QUAID-E-AWAM UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY NAWABSHAH

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

Submitted in the fulfillment of partial requirement for the degree of

Bachelor of Electronic Engineering

Microcontroller 8051 based PC Remote

Control via Serial Port
Project Supervisor

ENGR. Abdul Rafay Khatri

BY

ENGR. WAHAB UDDIN NAZAR (GROUP LEADER) (06ES56)

ENGR. SAMI CHANNA (ASST: GROUP LEADER) (06ES50)

MEMBERS

ENGR. WASIM ABBAS (06ES51)

ENGR.LATEEF GUL (06ES20)

ENGR. SHERYAR JAMALI (06ES11)

1
 CERTIFICATE

This is certify that Mr.___________________________________

S/O________________________ Roll No.________ Final Year

student of Bachelor of Electronic Engineering has completed the
compulsory requirement of Project/Thesis during session; 2008
2009.The title thesis is “Microcontroller 8051 Based Pc Remote
Control via Serial Port”. It is submitted to the Quaid-e-Awam
University of Engineering science & Technology Nawabshah for
award of the Degree of Bachelor of Electronic Engineering.

ENGR. ABDUL RAFAY KHATRI

SUPERVISOR

PROF: MUEEN DIN MEMEON

CHAIRMAN DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

QUAID-E-AWAM UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY NAWABSHAH

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
2
Bismillahirrahmaanirrahim,

In the name of Allah, the most compassionate and the merciful.

Thank to God is Almighty because of we can finish our project

with successful. We would like to express my sincere gratitude to my
project supervisor, Mr. Abdul Rafay Khatri lecturer, for his useful
information, help, guidance and constructive comments towards the
completion of this project. With his supported we can do this project
and finish it.

And we would like to say thank you to our family because of

their support like, money, time and spiritual. Without their support, it’s
very hard to us to run and finished this final project.

Lastly we thanks to all our friends because of with their help like
teaching us, give borrow their transport to us for buy the component
and equipment, and their morale supported.

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 ABSTRACT
This final report is established to fulfill the Final year Project/Thesis requirement for
Engineering for final semester student, a standard guideline is prepared to standardize
various documentations and this report is done mainly to list down all the important
aspect of the project or the electrical and electronic device that designed.

We introduce a method of how electronics devices and machines can be controlled

remotely from an operator/user. As a practical model we design a microcontroller 8051
based receiver circuit may connected to Personal computer. This project is an
implementation of RC5-remote reception on an 8051 microcontroller. The received code
is decoded and sent to the PC IR remote software developed using high level graphical
programming language (Visual Basic). The cursor position is moved according to the
keys pressed.

The project report focuses on the system which is designed by using the Microcontroller
AT89c2051. The infrared receiver have three pins in which two pins are for +5v supply
and ground while the third pin is for data output. The Infrared Receiver is designed for
demodulating the frequency of 30 kHz to 40 kHz, for example, TSOP1738 is designed
for demodulating frequency of 38 kHz which is used in our project.

The IR receiver module receives the data sent by remote handset, amplifies,
demodulates and converts it to MCU compatible voltage format and outputs it on its data
output pin. The microcontroller decodes the infrared signal data and the microcontroller
will sent the infrared Key code to the PC through the Serial port.

We use Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 to receive the Key code through the Component
called MSCOMM which is a component for the Com port control. Through this
component we get the key code and do the appropriate functions.

After getting this key code of the Remote control the program compare the key code
with the code present in the program and if they are equal then the corresponding
function was done.

CHAPTER 1

4
 MICROCONTROLLER BASED PC REMOTE CONTROL

1-1 INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………….……………10

1-2 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT…………………………….………………………10
1-3 HISTORY OF REMOTE CONTROLS………………………………………..…..……11

1-3-1 THE FIRST REMOTE CONTROL……………………………………………...……11

1-3-2 MILLITARY USES OF REMOTE CONTROL IN WWI & WWII…………..………11

1-3-3 INFRARED DEVICES REPLACED THE ULTRASONIC RC………………………11

1-4 HOW A SIMPLE REMOTE CONTROL WORKS………………………………………12

1-4-1 INFRARED REMOTE CONTROL: THE PROCESS……………………….…………12

1-5 EMBEDED SYSTEM DESIGN CHALLENGES………………………….……14

1-5-1 SHORTER DEVELOPMENT TIME……………………………………………………14

1-5-2 LOWER MANUFACTURING COST…………………………………………..………14

1-5-3 LOWER POWER CONSUMPTION………………………………………….…………15

1-6 OPPURTUNITIES OF THIS PROJECT IN MARKET……………………………………15

1-6-1 HOUSE HOLD PRODUCTS……………………………………………………….……15

1-6-2 ON INDUSTRIAL BASIS……………………………………………………….………15

1-7 WHY USING SERIAL PORT INSTEAD OF PARALLEL PORT…………….…………15

1-8 THE FUTURE OF REMOTE CONTROL…………………………………………….……16

CHAPTER 2

COMPONENTS AND PARTS USED IN THE PROJECT

2-1 MICRO-CONTROLLER…………………………………………………….…………18

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2-1-1 MICRO-CONTROLLER: WHY? WHAT? HOW?.....................................................18

2-1-2 CHOSSING A MICRO-CONTROLLER………………………………….…………18

2-1-3 HISTORY OF MICRO-CONTROLLER………………………………….…………19

2-1-4 MICRO-CONTROLLER 8051(AT892051)…………………………………………19

2-1-5 PIN DESCRIPTION OF AT892051…………………………………………………20

2-1-6 FUNDAMENTAL OPERATION OF AN 8051

MICRO-CONTROLLER BASED SYSTEM………………………………………………21
2-1-7 THE 8051 SYSTEM ARRCHITECTURE……………………………………..……21
2-2 RS232 SERIAL PORT ……………………………………………………..……….…22

2-2-1 INTRODUCTION TO RS232……………………………………………….………23

2-2-2 PIN DESCRIPTION…………………………………………………………………23

2-2-3 SPEED……………………………………………………………………….………23

2-2-4 RS232 SPECIFICATIONS………………………………………………………….25

2-3 MAX232…………………………………………………………………………….…27

2-3-1 FEATURES…………………………………………………………….……………27

2-4 TSOP1738………………………………………………………………………..……27

2-4-1 PIN CONFIGURATION……………………………………………………………27

2-5 POWER SUPPLY……………………………………………………………..………27

2-5-1 PIN CONGIGURATION……………………………………………………………27

2-6 COMPONENT LISTING…………………………………………………..…………28

CHAPTER 3

PROGRAMMING AND INTERFACING OF MICROCONTROLLER

8051

3-1 PROGRAMS THE 8051 MICROCONTROLLER…………………………………………30

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3-1-1 PRE-REQUEST FOR PROGRAMMING…………………………………………..……30
3-1-2 INTRODUCTION TO ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE…………………………...…………30
3-1-3 ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE AND OTHER COMPUTER LANGUAGES………………30
3-1-4 STRUCTURE OF ASSEMBLY PROGRAMMING……………………………..………31
3-1-5 ASSEMBLY CODE OVERVEIW……………………………………………….………31
3-1-6ARITHEMATIC AND LOGIC INSTRUCTIONS……………………………….………31
3-1-7 ADDRESSING MODES………………………………………………………………….32
3-1-8 ASSEMBLING AND RUNNING AN 8051 PROGRAM:……………………………….32
3-1-9 I/O PORT PROGRAMMING………………………………………………….…………32

