Top Science 3 - Resource Book

Top Science 3 PRIMARY
TEACHERS
RESOURCE BOOK
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Introduction
Top Science 3 Teachers Resource Book provides a range of materials
designed to complement the Students Book and the Teachers Book.
These materials contribute to the flexible nature of Top Science: students
in the same class can be given worksheets at different levels, or weaker
students can complete the tasks with stronger peers. Teachers with more
contact hours can make use of these photocopiable materials
as and when they need them.
There are three categories of worksheets: reinforcement, extension,
and assessment. Use them for revision purposes, for extension
practice, as progress tests, assessment or for homework.
The worksheets can be photocopied and filed in a folder.
Reinforcement and extension worksheets

There are forty reinforcement worksheets. These materials constitute
a flexible tool: they can be worked on after the relevant section
in the Students Book, before the Activities sections, or as extra
preparation for the unit assessment. The answer keys are provided.
There are fifteen double-page extension worksheets, one for each unit
of the Students Book. These worksheets can be used for fast
finishers or to extend class work. Depending on the level of the class,
students can complete the worksheets with or without consulting
their Students Book. The answer keys are provided.
Your body
Name
ReinfoRcement
Our skeleton
Name
Date
EXTENSION
Date
All vertebrate animals have a skeleton.
Remember
The human skeleton is made up of 206 bones.

Bones have many important functions:
The main parts of the human body are the head, trunk and limbs.
They give the body shape.
Organs make your body function. Organs are inside your body.
They support the bodys muscles.

They support the weight of the body.
1
Label the body parts.

head
They protect the vital organs. For example, the skull protects the brain. The ribs protect
the heart and lungs. The spinal column protects the spinal cord.
trunk
1
Label the skeleton with these words.
limbs
Look at the diagram and write examples.
femur
maxilla
humerus
clavicle
sternum
tibia
brain
lung
arm
heart
nasal bone
spinal
column
skull
radius
pelvis
leg
ulna
stomach
ribs
knee
cap
An organ inside your head

An organ inside your trunk
fibula
A lower limb
Top Science 3 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educacin, S.L.
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II
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Diagnostic tests
There are six double-page diagnostic tests. They are to be completed
at the start of the school year to give an indication of the students
basic level of Science and English. The answer keys are provided.
11
Our
skeleton
Our
skeleton
11
DIAGNOSTIC
TESTTEST
DIAGNOSTIC
Name
Name
4 4Which
sense
areare
they
using?
Write.
Which
sense
they
using?
Write.
Date
Date
a a
b b
1 1Match.
Match.
head
head
limbs
limbs
c c
trunk
trunk
e e
d d
2 2Complete
Complete
thethe
sentences.
sentences.
elbow
elbow
joints
joints
knee
knee
Bones
Bones
joinjoin
together
together
at at
. .
YouYou
bend
your
armarm
at the
bend
your
at the
. .
YouYou
bend
bend
your
your
legleg
at the
at the
. .
5 5Label
thethe
diagram.
Label
diagram.
lung
lung
heart
heart
stomach
stomach
3 3Match.
Match.
skull
skull
biceps
biceps
rib rib
pectoral
muscles
pectoral
muscles
tibia
tibia
abdominal
abdominal
muscles
muscles
spinal
spinal
column
column
calfcalf
muscles
muscles
femur
femur
9090
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3 PHOTOCOPIABLE
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2011
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Educacin,
S.L. S.L.
Top Science
3 PHOTOCOPIABLE
MATERIAL
2011
Richmond
Publishing
/ Santillana
Educacin,
6 6Tick
thethe
healthy
habits.
Tick
healthy
habits.
Sleep
less
than
eight
hours
every
night.
Sleep
less
than
eight
hours
every
night.
Drink
very
little
water.
Drink
very
little
water.
EatEat
a varied
diet.
a varied
diet.
Brush
your
teeth
once
a week.
Brush
your
teeth
once
a week.
Have
a bath
or shower
every
day.
Have
a bath
or shower
every
day.
Exercise
often.
Exercise
often.
9191
Top Science
3 PHOTOCOPIABLE
MATERIAL
2011
Richmond
Publishing
/ Santillana
Educacin,
S.L. S.L.
Top Science
3 PHOTOCOPIABLE
MATERIAL
2011
Richmond
Publishing
/ Santillana
Educacin,
Individual results chart

