t buc, ta c th b qua ch ng
hoc ta s d ng ch ng lm ch thch.
Xem xt v d sau :
***AUX1
// Simple button
// if a grip is hot bring up the Grips Cursor Menu (POP 500), else send a carriage return
// If the SHORTCUTMENU sysvar is not 0 the first item (for button 1, the "right
button")
// is NOT USED.
$M=$(if,$(eq,$(substr,$(getvar,cmdnames),1,5),GRIP_),$P0=ACAD.GRIPS $P0=*);
$P0=SNAP $p0=*
^C^C
^B
Ô
^G
^D
Ê
^T
M c th nht tng ng vi n t chut th 2 nu bin h thng shortcutmenu=0. C n
nu bin ny khc khng th n t ny s c li n kt vi cc shortcut menu mc nh ca h
thng AutoCAD.
92
Lu hnh ni b

M c th 2 tng ng vi n t s 3 ca h thng chut nu bin h thng
Mbuttonpan=0. C n bin ny khc khng th n t ny s c li n kt vi n t pan mc nh
ca AutoCAD (mc nh ca bin ny l 1).
M c chn th 3 tng ng vi n t lnh th 4 ca chut.
Ni chung chut c bao nhi u n t th ta c by nhi u d ng lnh.
Ta lu l ch c Pop0 th mi c kh n ng hin t i v tr con chut tr n mn hnh.
V d sau s dng ti u lm ch thch :
***AUX1
[nut so 2];
n t th hai l lnh enter.
[nut so 3](alert "nut thu 2 duoc an") n t th ba a ra thng bo.
[nut thu 4]^C^C n t th 4 n t escape.
Tng t nh th b n c th hiu chnh cc menu AUX2, AUX3, AUX4 ca mnh sao
cho hp vi cc
2.5.3. Menu swaping.
Menu swaping dng trao i ni dung gia cc menu. V d khi ta ang thc hin
lnh zoo, bn phi chut chuyn sang shortcut menu khc. Hay khi vo Draw
Surfaces 3D surface... AutoCAD chuyn sang menu image b n chn cc hnh c n v vi
slide i k m.
C php tro i nh sau :
$Section=MenuGroup.MenuName $Section=MenuGroup.*
Nu 2 menu ta mun trao i nm c ng trong mt group ta c th b qua MenuGroup.
Ngha l c php ca ta s nh sau ;
$Section=MenuName $Section=*
V d sau c trch trong file Acad.mnu :
ID_3dsurface [&3D Surfaces...]$I=ACAD.image_3dobjects $I=ACAD.*
y menu item 3d surfaces trong menu draw ca AutoCAD. Khi ta chn m c ny th
AutoCAD s chuyn sang menu image c t n l image_3dobjects
V d sau c trch trong file Acad.mnu :
***AUX2
// Shift + button
$P0=SNAP $p0=*
Khi ta bn shift + chut phi s chuyn sang section Pop0, menu Snap nm trong
Section Pop0.
2.6. Image Tile menus
Menu hnh nh l lo i menu c bit trong AutoCAD, cha danh sch cc m c chn v
cc hnh slide tng ng vi cc m c chn . Khi chn vo cc m c chn
2.6.1. Section ca Image menu
Cc menu hnh nh nm trong section Image. V c khai bo l ***Image. Section v
d mt section menu hnh nh nh sau :
***image
Khai bo t n section
**image_poly T n ca menu (menu name)
[Set Spline Fit Variables]
Ti u ca menu hnh nh.
[acad(pm-quad,Quadric Fit Mesh)]'_surftype 5
Cc d ng m t cc m c chn
[acad(pm-cubic,Cubic Fit Mesh)]'_surftype 6 ca menu hnh nh
[acad(pm-bezr,Bezier Fit Mesh)]'_surftype 8
[acad(pl-quad,Quadric Fit Pline)]'_splinetype 5
93
Lu hnh ni b