3-1-10 INTERRUPTS PROGRAMMING………………………………………………………34

3-2 MICROCONTROLLER 8051 INTERFACING TECHNIQUES…………………..………36

3-2-1INTERFACING WITH RS232 AND MAX232……………………………………..……38

3-2-2 SENSORS…………………………………………………………………………………40
3-2-3NTERFACING TO INFRA RED SENSOR………………………………………..……..40
CHAPTER 4

SERIAL COMMUNICATION AND PROGRAMMING THE SERIAL

PORT

4-1 BASICS OF SERIAL COMMUNICATION …………………………….………………43

4-2 STANDARD SERIAL INTERFACE………………………………………….…………44

4-3 INTERFACING THE SERIAL PORT TO PC……………………………………………44

4-4 MODES OF SERIAL PORT………………………………………………………………45

4-5 SERIAL PORT CONTROL REGISTER…………………………………………………46

4-6 SERIAL PORT CONTROL ( SCON ) REGISTER………………………………….…46

4-7 SERIAL COMMUNICATION INTERRUPTS……………………………………….…46

4-8 WRRITING TO THE SERIAL PORT……………………………………………………48

4-9 READING THE SERIAL PORT…………………………………………………….……49

4-10 PROGRAMMING……………………………………………………………….………50

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CHAPTER 5

VISUAL BASIC FOR 8051 MICROCONTROLLER

5-1 VISUAL BASIC 6.0………………………………………………………….……………57

5-1-1 FEATURES………………………………………………………………………………57

5-2 SERIAL COMMUNICATION WITH VISUAL BASIC 6.0………………………….……58

5-2-1 COMMUNICATIONS CONTROL………………………………………………………58

5-2-2 PROPERTIES OF COMMUNICATION PORT CONTROL……………………….……59

5-3 COMM PORT………………………………………………………………………….……60

5-4 INPUTTING DATA…………………………………………………………………...……60

5-5 OUTPUTTING DATA………………………………………………………………...……61

5-6 GETTING STARTED WITH PC REMOTE CONTROL……………………………….…62

MICROCONTROLLER 8051 BASED PC

REMOTE CONTROL VIA SERIAL PORT

8
 CHAPTER# 1

MICROCONTROLLER BASED PC REMOTE

CONTROL

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

QUAID-E-AWAM UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY NAWABSHAH

CHAPTER-1

MICROCONTROLLER BASED PC REMOTE

CONTROL

1-1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter explains about the Microcontroller based Pc remote control ,motivation
to build this project ,a short history of remote control world .Remote control are mostly
infra red which plays a revolutionary vital role in changing our lives. This project

9
contains all about how to make a system to control your Personal computer remotely
with almost any remote controller you can find in your house TV Sets. Along this we
discuss the Remote control and it’s commercially and economically reviews how a
simple remote control works and in the end of the chapter we concluded the future of the
remote controls.

1-2 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

The convenience of selecting TV channels using your remote and then pointing the same
remote to your Computer so that you can control the whole system using the single
remote control. The Following functions can be done with PC Remote control. All
Numerical Keys (0 - 9) Arithmetic Keys (+, -, /, *) Enter, Escape, Help, Refresh, Caps
lock, Tab, Back space, delete, Left, Right, Up, down arrows, Page up, Page down,
Window keys. Calculator, Notepad CD drive Open/Close Control panel Computer log
off, reboot or shutdown Volume Up, down, Mute 5 User defined Programs

>All Numerical Keys (0 - 9)

>Arithmetic Keys (+, -, /, *)
>Enter, Escape, Help, Refresh, Caps lock, Tab, Back space, delete, Left, Right, Up,
down arrows, Page up, Page down, Window keys.
> Calculator, Notepad
> CD drive Open/Close

>Control panel
>Computer log off, reboot or shutdown
>Volume Up, down, Mute
>5 User defined Programs

1-3 HISTORY OF REMOTE CONTROLS

1-3-1 THE FIRST REMOTE CONTROL

The first TV remote control, called "Lazy Bones," was developed in 1950 by Zenith
Electronics Corporation (then known as Zenith Radio Corporation). Lazy Bones used a
cable that ran from the TV set to the viewer. A motor in the TV set operated the tuner
through the remote control. Although customers liked having remote control of their

10
television, they complained that people tripped over the unsightly cable that meandered
across the living room floor.

1-3-2 MILLITARY USES OF REMOTE CONTROL IN

WWI & WWII

The first machines to be operated by remote control were used mainly for military
purposes. Radio-controlled motorboats, developed by the German navy, were used to
ram enemy ships in WW I. Radio controlled bombs and other remote control weapons
were used in WW II. Once the wars were over, United States scientists experimented to
find nonmilitary uses for the remote control.

1-3-3 INFRARED DEVICES REPLACED THE

ULTRASONIC RC

In the early 1960s, solid-state circuitry (i.e., transistors) began to replace vacuum tubes.
Hand-held, battery-powered control units could now be designed to generate the
inaudible sound electronically. In this modified form, Dr. Adler's ultrasonic remote
control invention lasted through the early 1980s, a quarter century from its inception. By
the early 1980s, the industry moved to infrared, or IR, remote technology. The IR
remote works by using a low frequency light beam, so low that the human eye cannot
see it, but which can be detected by a receiver in the TV. Zenith's development of cable-
compatible tuning and tale text technologies in the 1980s greatly enhanced the
capabilities and uses for infrared TV remotes.

1-4 HOW A SIMPLE REMOTE CONTROL WORKS

For the purpose of designing a PC remote control we should aware to the basic
fundamentals of the working of simple IR remote control. A remote control works on the
principle of IR technology. Here we prescribed the TV remote control which is the
mother of PC remote control

An IR remote control (the transmitter) sends out pulses of infrared light that represent
specific binary codes. These binary codes correspond to commands, such as Power

11
On/Off and Volume Up. The IR receiver in the TV, stereo or other device decodes the
pulses of light into the binary data (ones and zeroes) that the device's microcontroller
can understand. The microcontroller then carries out the corresponding command.
The basic parts involved in sending an IR signal include:
• Buttons
• Integrated circuit
• Button contacts
• Light-emitting diode (LED)

1-4-1 INFRARED REMOTE CONTROL: THE PROCESS

Pushing a button on a remote control sets in motion a series of events that causes the
controlled device to carry out a command. The process works something like this:
1. You push the "volume up" button on your remote control, causing it to touch
the contact beneath it and complete the "volume up" circuit on the circuit
board. The integrated circuit detects this.
2. The integrated circuit sends the binary "volume up" command to the LED at
the front of the remote.
3. The LED sends out a series of light pulses that corresponds to the binary
"volume up" command.
One example of remote-control codes that includes the following 7-bit binary
commands:
Button Code
1 000 0000
2 000 0001
3 000 0010
4 000 0011
Channel up 001 0000
Channel down 001 0001
Power on 001 0101
Power off 010 1111
Volume up 001 0010
`Volume down 1 0011

12
The remote signal includes more than the command for "volume up," though. It carries
several chunks of information to the receiving device, including:

• a "start" command

• the command code for "volume up"

• the device address (so the TV knows the data is intended for it)
• a "stop" command (triggered when you release the "volume up" button)
So when you press the "volume up" button on a Sony TV remote, it sends out a series of
pulses that looks something like this: When the infrared receiver on the TV picks up the
signal from the remote and verifies from the address code that it's supposed to carry out
this command, it converts the light pulses back into the electrical signal for 001 0010. . It
then passes this signal to the microcontroller, which goes about increasing the volume.
The "stop" command tells the microprocessor it can stop increasing the volume.