The results chart indicates areas in which the student has achieved
acceptable competence and highlights areas which require additional
practice.
INDIvIDuAL RESuLTS CHART
Name
Date
Yes
NP*
Comments
Yes
Your body
Machines, materials and energy
Identify body parts.
Identify common machines and their

uses.
Name and locate bones, muscles

and joints.
Identify common materials and their

properties.
Name and locate some organs.
Your neighbourhood
NP*
Comments
Know basic facts about the place

where you live.
Distinguish between healthy

and unhealthy habits.
Identify family members.
Identify the sense organs.
Living things
Recognise some road safety rules.
Differentiate between living

and non-living things.
Time and directions
Recognise the characteristics

of the main groups of living things.
use time concepts appropriately.
Classify animals according to their

body, how they move, how they
reproduce and their food.
Order sequences chronologically.
Identify the parts of a plant.
use spatial notions correctly.

Know the points of a compass.
Planet Earth
Recognise the properties of air.
NP: Needs practice.
Identify and describe day and night.

Recognise the properties
and uses of water.
Identify types of landscapes.
Identify landscape features.
Distinguish between natural
and man-made features of landscapes.
102
103
III
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Assessment worksheets
There is a double-page unit assessment worksheet and one multiplechoice test for each unit. In addition, there are three double-page
term assessments and three term tests. There is one double-page
final assessment and a four-page final test.
Unit assessment worksheets

Activities include labelling illustrations and diagrams, filling in the blanks,
matching, True/False, wordsearches, and many more activities.
77
Planet
Earth
Planet
Earth
77
ASSESSmEnt
ASSESSmEnt
Name
Name
6 6Why
Why
it day
in some
places
Earth
night
in other
places?
is itisday
in some
places
on on
Earth
andand
night
in other
places?
Date
Date
1 1Write
Write
T (true)
T (true)
or For(false).
F (false).
planet
Earth.
WeWe
livelive
on on
planet
Earth.
surface
of the
Earth
is covered
with
land
water.
TheThe
surface
of the
Earth
is covered
with
land
andand
water.
7 7Tick
Tick
correct
sentence.
thethe
correct
sentence.
Earth
is surrounded
a layer
of air
called
atmosphere.
TheThe
Earth
is surrounded
by by
a layer
of air
called
thethe
atmosphere.
Most
of the
Earth
is covered
with
land.
Most
of the
Earth
is covered
with
land.
At sunrise,
thethe
SunSun
is in
west
andand
at sunset,
it isit in
east.
At sunrise,
is the
in the
west
at sunset,
is the
in the
east.
At sunrise,
thethe
SunSun
is in
east
andand
at sunset,
it isit in
west.
At sunrise,
is the
in the
east
at sunset,
is the
in the
west.
2 2Match.
Match.
SunSun
A planet
in the
Solar
System.
A planet
in the
Solar
System.
Earth
Earth
Earths
natural
satellite.
TheThe
Earths
natural
satellite.
Moon
Moon
8 8Match.
Match.
map
map
Earth
globe
Earth
globe
closest
to the
Earth.
TheThe
closest
starstar
to the
Earth.
A flat
drawing
which
represents
parts
of the
surface
of the
Earth.
A flat
drawing
which
represents
parts
of the
surface
of the
Earth.
A sphere
which
represents
thethe
Earth
on on
a small
scale.
A sphere
which
represents
Earth
a small
scale.
9 9Label
Label
diagram
of the
Earth.
thethe
diagram
of the
Earth.
3 3Write
rotation
or orbit.
Write
rotation
or orbit.
It takes
It takes
2424
hours.
hours.
Southern
Southern
Hemisphere
Hemisphere
It causes
It causes
thethe
fourfour
seasons.
seasons.
It takes
It takes
365
365
days.
days.
South
Pole
South
Pole
It causes
It causes
dayday
andand
night.
night.
Equator
Equator
4 4Write
Write
rotation
rotation
or orbit
or orbit
under
under
thethe
correct
correct
diagram.
diagram.
North
Pole
North
Pole
Northern
Northern
Hemisphere
Hemisphere
10 10Write
Write
names
of the
continents.
thethe
names
of the
six six
continents.
5 5Write
Write
thethe
names
names
of the
of the
four
four
Moon
Moon
phases.
phases.
120
120
Top Science
3 PHOTOCOPIABLE
MATERIAL
2011
Richmond
Publishing
/ Santillana
Educacin,
Top Science
3 PHOTOCOPIABLE
MATERIAL
2011
Richmond
Publishing
/ Santillana
Educacin,
S.L. S.L.
Top Science
3 PHOTOCOPIABLE
MATERIAL
2011
Richmond
Publishing
/ Santillana
Educacin,
Top Science
3 PHOTOCOPIABLE
MATERIAL
2011
Richmond
Publishing
/ Santillana
Educacin,
S.L. S.L.
121
121
Unit test worksheets