[acad(pl-cubic,Cubic Fit Pline)]'_splinetype 6
2.6.2. M t mc chn ca menu hnh nh
Mi m c chn ca menu hnh nh c m t gm 2 ph n : ti u v menu macro
(khng c ph n nhn ID nh cc pull-down menu).
Ph n ti u c cc cch m t sau :
[sldname]
nh ca slide sldname s c hin l n khung b n phi ca hp menu, ti u l
sldname s c hin l n danh sch b n tri ca hp menu.
[sldname,labeltext]
Ti u l LabelText s c hin l n danh sch b n tri ca hp menu. nh ca
slide sldname s c hin l n khung b n phi ca hp menu.
[sldlib(sldname)]
Ti u l sldname s c hin l n danh sch b n tri ca hp menu. nh ca slide
sldname nm trong th vin slide c t n l sldlib s c hin l n khung b n phi ca
hp menu.
[sldlib(sldname,labeltext)]
Ti u l labeltext s c hin l n danh sch b n tri ca hp menu. nh ca slide
sldname nm trong th vin slide c t n l sldlib s c hin l n khung b n phi ca
hp menu.
[blank]
Khi b n mun ch n mt Icon tr ng tr n danh sch cc slide b n phi hp menu. Mt
d ng phn cch s c hin l n tr n danh sch pha b n tri hp menu.
[ labeltext]
Khi k t u ti n ca m c m t l khong tr ng, m c mo t s c hin l n trong
danh sch nhng khng c mt Icon no c hin l n b n phi hp menu c. B n
thng dng n trong trng hp b n mun t o mt n t exit thot ra kh i menu hnh
nh, th m c chn ny thng khng c Icon i k m.
2.6.3. Gi hi n th cc menu hnh nh
Ngoi vic gi hin th cc menu hnh nh bng chc n ng swap menu (nh trnh
by m c 2.5.3), ta c n c th s d ng cc d ng lnh AutoLisp gi ch ng. C php nh
sau :
(MenuCmd I=yyy.xxx)(menu cmd i=*)
Trong
yyy T n nhm menu. Nu cng chung mt group th ta c th b qua yyy.
xxx T n menu hnh nh.
V d nh sau :
(menucmd "I=acad.image_vporti")(memucmd "i=*")
(menucmd "I=image_vporti")(memucmd "i=*")
2.6.4. Slide v th vin slide.
To cc slide.
Lu :
T o slide phi tht d nhn bit.
Hnh nh phi va khung. Hnh nh c t o vi t l (1 x 1.5)
Cc i tng t m nh Pline, trace, 2d solid ch hin l n cc ng vin. c
cc hnh t bng ta s d ng lnh t bng Shade trc khi t o hnh slide.
94
Lu hnh ni b

Trnh t t o :
Chuyn qua khng gian giy v
T o Viewport c kch thc 1,5:1
To th vin slide.
2.7. Menu mn hnh.

2.7.1. Section ca menu hnh nh.
2.8. Chui ch thch
thanh trng thi.
2.8.1. Section ca on m t chui ch thch.

Cc d ng ch thch ny c m t trong section ***HELPSTRINGS
2.8.2. M t chui ch thch.
D ng m t nh sau : ID_menu [status tring]
V d :
2.9. To cc phm tt.
2.9.1. Section ca on m t cc phm tt
o n m t cc phm t t nm trong section : ***ACCELERATORS.
2.9.2. To phm tt
T n mc chn + t hp phm nng
V d :
ID_Open [control+O]
T hp phm nng+Chui lnh cn thc hin.
V d :
[Control + O]^C^C_Open
Cc t hp thng dng :
Control, shift, Alt, A,Z,"numpad0","numpad9"
VII.
Toolbar
1. cch to toolbars b ng cch dng lnh Toolbar

1.1. To Toolbar
1.2. To nt lnh mi
1.3. S a nt lnh
1.4. To mt Flyout
95
Lu hnh ni b
Trnh din mt l n t o toolbars.

Ch t o flyout Toolbar
Khi mun t o mt n t lnh trong toolbar, b n chuyn n commands User Defined