FIG 1-1: A typical IR signal

1-5 EMBEDED SYSTEM CHALLENGES

This portion attempts to investigate the approach of embedded systems to design the
microcontroller based PC remote control via serial port. The embedded system is a
combination of computer hardware, software and perhaps additional mechanical or other
parts, designed to perform a specific function within a given time frame.

13
.1-5-1 SHORTER DEVELOPMENT TIME
An embedded application not only saves money but also shorten development time since
there is a vast library of soft ware already written for the DOS & Windows platforms.
The fact the windows is a widely used & well understood platform means that
developing our windows based embedded product reduces the cost & shorten the
developing time considerably.

1-5-2 LOWER MANUFACTURING COST

Our goal to complete our project in the minimum availability of resources and cost to
over come the market needs. Because we use microcontrollers they have a fixed amount
of RAM Rom and I/O ports. Makes them ideal for PC remote control in which cost and
space are critical

1-5-3 LOWER POWER CONSUMPTION

In this remote system there is no need for the computing power of a 486 or even an 8086
microprocessor in this application, the space it takes the power it consumes.

1-6 OPPURTUNITIES OF THIS PROJECT IN

MARKET
PC remote control system has a high potential in Pakistani markets due its min: size &
low cost. We call this system “The big thing in small packaging”

1-6-1 HOUSE HOLD PRODUCTS

As we design a method to control the machines & other electronic devices through a
remote control so ,we can implement this method to control home appliances & devices
such as to control home appliances such as room lights, fans, air condition, door lock
and unlock, washing machines, ,microwave oven and other stuff of home appliances
etc. It is concluded that our project have a high potential in the market of home
automation.

1-6-2 ON INDUSTRIAL BASIS

14
Remote controllers are the amazing applications and commercial opportunities in many
industries for example in auto industry they are used to lock and unlock the car doors,
car parking with a remote control .Remote controls are the major part of industries in
any perspectives

1-7 WHY USING SERIAL PORT INSTEAD OF

PARALLEL PORT
We use serial port in our project to communicate with PC which has some advantages
over Parallel port

1. The serial port cable can be longer than a parallel port cable, as serial port
transmits '1' as voltage from -5 to -12V and '0' as voltage from +5 to +12 V,
while parallel port transmits '1' as voltage of 5 volts and '0' as voltage of 0 volts.
At the same time the receiver of the serial port receives '1' as voltage from -3 to
-25 V and '0' as voltage from +3 to +25 V. Thus serial port can have maximal
swing up to 50 volts, while parallel port has maximal swing of 5 volts. Thus the
losses in the cable when transmitting data using serial port are less substantial
then losses when transmitting data using parallel port.

2. The number of wires needed when transmitting data serially is less than when the
transmission is parallel. Is the external device has to be installed at a great
distance from the computer, the cable with three wires is much cheaper than the
cable with 19 or 25 wires if the transmission is parallel. Still one should
remember that there are interface creation expenses for every
receiver/transmitter.

3. Further development of serial port is usage of infrared devices which

immediately proved popular. Many electronic diaries and palmtop computers
have inbuilt infrared devices for connection with external devices.

1-8 THE FUTURE OF REMOTE CONTROL

The future of remote controls is already happening and it is from a remote source via
fiber, satellite, and wireless to you and the devices in your home. The electrical company

15
can already control your household appliances, including your computers through the
electrical wiring. Remote brain interfaces that you have no choice over are next. The
opportunities are obvious with more intuitive interaction, but so are the dangers and they
are not being presented truthfully

MICROCONTROLLER 8051 BASED PC

REMOTE CONTROL VIA SERIAL PORT

CHAPTER# 2

COMPONENTS AND PARTS USED IN THE

PROJECT

16
 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

QUAID-E-AWAM UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY NAWABSHAH

CHAPTER -2

COMPONENTS AND PARTS USED IN THE

PROJECT
In this chapter we discuss briefly different components and parts used in the project and
the criteria to choosing these parts. All parts can found in market with very low price but
whole project worth much more.

2-1 MICRO-CONTROLLER
Microcontroller is the backbone and the center of activity of our project. First we justify
the importance of using a microcontroller in our project before choosing.

2-1-1 MICRO-CONTROLLER: WHY? WHAT? HOW?

So, why do we use a micro-controller for the soul of our project? It is simply because
micro-controllers are cost effective and small enough to fit into our design. So the next
question is what type of micro-controller should we use?

2-1-2 CHOSSING A MICRO-CONTROLLER

There are four major 8-bit microcontrollers. There are Motorola’s 6811 Intel’s 8051,
Zilog`s Z8 and PIC 16X from Microchip Technology. There are also 16 bit and 32 bit
microcontrollers made by various chip makers. With all these different microcontrollers
our criteria to consider in choosing one? Three criteria in choosing one are as follows

17
MEETING THE COMPUTING NEEDS OF THE TASK AT HAND EFFICEINTLY AND
COST EFFECTIVE

In analyzing the needs of a microcontroller based project we must see whether an 8 bit,
16bit or 2 bit microcontroller can best handle the computing needs of the task most
effectively. Among other considerations in this category are:

✔ Speed
✔ Packaging
✔ Power consumption
✔ The amount of RAM and ROM on chip
✔ The amount of I/O pins and the timer on the chip
✔ How it is easy to upgrade to higher performance or lower power consumption
versions
✔ Cost per unit

Availability of software development tools

Availability of an assembler, debugger, a code-efficient C language compiler, emulator,

technical support and both in house and out side house expertise

Availability and reliable resources of the microcontroller

The third criterion in choosing a microcontroller is its availability in needed quantities

both now in the future.

In this broad sense of choosing a microcontroller we chose 8051. We chose the 8051
because of its popularity and cost effectiveness. Moreover there are plenty of public
domain software as well as commercial libraries available in the industry.
2-1-3 HISTORY OF MICRO-CONTROLLER

The 8051 is originally an Intel product, a cousin of the 80X 86 families designed for the
embedded control market in the 80s. As popular standards especially software standards
don’t easily die down, it flourishes for years and becomes one of the most popular 8-bit
micro-controllers worldwide.

18
2-1-4 MICRO-CONTROLLER 8051(AT892051)

The AT89C2051 is a low-voltage, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 2

Kbytes of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM).This is 8-bit
microcontroller consists of 64 Bytes of RAM, IK bytes of on chip Flash Memory, 1
timers, 15 programmable I/O lines.

Why we chose AT892051? The AT89C2051 and is an economical and cost-effective

member of Atmel's growing family of microcontrollers. It contains 2 Kbytes of flash
program memory. It is fully compatible with the MCS-51 architecture, and can be
programmed using the MCS-51 instruction set. However, there are a few considerations
one must keep in mind when utilizing certain instructions to program this device it is the
responsibility of the controller user to know the physical features and limitations of the
device being used and adjust the instructions used correspondingly.

FIG 2-1: AT892051 Pin description

2-1-5 PIN DESCRIPTION OF AT892051

Port 1

Port 1 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port. Port pins P1.2 to P1.7 provide internal pull-ups.
P1.0 and P1.1 require external pull-ups. P1.0 and P1.1 also serve as the positive input

19
(AIN0) and the negative input (AIN1), respectively, of the on-chip precision analog
comparator.