All the unit tests have a multiple-choice format.
Planet Earth
TEST 7
Name
Date
Circle the correct option.

1. The Earth is
6. Asia is
a. a satellite.
a. a continent.
b. a star.
b. an ocean.
c. a planet.
c. an island.
2. The thin layer of air which surrounds

the Earth is called
a. the continent.
7. The Earth orbits

a. itself.
b. the Moon.
b. the ocean.
c. the Sun.
c. the atmosphere.
3. The rotation of the Earth takes
8. Most of the surface of the Earth

iscovered by
a. 28 days.
a. land.
b. a year.
b. water.
c. a day.
c. craters.
4. There are cardinal

points.
a. six
c. the months.
c. five
10. A map is
5. The Moon is
a. the star which orbits the Earth.
b. the planet which orbits the Sun.
c. the natural satellite which orbits
the Earth.
144
a. day and night.

b. the seasons.
b. four
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9. The rotation of the Earth causes
a. a sphere that represents

theEarth.
b. a representation of the Sun,
theEarth and the Moon.
c. a flat drawing that represents
the surface of the Earth.
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Blank illustrations
On pages 181 and 182, there are two illustrations of the human body;
one of the skeleton and one of the muscles. They will help students
develop observation skills, and can be used for revision
or extension or for homework.
Bones
Muscles
181
182
Other resources
Top Science 3 Activity Book
The Activity Book is designed to provide further practice for both the
content and the language objectives of the course. It contains full-colour
illustrations and diagrams, and a range of graded activities to reinforce
the course content and to encourage learner autonomy. There are three
double pages per unit.
At the end of the Activity Book,
there are two Lets do it! and two
Read and do! pages per term,
as well as instructions for students
to make a log book and ideas
for a class quiz and a board game.
V
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Digital resources
i-solutions
Top Science 3 offers 4 CDs designed to bring digital
resources to the classroom. These CDs provide materials
for interactive whiteboard presentations and practice,
hands-on experiments and computer work for students.
CD 1
Digital Flashcards, Posters and Web bank
The flashcard bank has over 200 images which can be
projected onto a whiteboard or printed and used as
conventional flashcards. Each image offers the option of
listening to the audio and viewing the written word.
The digital posters can be printed when required.
The Web bank includes some of the best, free web links
for teaching Science, Geography and History.
These links provide access to valuable resources
to help with lesson planning as well as ways to
personalise classes and cater to students need.
CD 2
Teachers Resource Book and Maps
This CD contains the digital version of the Teachers
Resource Book in PDF format. The worksheets can be
printed for individual use, or projected onto an interactive
whiteboard for group activities. In addition, this CD
provides blank and completed physical and political maps
of the world, Europe and Spain.
CD 3
i-book
The i-book provides the core course material of the
Teachers Book and the Students Book in interactive
format. It can be used in the classroom or for class
planning.
CD 4
Interactive Whiteboard (IWB) Activities
There are three interactive activities per unit on this CD.
These can be used to help reinforce the main concepts
ofeach unit in a different and fun way.
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Contents
Worksheets
REINFORCEMENT WORKSHEETS . . . . . . . . . . . . .
EXTENSION WORKSHEETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
ASSESSMENT WORKSHEETS
Diagnostic tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Individual results chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Unit assessments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Unit tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Term assessments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Term tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Final assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
Final test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Answer keys
REINFORCEMENT WORKSHEETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
EXTENSION WORKSHEETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
ASSESSMENT WORKSHEETS
Diagnostic tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Unit assessments and tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Term assessments and tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Final assessment and test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Blank illustrations . . . . . . . . . 181-182
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Reinforcement worksheets