button, User Defined Flyout. Ko r uer difined vo toolbar m b n c n th m mi n t lnh.
Sau bm vo n t Properties, hp tho i s hin ra nh sau :
96
Lu hnh ni b
T o Toolbars bng cch dng lnh customise l n gin v thun tin nht. Tuy nhi n
b n c n c th t o ra bng cch so n tho trc tip trong file acad.mnu.
2. Cch to toolbars b ng cch son tho trong file *.mnu
Cc base menu v partial menu u c th khai bo cc thanh cng c trong section
***TOOLBARS ca mnh. Section ny chia lm nhiu o n **XXXX tng ng vi t n
thanh cng c
Mi o n m t thanh cng c b t u bng t n thanh cng c ***XXXX. Sau l
cc d ng nh sau :
D ng u ti n m t tng qut v thanh cng c .
Cc d ng tip theo m t cc n t lnh tr n thanh cng c . C 3 lo i n t lnh :
Button, Flyout v Control.
2.1. D ng m t tng qut thanh cng c
C php :
TAG[Toolbar (tbarname,orient, visible, x, y, rows)]
TAG : t n m c chn (tng t nh cc section khc), khng b t buc phi c
Tbarname : ti u thanh cng c . t trong du nhy chui
Orient : v tr mc nh ca thanh cng cuk. Cc gi tr c th gn cho m c ny l :
_Floating, _Top, _Bttm, _Left v _Right. (khng phn bit ch hoa, ch thng).
Visible : mc nh xut hin tr n mn hnh hay khng. Cc gi tr c th gn cho
m c ny l _show v _hide.(khng phn bit ch hoa, ch thng)
X,y : v tr xut hin mc nh tr n mn hnh, tnh t mp tr n tri khng gian v.
Rows : s d ng mc nh chua cc n t lnh
Ch : Cc c im ca thanh cng c nh Orient, visible, x, y, rows s c lu l i
trong registry ca Window mi khi autocad ng l i. Ch khi no khng tm thy cc gi tr
tr n registry, autocad mi s d ng cc gi tr mc nh trong file menu.
V d :
**TB_Draw
ID TbDraw [toolbar (Draw),_left, Show,0,0,1]
2.2. D ng m t loi nt lnh Button
C php :
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TAG [button (btnname, ID_Small, ID_Large)] macro
Btnname : ti u n t lnh. t trong du nhy chui. Chui ny s c dng lm
ToolTip (d ng ch ch thch xut hin tr n nn vng, khi con tr c a n nm
t i v tr biu tng n t lnh tr n thanh cng c )
ID_Small : xc nh hnh nh n lnh hin tr n thanh cng c . y l t n ca mt
trong cc biu tng nh (kch thc 16 x 15) t o sn ca AutoCAD (v d :
ICON_16_Line). Hoc l t n mt file bitmap t t o (kch thc 15x16) t trong cc
th m c mc nh ca AutoCAD.
ID_Large : xc nh hnh nh n lnh hin tr n thanh cng c khi chn m c Large
buttons tr n hp tho i Toolbats. y l t n ca mt trong cc biu tng ln (kch
thc 24 x 22) t o sn ca AutoCAD. Hoc l t n mt file bitmap t t o (kch thc
24 x 26) t trong cc th m c mc nh ca AutoCAD. Nu kch thc khng phi
l 24 x 22, AutoCAD s t iu chnh t l cho bng kch thc ny.
Macro : menu macro, c c php tng t c php ca cc menu khc trong ph n
ny.
V d :
**TB_DRAW
ID_TbDraw [_Toolbar("Draw", _Left, _Show, 0, 0, 1)]
ID_Line
[_Button("Line", RCDATA_16_LINE, RCDATA_16_LINE)]^C^C_line
ID_Xline [_Button("Construction Line", RCDATA_16_XLINE, RCDATA_16_XLINE)]^C^C_xline
ID_Pline [_Button("Polyline", RCDATA_16_PLINE, RCDATA_16_PLINE)]^C^C_pline
ID_Polygon [_Button("Polygon", RCDATA_16_POLYGO, RCDATA_16_POLYGO)]^C^C_polygon
ID_Rectang [_Button("Rectangle", RCDATA_16_RECTAN, RCDATA_16_RECTAN)]^C^C_rectang
ID_Arc
[_Button("Arc", RCDATA_16_ARC3PT, RCDATA_16_ARC3PT)]^C^C_arc
2.3. D ng m t loi nt lnh Flyout.

Flyout l mt lo i n t lnh tr n thanh cng c , khi chn s xut hin mt thanh cng c
khc (c chc n ng tng t nh SubMenu). V d , tr n thanh cng c Standard c n t lnh
Flyout zoom, khi ta chn s xut hin thanh cng c Zoom.
C php :
TAG [flyout (flyname,ID_Smaill,ID_Large, Icon, alias)] macro
Btnname : ti u n t lnh. t trong du nhy chui. Chui ny s c dng lm
ToolTip (d ng ch ch thch xut hin tr n nn vng, khi con tr c a n nm
t i v tr biu tng n t lnh tr n thanh cng c )
ID_small v ID_large ging nh m c tr n.
Icon : nhn 1 trong 2 gi tr sau :
o OwnIcon : Hnh nh n t Flyout tr n thanh cng c s khng thay i
o OtherIcon : Hnh nh n t Flyout s thay i theo hnh nh ca n t va
c chn
Alias : T n b danh ca thanh cng c g n vi n t flyout.
Macro : tng t nh n t lnh button.
**TB_ZOOM
ID_TbZoom [_Toolbar("Zoom", _Floating, _Hide, 100, 350, 1)]
ID_ZoomWindo [_Button("Zoom Window", RCDATA_16_ZOOWIN, RCDATA_16_ZOOWIN)]'_zoom _w
ID_ZoomDynam [_Button("Zoom Dynamic", RCDATA_16_ZOODYN, RCDATA_16_ZOODYN)]'_zoom _d
ID_ZoomScale [_Button("Zoom Scale", RCDATA_16_ZOOSCA, RCDATA_16_ZOOSCA)]'_zoom _s
ID_ZoomCente [_Button("Zoom Center", RCDATA_16_ZOOCEN, RCDATA_16_ZOOCEN)]'_zoom _c
ID_ZoomObjec [_Button("Zoom Object", RCDATA_16_ZOOOBJ, RCDATA_16_ZOOOBJ)]'_zoom _o
[--]
ID_ZoomIn [_Button("Zoom In", RCDATA_16_ZOOIN, RCDATA_16_ZOOIN)]'_zoom 2x
ID_ZoomOut [_Button("Zoom Out", RCDATA_16_ZOOOUT, RCDATA_16_ZOOOUT)]'_zoom .5x
[--]
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ID_ZoomAll [_Button("Zoom All", RCDATA_16_ZOOALL, RCDATA_16_ZOOALL)]'_zoom _all
ID_ZoomExten [_Button("Zoom Extents", RCDATA_16_ZOOEXT, RCDATA_16_ZOOEXT)]'_zoom _e
**TB_STANDARD
ID_TbZoom [_Flyout("Zoom", RCDATA_16_ZOOM, RCDATA_16_ZOOM, _OtherIcon, ACAD.TB_ZOOM)]
2.4. Dong m t nt lnh Control.