Port 3

Port 3 pins P3.0 to P3.5, P3.7 are seven bidirectional I/O pins with internal pull-ups.
P3.6 is hard-wired as an input to the output of the on-chip comparator and is not
accessible as a general purpose I/O pin. The Port 3 output buffers can sink 20 mA. When
1s are written to Port 3 pins they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used
as inputs. As inputs, Port 3 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current
(IIL) because of the pull-ups. Port 3 also serves the functions of various special features
of the AT89C2051 as listed below: Port Pin P3.0 P 3.1 P3.2 P3.3 P3.4 P3.5 Alternate
Functions RXD (serial input port) TXD (serial output port) INT0 (external interrupt 0)
INT1 (external interrupt 1) T0 (timer 0 external input) T1 (timer 1 external input)
RST
Reset input. All I/O pins are reset to 1s as soon as RST goes high. Holding the RST pin
high for two machine cycles while the oscillator is running resets the device. Each
machine cycle takes 12 oscillator or clock cycles.
XTAL1
Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock operating
circuit.
XTAL2
Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier.
2-1-6 FUNDAMENTAL OPERATION OF AN 8051 MICRO-
CONTROLLER BASED SYSTEM
Micro-controller system has the following configuration
• The microprocessor is connected to a clock, which determines the operating
frequency of the system
• After the reset switch is depressed, the microprocessor first loads the content of
a startup location from the startup ROM (0000H for 8051).
2-1-7 THE 8051 SYSTEM ARRCHITECTURE
To understand the operation of the 8051 based system, we need to study how

20
 data and programs are stored in the system. Here we will examine two memory
storage subsystems:

FIG2-2: Fundamental system of 8051 Microcontroller Block diagram

1. The 8051 memory model

Below is the memory model of an 8051 micro-controller.

FIG 2-3: 8051 Memory Model

Internal ROM is vendor dependant. On power-up PC starts at 0000H in ROM space
2. The 8051 internal registers (special function registers SFR)
The 8051 has 128 bytes internal RAM for general-purpose storage, plus a number of
Locations within the range 80-FFH for storing Special Function Registers.

2-2 RS232 SERIAL PORT

21
RS232 is a popular communications protocol for connecting modems and data
acquisition devices to computers. RS232 devices can be plugged straight into the
computer's serial port (also known as the COM or Com port). We use RS232 connector

DB-9 male to interface to PC COMM port. We know that 8051 consist of built on serial
port for interfacing to the serial port of a personal computer (PC).

2-2-1 INTRODUCTION TO RS232

Rs232 can be used to connect between the PC and 8051. RS-232 is the interface that
your computer uses to talk to and exchange data with your.

2-2-2 PIN DESCRIPTION

There is a standardized pin out for RS-232 on a DB9 connector, as shown below.

FIG 2-4: Pin description according to the function

DCD: - Data Carrier Detect (DCD) indicates that carrier for the transmit data is ON.

RXD: - This pin carries data from the serial device to the computer.

Tad: - This pin carries data from the computer to the serial device.

DTR signals: - DTR is used by the computer to signal that it is ready to communicate
with the serial device like modem. In other words, DTR indicates to the Dataset (i.e., the
modem or DSU/CSU) that the DTE (computer) is ON.

22
 Fig 2-4: Serial Port of a typical Personal Computer

DSR: - Similarly to DTR, Data set ready (DSR) is an indication from the Dataset that
itIs ON.

RTS: - This pin is used to request clearance to send data to a modem

CTS: - This pin is used by the serial device to acknowledge the computer's RTS Signal.
In most situations, RTS and CTS are constantly on throughout the communication
session.

23
RI: - RI stands for Ring Indicator. A modem toggles (keystroke) the state of this line
when an incoming call rings your phone. In other words, this is used by an auto answer
modem to signal the receipt of a telephone ring signal

2-2-3 SPEED

The speed of RS232 communications is expressed in Baud The length of the cable also
plays a part in maximum speed. The longer the cable, the greater the cable's capacitance
and the slower the speed at which you can obtain accurate results.
2-2-4 RS232 SPECIFICATIONS

FIG 2-5: RS232 Specification chart

2-3 MAX232

Microcontroller 8051 works on CMOS voltage levels which cannot be used to

communicate over RS-232 protocol. So a voltage or level converter is needed which can
convert TTL to RS232 and RS232 to TTL voltage levels. The most commonly used RS-
232 level converter is MAX232. This IC includes charge pump which can generate

24
RS232 voltage levels (-10V and +10V) from 5V power supply. It also includes two
receiver and two transmitters and is capable of full-duplex UART/USART
communication. MAX232 IC chips are referred to as “Line Driver”.
2-3-1 FEATURES

• Meets or Exceeds TIA/EIA-232-F and ITU Recommendation V.28

• Operates From a Single 5-V Power Supply With 1.0-_F Charge-Pump Capacitors
• Operates Up To 120 Kit/s
• Two Drivers and Two Receivers
• ±30-V Input Levels
• Low Supply Current . . . 8 mA Typical

FIG 2-6: MAX232 Pin outs

2-4 TSOP1738
TSOP1738 is an Infrared (IR) receiver which is widely used in large number of
electronic products for receiving and demodulating infrared signals. The received
demodulated signals can be easily decoded by a microcontroller. It supports RC5, RC6
code, Sony format (SIRCS), NEC code, Sharp code, etc.

25
 FIG 2-7: TSOP1738 IC

2-4-1 PIN CONFIGURATION

Pin 1= GND

Pin 2=VCC

Pin 3=OUT

2-5 POWER SUPPLY

Sourcing of power is very essential for our receiving circuit to remain in ON condition.
We use power regulated IC 7805 IC to change 220 volts acc to +5 volt dc output,
output current capability of 100 mA.

2-5-1 PIN CONGIGURATION

1. Unregulated voltage in
2. Ground
3. Regulated voltage out

26
 Fig: 2-8:7804 regulated IC

2-6 COMPONENT LISTING

No Component Units

1 AT89C2051 1

2 RS232 Connector(FEMALE) 1

3 RS232 CABLE 1

4 Capacitor (33pF) 2

5 Capacitor 0.1 uF 2

6 Diode 1N4148 2

7 Capacitor 10 uF 5

8 Crystal (11.0592 MHz) 1

9 7805 ic 1

10 Toggle Switch 1

11 TSOP 1738 1

12 PHILIPS RC5 HAND SET 1

MICROCONTROLLER 8051 BASED PC

REMOTE CONTROL VIA SERIAL PORT

27
 CHAPTER# 3

PROGRAMMING AND INTERFACING OF

MICROCONTROLLER 8051

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

QUAID-E-AWAM UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY NAWABSHAH

CHAPTER-3

PROGRAMMING AND INTERFACING OF

MICROCONTROLLER 8051
In this chapter we will discussed about the construction and programming method
of an 8051 microcontroller based Pc remote control. We will program it using (Personal
Computer) PC through LPT port. We assumed that after figure out the programming

28
issues we are able to design out project circuit using different interfacing techniques of
8051.