1 Your body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
21 Water in nature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2 Bones, muscles and joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
22 The water cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
3 You grow and change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
23 Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4 Sight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
24 Weather and climate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
5 Hearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
25 Weather and the seasons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
6 Smell, taste and touch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
26 Mountain landscapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
7 Nutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
27 Flat land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
8 Sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
28 Coastal landscapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
9 Reproduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
29 Rivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
10 Mammals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
30 Villages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
11 Reptiles and birds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
31 Cities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
12 Fish and amphibians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
32 Crop farming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
13 Invertebrate animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
33 Stockbreeding and fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
14 Insects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
34 Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
15 Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
35 Trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
16 Simple and compound machines . . . . . . . . . 24
36 Transport and communications . . . . . . . . . . 44
17 The Earth, the Sun and the Moon . . . . . . . . . 25
37 Local government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
18 The Earth and the Moon move . . . . . . . . . . . 26
38 Municipal services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
19 Maps and globes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
39 The passing of time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
20 The different states of water . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
40 The past and present of cities and villages . . . . 48
ANSWER KEYS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
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Your body
Name
Reinforcement
Date
Remember
The main parts of the human body are the head, trunk and limbs.
Organs make your body function. Organs are inside your body.
Label the body parts.

head
trunk
limbs
Look at the diagram and write examples.

brain
lung
arm
heart
leg
stomach
An organ inside your head
An organ inside your trunk
A lower limb
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Bones, muscles and joints
Name
Reinforcement
Date
Remember
Bones are hard, strong, rigid organs. They form the skeleton.
Bones join together at joints.
Muscles are attached to the bones and help them to move. Muscles are flexible.
Use the key and colour the diagram.

yellow
bones
red
muscles
Complete the sentences.

muscles
Bones join together at
joints
bones
form the skeleton.

.
help the bones to move. They are flexible

organs which are attached to the bones.
Write the names of the joints.

C
B
A.
B.
C.
D.
E
10
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You grow and change
Name
Reinforcement
Date
Remember
There are four main stages throughout your life: childhood, adolescence,
adulthood and old age.
Match.
adolescence
old age
childhood
adulthood
Now, write the stages of life in order.
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
Read and circle the correct description.

childhood
adolescence
adulthood
old age
Milk teeth fall out, and permanent teeth grow.

A boys voice gets deeper.
The first stage of life.
Your body prepares to become an adult.
Many changes take place.
We can have children.
Our bones become fragile. Our muscles are weaker.
We grow very rapidly.
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Sight
Reinforcement
Name
Date
Remember
The sense of sight is used to distinguish shapes, colours, size and distance.
Theeyes are the sense organs of sight.
The retina captures light from an object. This information is sent to the brain
through the optic nerve. The brain interprets the information.
Label the parts of the eye.