N t lnh Control c d ng mt danh sch xung. Ccc danh
sch ny do AutoCAD t o sn.
V d nh danh sch mu tr n thanh cng c Object properties
ca AutoCAD.
C php nh sau : TAG [_control (name)]
TAG : t n m c chn (tng t nh cc section khc),
khng b t buc phi c
Name : T n ca control do autoCAD t o sn. Cc gi tr
ca tham s ny nh sau :
o _Color
o _Dimstyle
o _Layer
o _LineType
o LineWeight
o UCSManager
o _View
o ViewportScale
V d : (trch trong file acad.mnu)
**TB_OBJECT_PROPERTIES
ID_TbObjectP [_Toolbar("Properties", _Top, _Show, 2, 1, 1)]
[_Control(_Color)]
[--]
[_Control(_Linetype)]
[--]
[_Control(_Lineweight)]
[--]
[_Control(_PlotStyle)]
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AUTOCAD Nâng Cao

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TRNG I HC KIN TRC H NI

GIO TRNH AUTOCAD NNG CAO

Gio trnh Autocad nng cao

TRNG I HC KIN TRC H NI

PHN I : AUTOCAD NNG CAO

II. Thit lp mi trng v.

Chng 3 : L M VIC VI D LIU

Gio trnh Autocad nng cao

TRNG I HC KIN TRC H NI

TRNG I HC KIN TRC H NI

Chng 4 : TY BIN TRONG AUTOCAD

Cc i tng shape. (1 tit)

Gio trnh Autocad nng cao

TRNG I HC KIN TRC H NI

Gio trnh Autocad nng cao

TRNG I HC KIN TRC H NI

PHN I : AUTOCAD NNG CAO

Chng 1 : THIT LP MI TRNG BN V

TRNG I HC KIN TRC H NI

Style name : Tn style

Gio trnh Autocad nng cao

TRNG I HC KIN TRC H NI

Filter name : T n ca nhm lc.

Gio trnh Autocad nng cao

TRNG I HC KIN TRC H NI

Gio trnh Autocad nng cao

TRNG I HC KIN TRC H NI

Set current : Chuyn dimstyle c chn sang ch o hin hnh.

Hp thoi Use for : Lo i kch c p d ng trong khi o

Gio trnh Autocad nng cao

TRNG I HC KIN TRC H NI

Frame Dimension Line : (ng kch thc)

Arrowheads : (Mi tn)

TRNG I HC KIN TRC H NI

TRNG I HC KIN TRC H NI

Fit Options : th ny s kim tra xem, nu ch trng th s t text v ng kch

Gio trnh Autocad nng cao

TRNG I HC KIN TRC H NI

Linear Dimensions : gn d ng v n v cho kch thc di

TRNG I HC KIN TRC H NI

Alternate units : gn cc n v li n kt. Gn d ng v chnh xc n v chiu di,

Gio trnh Autocad nng cao

TRNG I HC KIN TRC H NI

Tolerance : iu khin s hin th v hnh d ng ca cc ch s dung sai.

None : khng thm vo sau kch thc sai lch gi hn gi tr

Precision : Hin th v gn s cc s thp phn c ngha.

Gio trnh Autocad nng cao

TRNG I HC KIN TRC H NI

Gio trnh Autocad nng cao

TRNG I HC KIN TRC H NI

Custom pattern : Chn cc m u la chn cha trong file .PAT

Gio trnh Autocad nng cao

TRNG I HC KIN TRC H NI

One color : Phi gia mu c chn v mu trng.

Gio trnh Autocad nng cao

TRNG I HC KIN TRC H NI

Hp thoi LineType Manager.

Gio trnh Autocad nng cao

TRNG I HC KIN TRC H NI

Gio trnh Autocad nng cao

TRNG I HC KIN TRC H NI

Cc la chn ca hp tho i Attribute Definition nh sau :

TRNG I HC KIN TRC H NI

B n c th chnh l i cc thng s ca thuc tnh ri n n t OK.