3-1 PROGRAMS THE 8051 MICROCONTROLLER

The scope of this work confirming the 8051 microcontroller input/output (I/O) signals
are compatible with our IR proximity sensor. We also learnt and familiarized with 8051
using assembly language and converting the assembly language code to hexadecimal
code using a development board.
3-1-1 PRE-REQUEST FOR PROGRAMMING
✔ A general knowledge of programming
✔ An understanding of decimal, hexadecimal and binary no systems.
✔ A general knowledge of microcontroller 8051 hardware.
3-1-2 INTRODUCTION TO ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE
Assembly language is a low-level, pseudo-English representation of the
microcontroller's machine language. Each assembly language instruction has a one-to-
one relation to one of the microcontroller's machine-level instructions.
3-1-3 ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE AND OTHER COMPUTER
LANGUAGES
High-level languages, such as "C", Basic, Visual Basic, etc. are one or more steps above
assembly language in that no significant knowledge of the underlying architecture is
necessary. It is possible (and common) for a developer to program a Visual Basic
application in Windows without knowing much of anything about the Windows API,
much less the underlying architecture of the Intel Pentium.
3-1-4 STRUCTURE OF ASSEMBLY PROGRAMMING
An assembly language program consist of, among other things a series of lines of
Assembly language instructions. An assembly language instruction consists of a
mnemonic, optionally followed by one or two operands. Operand is the data items being
manipulated and mnemonics are the commands to the CPU, telling it what to do this
An assembly language program is a series of statements or lines such as ADD and MOV
or statement called directives
An assembly language instruction consist of four fields.

29
(Label:) mnemonic (operands) (;comment)

FIG 3-1:Environment of assembly language

3-1-5 ASSEMBLY CODE OVERVEIW

Oppcodes are operation codes. The codes assigned to each processor instruction. In the
8051 all codes 00h-FFh are defined. Operands are the objects used by the operation
represented by the Oppcodes. Mnemonics are the human readable names given to
individual Oppcodes.
3-1-6ARITHEMATIC AND LOGIC INSTRUCTIONS
Processor instructions are often classified into groups, such as:
✔ Data transfer instructions (e.g. MOV, MOVX, PUSH, POP, XCH)
✔ Arithmetic instructions (e.g. INC, ADDC, DEC, SUBB, MUL, DIV)
✔ Logic instructions (e.g. CLR, SETB, ANL, RRC, ORL, XRL)
✔ Control transfer (e.g. AJMP, LJMP, JMP, ACALL, LCALL, RET, DJNZ, JNB)
3-1-7 ADDRESSING MODES
A processor may support different addressing modes, such as register addressing, direct
addressing, indirect addressing, or immediate addressing
Register addressing: The content of the named register (R0-R7) is used and the least
significant bits of the Oppcodes specify the register (e.g. MOV R0,A)
Direct addressing: The operand specifies the address of the register/memory to be used
(e.g. MOV $80,$81)
Indirect addressing: The content of the addressed register is used as an address

30
(pointer), which is then accessed to provide the data for the instruction (e.g. MOV
[R0],A or MOV @R0,A)
Immediate addressing: the value to be used as data in the instruction is included
directly in the instruction syntax and in the program memory (e.g. MOV R0,#0)
3-1-8 ASSEMBLING AND RUNNING A PROGRAM
1. First we use an editor to type our program such as MS-DOS edit program or Notepad,
the source program has the extension “asm” or “src”.
2. The” asm” source file is fed to an 8051 assembler which converts the instructions into
machine code.
3. Assembler required a third step called linking. The link program takes one or more
object files and produces an absolute file with extension “abs”.
4. ”abs” file is fed into a program called “OH”(object to hex converter) which creates a
file with extension ”hex” that is ready to burn in ROM.
3-1-9 I/O PORT PROGRAMMING

The two 8-bit I/O ports P1and P3 each uses 8 pins. All the ports upon RESET are
configured as input, relay to use as input ports. When the 0 is written to apart ,it
becomes an output port and to configure it as an input ,a 1 must be sent to the port.
To use any of these ports as an input port, it must be programmed.

31
 FIG 3-2: Steps to create a program

Port 1:

32
Port 1 is configured as an input port upon Reset. Port 1 is configured first
as an input port by writing 1s to it, then data is received from that port and
saved R7 and. R5.

Port 3:

Port 3 can be used as input or out put and does not need any pull up
resistors .Port 3 is configured as an input port upon reset. It has the
additional function of providing some extremely important signals.

3-1-10 INTERRUPTS PROGRAMMING

An interrupt is an external or internal event that interrupts the microcontroller to inform

it that a device needs its service.

Interrupt system of 8051

There are five interrupt sources in order to priority.

i. External interrupt 0
ii. Timer 0
iii. External interrupt 1
iv. Timer 1
v. Serial Port
While programming the interrupts some points should be remember

✔ Each interrupt can be enabled separately

✔ Each interrupt type has a separate vector address
✔ Each interrupt can be programmed to one of two priority levels
✔ External interrupts can be programmed for edge or level sensitivity

IE: Interrupt enable register

33
 FIG 3-3: IE Register

EA: Global interrupt enable

ES: Serial Interface

ET1, ET0: Enable Interrupt Timer 1, Timer 0

EX0, EX1: External interrupt 0, 1

Interrupts Rom Pin

Location(Hex)
Reset 0000 9
External hardware interrupt 0003 P3.2(12)
0(INT0)
Timer 0 interrupt (TF0) 000b
External hardware interrupt 0013 P3.3(13)
1(INT1)
Timer 1 interrupt(TF1) 001b
Serial COM interrupt (RI and TI) 0023
FIG 3-4: Interrupt Vector Table for the 8051

IP: Interrupt priority register

We can alter the sequence by assigning a higher priority to any one of the interrupts.
This is done by programming a register IP.

34
 FIG 3-5: IP Register

PS: serial interface

PT1: Timer 1

PX1: External Interrupt 1

PT0: Timer 0

PX0: External Interrupt 0

(0= low priory , 1= high priority)

3-2 MICROCONTROLLER 8051 INTERFACING

TECHNIQUES
Micro-controllers are useful to the extent that they communicate with other devices,
such as sensors, motors, switches, keypads, displays, memory and even other
microcontrollers. Microcontroller system can be viewed as a system that reads from
(monitors) inputs, performs processing and writes to (controls) outputs.
The Digital input/outputs compensating a larger advantage over analog input and output.
In digital interface the microcontroller continuously reading monitor and control the
status of button or switch. They are simplest to interface. They have lower cost to
implement high speed and lower programming over head.

35
 FIG: 3-6: Microcontroller 8051 interface techniques classification

3-2-1INTERFACING WITH RS232 AND MAX232

8051 consist of a built-in serial port for interfacing the serial I/O devices. We can
connect a microcontroller to the serial port of a personal computer (PC) .The PC serial
port follows the RS232 or EIA-232 serial interface standards. A normal RS232 cable can
be used to connect between a PC and the 8051.The RS232 cable is terminated at both

ends at connector called DB-9/DB25.When connecting the 8051 to the RS232 serial
interface, one major concern is the difference in voltage levels between them. The 8051
uses the TTL voltage levels where a 5V would indicate a high while a 0 indicates a low.
Mean while ,for the RS232 a High is defined as being +3V to +15V while a low is
between -5V to -15V.Because of this the connection between the 8051 and the RS232
have to done through line divers(Max232). Line drivers basically function to convert
between the two different voltage levels so that a high or low as understand by the 8051
also means a high or low to the RS232 and vice versa..
RxD and TxD pins in the 8051

36
The 8051 has two pins that are used specially for transferring and receiving data serially.
These two pins are called TxD and RxD and are the part of the port 3 groups
(P3.0,P3.1).

FIG 3-7: Interface to RS232 through Max232(line driver)

FIG 3-8: Block diagram of PC Remote control receiver circuit

37
3-2-2 SENSORS

38
Sensors are electronics or electrical devices that change in some significant way in
response to an applied stimulus. Sensors, transducers and electrodes are used to compute
the physical standards by producing voltage signal that represents that parameter or
standard.
3-2-3NTERFACING TO INFRA RED SENSOR
IR Proximity sensor is the major component of the receiver circuit of our project, it has
an IR sensor which act as IR receiver with a built-in 38 KHz demodulator. We choose
TSOP1738 because it compatible to 8051 microcontroller TTL logic level. The
demodulated output signal can be directly decoded by the microcontroller.