First, light passes through the c . It is transparent.
Then, light passes through the p , the hole in the centre of the iris.
The i is the coloured ring that controls the level of light.
The l helps the eye to focus.
Finally, the r
captures light from an object.
Information is sent to the brain through the o n .
12
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Hearing
Reinforcement
Name
Date
Remember
Hearing is the sense you use to capture sounds.
Ears are the sense organs of hearing.
The ears capture sound vibrations and send them to the brain.
Colour the words related to hearing.

optic nerve
sound
retina
light
inner ear
vibration
pinna
middle ear
Label the parts of the ear.

ear drum
pinna
small bones
cochlea
Match.
The ear drum
vibrates when sound reaches it.
The cochlea
sends the information to the brain.
The small bones
receives the sound vibrations.
The auditory nerve
make the sound louder.
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Smell, taste and touch
Name
Reinforcement
Date
Remember
The sense of smell allows you to capture odours. The sense organ of smell is
inside your nose.
The sense of taste allows you to capture flavours of food. Your tongue is the main
sense organ of taste.
The sense of touch allows you to identify characteristics of the objects around you.
Your skin in the sense organ of touch.
Complete the chart.

Smell
Taste
Touch
The sense organ is

It allows you to capture or identify
2
Match the three columns.

taste buds
skin
captures flavours of food
nasal lining
tongue
distinguishes hot or cold
sense organ of touch
nose
captures odours
Circle the senses that you use to identify these objects.

A
sight sound smell taste touch

B
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Nutrition
Reinforcement
Name
Date
Remember
Nutrition is a life process. Nutrition provides energy and nutrients so you can grow
and be healthy.
All animals eat other living things. Animals can be herbivores, carnivores or omnivores.
Plants produce their own food through photosynthesis.
Colour the correct word. Then write the sentence.

Nutrition provides your body with electricity
energy and nutrients.

2
Look at the diagram about nutrition in plants. Then, answer.

light
What do plants need to produce their own food?

carbon dioxide
How do plants take in water and mineral salts?

mineral
salts
water
How do plants take in carbon dioxide?

Match.

Carnivores
eat other animals and plants.
Herbivores
eat other animals.
Omnivores
eat plants.
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Sensitivity
Reinforcement
Name
Date
Remember
Sensitivity means the ability to respond to changes in the environment.
People and animals use sense organs, muscles and the nervous system
torespond to the environment.
Write yes or no.

Animals
Plants
Do they have sense organs?

Can they move?
Do they have sensitivity?
2
Complete the chart.
People and animals respond to their environment.

They use
sense organs
which are
eyes

The

The most important
part is
the brain

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Reproduction
Reinforcement
Name
Date
Remember
Reproduction is the ability of all living things to produce new living things of their
own kind.
Reproduction can be sexual or asexual.

Most plants have
in the
reproduction. This takes place

, which have a male and a
Other plants have

or
2
reproduction, without flowers

. These plants can grow from
Are these oviparous or viviparous animals?
part.
Are these examples of sensitivity or reproduction?

A
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10
Mammals
Reinforcement
Name
Date
Remember
Mammals are vertebrates. Most mammals use their legs to move around. They
breathe through lungs. Their skin is usually covered with fur or hair. Mammals are
viviparous. Baby mammals drink their mothers milk.
Circle eight words in the wordsearch. Then, complete the text.
hair
legs
fins
vertebrate
viviparous
lungs
milk
wings
Mammals
Mammals are
animals because they have a skeleton made
up of bones.
They breathe through . Their skin is usually covered with fur
or . They are
because they are born from
their mothers womb. Baby mammals drink their mothers .

Most mammals live on land and use their
to move around.
Marine mammals, like dolphins or whales, live in the ocean. They swim using
their . Flying mammals use their
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to fly.
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Reptiles and birds
Reinforcement
Name
Date
Remember
Reptiles breathe through lungs and have skin covered with scales. Most of them
live on land and walk using their legs. They are oviparous.
Birds breathe through lungs and have skin covered with feathers. They have two
wings to fly and two legs. They hatch from eggs.
Complete the chart.

They breathe
through
Reptiles
Birds
They have skin

covered with
They move around

using their
The offspring
hatches from
scales
lungs
Answer the questions.