FIG 3-9: Interfacing 8051 microcontroller to TSOP1738

FIG 3-10: Schematic circuit of TSOP1738 application

39
FIG 3-11: Circuit Diagram of PC Remote Control

40
 MICROCONTROLLER 8051 BASED PC
REMOTE CONTROL VIA SERIAL PORT

CHAPTER# 4

SERIAL COMMUNICATION AND PROGRAMMING

THE SERIAL PORT

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

QUAID-E-AWAM UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY NAWABSHAH

CHAPTER # 4
41
 SERIAL COMMUNICATION AND
PROGRAMMING THE SERIAL PORT
Computer transfers data in two ways: parallel and serial. In parallel data transfers often 8
or more lines (wire connection) are used to transfer data to a that is only a few feet
away. to transfer to a device located many meters away. The serial method is used. In
serial communication, the data is sent one bit at a time. In this chapter we discuss the
basics of serial communication and its programming

4-1 BASICS OF SERIAL COMMUNICATION

When a microcontrollers communicate with the out side world’s .it provides the data in
byte-sized chunks. it uses a single data line instead of 8-bit line of parallel
communication makes it cheaper and further used in long distance communication. For
serial data communication to work, the byte of data must be covered to serial bits using a
parallel-in-serial-out shift register; then it can be transmitted over a single data line
Serial data communication uses two methods

I. Asynchronous
II. Synchronous
The synchronous method transfer a block of data(characters) at a time while the
asynchronous transfers a single byte at a time. It is possible to write software to
use either of the method but the program can be tedious and long. For this
reason, there are special IC chips made by many manufacturers for serial
communication. These chips are commonly referred to as UART(universal
asynchronous receiver-transmitter) and USART (universal synchronous-
asynchronous recover-transmitter).The 8051 chips has a built-in UART

4-2 STANDARD SERIAL INTERFACE

The serial port is full duplex, meaning it can transmit and receive simultaneously. It is
also receive-buffered, meaning it can commence reception of a second byte before a
previously received byte has been read from the register The serial port receive and

42
transmit registers are both accessed at Special Function Register SBUF. Writing to
SBUF loads the transmit register, and reading SBUF accesses a physically separate
receive register.

FIG 4-1: Standard

interface of RS232 to PC comm.
port

4-3 INTERFACING THE SERIAL PORT TO PC

To allow data transfer between the PC and an 8051 system without any error, we must
make sure that the baud rate of 8051 system matches the baud rate of the PC’s COM
port .HyperTerminal function supports baud rates much higher than listed below

43
FIG 4-2: PC Baud rate supported by 486/Pentium IBM PC BIOS

4-4 MODES OF SERIAL PORT

The serial port can operate in 4 modes.
Mode 0:
Serial data enters and exits through RxD. TxD outputs the shift clock. 8 bits are
transmitted/received (LSB first). The baud rate is fixed at 1/12 the oscillator frequency.
Mode 1:
10 bits are transmitted (through TxD) or received (through RxD): a start bit (0), 8 data
bits (LSB first), and a stop bit (1). On receive; the stop bit goes into RB8 in Special
Function Register SCON. The baud rate is variable.
Mode 2:
11 bits are transmitted (through TxD) or received (through RxD): start bit (0), 8 data bits
(LSB first), a programmable 9th data bit, and a stop bit (1). On Transmit, the 9th data bit
(TB8 in SCON) can be assigned the value of 0 or 1. Or, for example, the parity bit (P, in
the PSW) could be moved into TB8. On receive, the 9th data bit goes into RB8 in

Special Function Register SCON, while the stop bit is ignored. The baud rate is
programmable to either 1/32 or 1/64 the oscillator frequency.
Mode 3:
11 bits are transmitted (through TxD) or received (through RxD): a start bit (0), 8 data

44
bits (LSB first), a programmable 9th data bit, and a stop bit (1). In fact, Mode 3 is the
same as Mode 2 in all respects except baud rate. The baud rate in Mode 3 is variable.

4-5 SERIAL PORT CONTROL REGISTER

The serial port control and status register is the Special Function Register SCON, shown
in Figure 11. This register contains not only the mode selection bits, but also the 9th data
bit for transmit and receive (TB8 and RB8), and the serial port interrupt bits (TI and RI).

4-6 SERIAL PORT CONTROL ( SCON ) REGISTER

MSB LSB
SM0 SM1 SM2 REN TB8 RB8 TI RI
Where SM0, SM1 specify the serial port mode, as follows

SM0 SM1 Mode Description Baud Rate

0 0 0 Shift Register fuss/ 12
0 1 1 8 bit UART variable
1 0 2 9 bit UART fosc/64 fosc/32
1 1 3 9 bit UART variable

4-7 SERIAL COMMUNICATION INTERRUPTS

In the 8051 there is only one interrupt set aside for serial communication This interrupt
is used to both send and receive data If the interrupt bit in the IE register (IE.4) is
enabled, when RI or TI is raised the 8051 gets interrupted and jumps to memory location
0023H to execute the ISR In that ISR we must examine the TI and RI flags to see which
one caused the interrupt and respond accordingly. The serial interrupt is used mainly for
receiving data and is never used for sending data serially

Program in which the 8051 reads data from P1 and writes it to P2 continuously while
giving a copy of it to the serial COM port to be transferred serially. Assume that
XTAL=11.0592. Set the baud rate at 9600.

CODE:
ORG
LJMP 0000H

45
 ORG MAIN
LJMP 23H
ORG SERIAL; jump to serial int ISR
MAIN: MOV 30H
MOV P1,#0FFH ;make P1 an input port
MOV TMOD,#20H ;timer 1, auto reload
MOV TH1,#0FDH ;9600 baud rate
MOV SCON,#50H ;8-bit,1 stop, ren enabled
SETB IE,10010000B ;enable serial int.
BACK: MOV TR1;start timer 1
MOV A,P1;read data from port 1
MOV SBUF,A;give a copy to SBUF
SJMP P2,A;send it to P2
BACK;stay in loop indefinitely;-----------------SERIAL PORT ISR
ORG 100H
SERIAL: JB TI,TRANS;jump if TI is high
MOV A,SBUF ;otherwise due to receive
CLR RI;clear RI since CPU doesn’t
RETI;return from ISR
TRANS: CLR TI;clear TI since CPU doesn’t
RETI;return from ISR
END...

Programming the 8051Microcontroller to transfer character bytes serially:

1. TMOD register is loaded with the value20H, indicating the use of timer 1 in
mode (8-bit auto-reload) to set baud rate

1. The TH1 is loaded with one of the values to set baud rate for serial data transfer

2. The SCON register is loaded with the value 50H, indicating serial mode 1, where
an 8- bit data is framed with start and stop bits

46
 3. TR1 is set to 1 to start timer 1

4. TI is cleared by CLR TI instruction

5. The character byte to be transferred serially is written into SBUF register

6. The TI flag bit is monitored with the use of instruction JNB TI,xx to see if the
character has been transferred completely

7. To transfer the next byte, go to step 5

4-8 WRITING TO THE SERIAL PORT

Once the Serial Port has been properly configured as explained above, the serial port is
ready to be used to send data and receive data. If you thought that configuring the serial
port was simple, using the serial port will be a breeze. To write a byte to the serial port
one must simply write the value to the SBUF (99h) SFR. For example, if you wanted to
send the word "yes" to the serial port, it could be accomplished as easily as:

Write a program for the 8051 to transfer “YES” serially at 9600 baud, 8-bit data, 1
stop bit, do this continuously

CODE:

MOV
TMOD,#20H ;timer 1,mode 2(auto reload)
MOV TH1,#-3;9600 baud rate
MOV SCON,#50H ;8-bit, 1 stop, REN enabled
SETB TR1;start timer 1
AGAIN: MOV A,#”Y”;transfer “Y”
ACALL TRANS

47
 MOV A,#”E”;transfer “E”
ACALL TRANS
MOV A,#”S”;transfer “S”
ACALL TRANS
SJMP AGAIN;keep doing it
;serial data transfer subroutine
TRANS: MOV SBUF,A;load SBUF
HERE: JNB TI,HERE;wait for the last bit
CLR TI;get ready for next byte
RET

4-9 READING THE SERIAL PORT

Reading data received by the serial port is equally easy. To read a byte from the serial
port one just needs to read the value stored in the SBUF (99h) SFR after the 8051 has
automatically set the RI flag in SCON.

For example, if your program wants to wait for a character to be received and
subsequently read it into the Accumulator, the following code segment may be used:

JNB RI,$ ;Wait for the 8051 to set the RI flag

MOV A,SBUF ;Read the character from the serial port
The first line of the above code segment waits for the 8051 to set the RI flag; again, the
8051 sets the RI flag automatically when it receives a character via the serial port. So as
long as the bit is not set the program repeats the "JNB" instruction continuously. Once
the RI bit is set upon character reception the above condition automatically fails and
program flow falls through to the "MOV" instruction which reads the value.

4-10 PROGRAMMING
This is the code which is burn in the microcontroller 8051 chip. This software is for
Phillips RC-5 remote decoding and controlling your pc with the help of a TV remote.

48
Pin used for reception is P3.3 while .you can use any pin as per your requiremnet.This
program is written for 8051 MCU running at 11.0592MHz.

CODE:

INPUT EQU P3.2 ; Port3,Bit2 is used as input. The demodulated signal

; with active low level is connected to this pin
RB0 EQU 000H ; Select Register Bank 0
RB1 EQU 008H ; Select Register Bank 1 ...poke to PSW to use

DSEG ; This is internal data memory

ORG 20H ; Bit addressable memory

FLAGS: DS 1
CONTROL BIT FLAGS.0 ; toggles with every new keystroke
NEW BIT FLAGS.1 ; Bit set when a new command has been received

COMMAND: DS 1 ; Received command byte

SUBAD: DS 1 ; Device sub address
BUFFER: DS 30 ; Buffer to store length of transmitted pulses
TOGGLE: DS 1 ;Toggle every bit
ANS: DS 1 ;
ADDR: DS 1
STACK: DS 1 ; Stack begins here
CSEG ; Code begins here

;---------==========----------==========---------=========---------
; PROCESSOR INTERRUPT AND RESET VECTORS
;---------==========----------==========---------=========---------

49
 ORG 00H ; Reset
JMP MAIN

ORG 0003H ; External Interrupt0

JMP RECEIVE

;---------==========----------==========---------=========---------
; ---------==========----------==========---------=========---------
; Interrupt 0 routine
; ---------==========----------==========---------=========---------
RECEIVE:
CPL P3.4
MOV 2,#235 ; Time Loop (3/4 bit time)
DJNZ 2,$ ; Waste Time to sync second bit
MOV 2,#235 ; Time Loop (3/4 bit time)
Djnz 2,$ ; Waste Time to sync second bit
Mov 2,#134 ; Time Loop (3/4 bit time)
Djnz 2,$ ; Waste Time to sync second bit
clr a
mov r6,#07h

pol1: mov c,Input

rlc a
Mov 2,#235 ; Waste time for next BIT
Djnz 2,$
Mov 2,#235 ; Time Loop (3/4 bit time)
Djnz 2,$ ; Waste Time to sync second bit
Mov 2,#235 ; Time Loop (3/4 bit time)
Djnz 2,$ ; Waste Time to sync second bit
Mov 2,#105 ; Time Loop (3/4 bit time)
Djnz 2,$ ; Waste Time to sync second bit

50
 djnz r6,pol1
MOV SUBAD,A

mov r6,#06h
pol2:
mov c,Input
rlc a

Mov 2,#235 ; Waste time for next BIT

Djnz 2,$
Mov 2,#235 ; Time Loop (3/4 bit time)
Djnz 2,$ ; Waste Time to sync second bit
Mov 2,#235 ; Time Loop (3/4 bit time)
Djnz 2,$ ; Waste Time to sync second bit
Mov 2,#105 ; Time Loop (3/4 bit time)
Djnz 2,$ ; Waste Time to sync second bit
djnz r6,pol2
Mov COMMAND,A ; Save Command at IRData memory

MOV A,SUBAD
MOV ADDR,A
ANL A,#0FH
MOV SUBAD,A
CJNE A,#03H,ZXC1
MOV A,COMMAND
CPL A
MOV COMMAND,A
AJMP ASZ
ZXC1: MOV A,SUBAD
CJNE A,#00H,ANSS
AJMP ASZ

51
ASZ: MOV A,ADDR
ANL A,#20H
MOV TOGGLE,A
CJNE A,ANS,ANSS
AJMP WAR
ANSS: JMP ANS1
WAR:

MOV TMOD,#20H
MOV TH1,#0FDH
MOV SCON,#50H
SETB TR1
MOV A,COMMAND
MOV P0,A

MOV SBUF,A
JNB TI,$
CLR TI
CLR TR1

MOV ANS,TOGGLE
MOV A,ANS
CPL ACC.5
MOV ANS,A
SETB NEW ; Set flag to indicate the new command

;################################################################
ANS1:
RETI

52
; ---------==========----------==========---------=========---------
; Main routine. Program execution starts here.
; ---------==========----------==========---------=========---------
MAIN:
MOV SP,#60H

SETB EX0 ; Enable external Interrupt0

CLR IT0 ; triggered by a high to low transition

SETB EA; /* Enable global interrupt */

MOV ANS,#00H ;clear temp toggle bit

CLR NEW

LOO:
JNB NEW,LOO
CLR NEW
AJMP LOO

END

53
 MICROCONTROLLER 8051 BASED PC
REMOTE CONTROL VIA SERIAL PORT

CHAPTER# 5

VISUAL BASIC FOR 8051 MICROCONTROLLER

54
 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

QUAID-E-AWAM UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY NAWABSHAH

5-1 VISUAL BASIC 6.0

Visual Basic (VB) is an event driven programming language and associated
development environment from Microsoft for its COM programming model. Visual
Basic was derived from BASIC and enables the rapid application development (RAD) of
graphical user interface (GUI) applications, access to databases using DAO, RDO, or
ADO, and creation of ActiveX controls and objects.
A programmer can put together an application using the components provided with
Visual Basic itself. Programs written in Visual Basic can also use the Windows API, but
doing so requires external function declarations.

5-1-1FEATURES
Visual Basic was designed to be easy to learn and use. The language not only allows
programmers to easily create simple GUI applications, but also has the flexibility to
develop fairly complex applications as well. Programming in VB is a combination of
visually arranging components or controls on a form, specifying attributes and actions of
those components, and writing additional lines of code for more functionality. Since
default attributes and actions are defined for the components, a simple program can be
created without the programmer having to write many lines of code. Performance
problems were experienced by earlier versions, but with faster computers and native

55
code compilation this has become less of an issue.
Although programs can be compiled into native code executables
from version 5 onwards, they still require the presence of runtime libraries of
approximately 2 MB in size. This runtime is included by default in Windows 2000 and
later, but for earlier versions of Windows it must be distributed together with the
executable.
Forms are created using drag and drop techniques. A tool is used to place controls (e.g.,
text boxes, buttons, etc.) on the form (window). Controls have attributes and event
handlers associated with them. Default values are provided when the control is created,
but may be changed by the programmer. Many attribute values can be modified during
run time based on user actions or changes in the environment, providing a dynamic
application. For example, code can be inserted into the form resize event handler to
reposition a control so that it remains centered on the form, expands to fill up the form,
etc. By inserting code into the event handler for a keypress in a text box, the program
can automatically translate the case of the text being entered, or even prevent certain
characters from being inserted.

5-2 SERIAL COMMUNICATION WITH VISUAL

BASIC 6.0
This chapter discusses how Visual Basic can be used to access serial communication
functions. Windows hides much of the complexity of serial communications and
automatically puts any received characters in a receive buffer and characters sent into a
transmission buffer. The receive buffer can be read by the program whenever it has time
and the transmit buffer is emptied when it is free to send characters.

5-2-1COMMUNICATIONS CONTROL
Visual Basic allows many additional components to be added to the toolbox. The
Microsoft Comm. component is used to add a serial communication facility.In order
to use the Comm. component the files MSCOMM16.OCX (16-bit module) or
MSCOMM32.OCX (for a 32-bit module) must be present in the WINDOWS SYSTEM
directory. The class name is MSComm. The communications control provides the
following two ways for handling communications: Event-driven. Event-driven

56
communications is the best method of handling serial communication as it frees the
computer to do other things. The event can be defined as the reception of a character, a
change in CD (carrier detect) or a change in RTS (request to send). The OnComm event
can be used to capture these events. and also to detect communications errors.
Visual Basic uses the standard Windows drivers for the serial communication ports
(such as serialui.dll and serial.vxd). The communication control is added to the
application for each port. The parameters (such as the bit rate, parity, and so on) can be
changed by selecting Control Panel >System >Device Manager >Ports (COM and
LPT) >Port Settings. The settings of the communications port (the IRQ and the port
address) can be changed by selecting Control Panel >System >Device Manager > Ports
(COM and LPT) > Resources for IRQ and Addresses.

5-2-2 PROPERTIES OF COMMUNICATION PORT

CONTROL

The Comm component is added to a form whenever serial communications are required.
By default, the first created object is named MSComm1 (the second is named
MSComm2, and so on). It can be seen that the main properties of the object are:
Comport, DTREnable, EOFEnable, Handshaking, InBufferSize, Index, InputLen,
InputMode, Left, Name, NullDiscard, OutBufferSize, ParityReplace, RThreshold,
RTSEnable, Settings, SThreshold, Tag and Top.

Settings
The Settings property sets and returns the RS-232 parameters, such as baud rate,
parity, the number of data bit, and the number of stop bits. Its syntax is:

[form.]MSComm.Settings = setStr[$]

where the strStr is a string which contains the RS-232 settings. This string takes the
form:
"BBBB,P,D,S"
where
BBBBdefines the baud rate,

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P the parity,
D the number of data bits, and
S the number of stop bits.
The following lists the valid baud rates (default is 9600Baud):
110, 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 9600, 14400, 19200, 38400, 56000, 128000, 256000.
The valid parity values are (default is N): E (Even), M (Mark), N (None), O (Odd),
S(Space).
The valid data bit values are (default is 8): 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8.
The valid stop bit values are (default is 1). 1, 1.5 or 2.
An example of setting a control port to 4800Baud, even parity, 7 data bits and 1 stop bit
is:

Com1.Settings = "4800,E,7,1"

5-3 COMM PORT

The CommPort property sets and returns the communication port number. Its syntax is:

[form.]MSComm.CommPort = portNumber[%]

which defines the portNumber from a value between 1 and 99. A value of 68 is
returnedif the port does not exist.

PortOpen

The PortOpen property sets and returns the state of the communications port. Its syntax
is:

[form.]MSComm.PortOpen = [{True | False}]

A True setting opens the port, while a False closes the port and clears the receive
andtransmit buffers (this automatically happens when an application is closed).
The following example opens communications port number 1 (COM1:) at 4800 Baud
with even parity, 7 data bits and 1 stop bit:

5-4 INPUTTING DATA

The three main properties used to read data from the receive buffer are Input, InBuffer

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Count and InBufferSize.

Input
The Input property returns and removes a string of characters from the receive buffer. Its
syntax is:

[form.]MSComm.Input
To determine the number of characters in the buffer the InBufferCount property is tested
(to be covered in the next section). Setting InputLen to 0 causes the Input property to
read the entire contents of the receive buffer.
InBufferSize
The InBufferSize property sets and returns the maximum number of characters that can
be received in the receive buffer (by default it is 1024 bytes). Its syntax is:
[form.]MSCommInBufferSize = [numBytes%]
The size of the buffer should be set so that it can store the maximum number of
characters that will be received before the application program can read them from the
buffer.
The InBufferCount property returns the number of characters in the receive buffer. It can
also be used to clear the buffer by setting the number of characters to 0. Its syntax is:
[form.]MSCommInBufferCount= [count%]

5-5 OUTPUTTING DATA

The three main properties used to write data to the transmit buffer are Output,
OutBufferCount and OutBufferSize.
The Output property writes a string of characters to the transmit buffer. Its syntax is:
[form.]MSComm. output= [outString$]
OutBufferSize
The OutBufferSize property sets and returns the number of characters in the transmit
buffer (default size is 512 characters). Its syntax is:
[form.]MSCommOutBuffer size = [NumBytes%]
OutBufferCount
The OutBufferCount property returns the number of characters in the transmit

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buffer.The transmit buffer can also be cleared by setting it to 0. Its syntax is:
[form.]MSCommOutBufferCount. = [0]

5-6 Getting started with PC remote control

For the working of PC remote control we have to attach the PC remote control receiver
circuit to one of the Personal computer COMM port. The PC which we want to control
remotely must have Windows XP and Visual Basic 6 library files so the software of pc
remote control works properly.

➢ Step 1

Attach the PC comm. port 1 or 2 with RS232 connector of PC remote control receiver
Circuit.

➢ Step 2

Run the software of Pc Remote Control.exe

➢ Step 3

Select the availed port

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 ➢ Step 4

Press any key from the remote handset at that time IR receiver module receives the data
sent by remote handset. The microcontroller decodes the infrared signal data and the
microcontroller will sent the infrared Key code to the PC through the Serial port.

➢ Step 5

The PC remote control software receives the Key code through the Component called
MSCOMM which is a component for the Com port control. Through this component we
get the key code and do the appropriate functions.

➢ Step 6

After getting this key code of the Remote control the program compare the key code
with the code present in the program and if they are equal then the corresponding
function was done.

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NOTE: If the software gives an error of missing file "MSCOMM32.ocx", the use
the ox file supplied in the zip file and follows the instructions below:

1. Copy MSCOMM32.ocx in "c:\windows\system" folder.

2. Go to Start-> run and type "regsvr32 mscomm32.ocx" and hit enter.

"It will give you a success dialog.

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References

www.8051projects.info

www.8051projects.net

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