Are birds vertebrates? Explain.

Do birds have scales? Where?

Are reptiles oviparous? Explain.

How do birds take care of their offspring?

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Fish and amphibians
Name
Reinforcement
Date
Remember
Fish are aquatic animals. They breathe in oxygen from water using their gills. Their
bodies are covered with shiny scales. They swim using their fins. Fish are
oviparous. They lay many small eggs in water.
Amphibians breathe in oxygen through lungs and through their skin. They have
bare skin. They have four legs. Amphibians are oviparous. When they are born,
they live in water. The adults live on land.
Where do fish and amphibians live?

fish

amphibians
2
Complete the animal index cards.
Group:
Breathing:
Body covering:
Movement:
Reproduction:
Group:
Breathing:
Body covering:
Movement:
Reproduction:
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Invertebrate animals
Name
Reinforcement
Date
Remember
Invertebrate animals do not have a spinal column.
There are many different groups of invertebrates, for example: jellyfish, worms,
molluscs, arthropods and insects.
What do all invertebrates have in common?

Circle the correct word. Then write the sentences.

Jellyfish have tentacles / legs. Their bodies look like jelly / rocks.

Worms have soft / hard bodies. They are round / long and thin.

All molluscs have hard / soft bodies. They usually have shells / scales.

Spiders have eight / six legs.

How many invertebrate animals can you think of? Write their names.

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Insects
Name
Reinforcement
Date
Remember
Insects are the largest group of animals. They are invertebrates.
Insects are oviparous. They have two antennae, six legs and four wings.
Insects bodies have three parts: the head, the thorax and the abdomen.
Label the parts of the insect.

head thorax abdomen wing leg antenna
Answer.
What are the three main parts of an insects body?

How many legs have insects got?

How many wings have insects got?

How are insects born?

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Machines
Reinforcement
Name
Date
Remember
Machines are devices that allow you to work better, faster and easier.
They help you save time and energy.
Machines need energy in order to function.
How do these machines function? Use the key and circle.

red
energy from electricity
blue
energy from people
Choose two machines from Activity 1. Explain what they are used for.
We use
for

We use
for

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Simple and compound machines
Name
Reinforcement
Date
Remember
Machines can be simple or compound.
Simple machines have one or few parts. They work with one movement.
Compound machines are made up of two or more simple machines working
together.
Complete the chart.

compound
few
simple
many
have parts.
Types
of machines
have parts.
Use the key and circle the machines.

red
simple machines
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blue
compound machines
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The Earth, the Sun and the Moon
Name
Reinforcement
Date
Remember
Earth is a planet. There is water and land on the surface of the Earth.
The Sun is a star. It is the closest star to the Earth.
The Moon is the Earths natural satellite. The Moon orbits the Earth.
Write the names.
Look at the illustrations. Write planet, star or satellite.

B
Use the key and colour.

light blue
the atmosphere
dark blue
the oceans
brown
the continents
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The Earth and the Moon move
Name
Reinforcement
Date
Remember
The Earth rotates on its axis. This rotation causes day and night.
The Earth orbits the Sun. An Earth revolution causes the four seasons.
There are four Moon phases: full moon, waning moon, waxing moon
and new moon.
Write rotation or revolution.
Match.
full moon
A
waning moon
waxing moon
C
new moon
Match.
The rotation of the Earth causes
the seasons.
One complete rotation of the Earth takes
365 days.
Earth revolution causes
day and night.
One Earth revolution takes
24 hours.
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Maps and globes
Reinforcement
Name
Date
Remember
Earth globes are spheres. They are the most accurate way to represent
the planet Earth.
Maps are flat drawings that represent parts of the surface of the Earth.
World maps represent the entire planet.
Match the names to the Earth globe.

North Pole
South Pole
Equator
Northern Hemisphere
Southern Hemisphere
Write the names of the oceans and continents.

Continents
Oceans
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
I
E
P
O
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The different states of water
Name
Reinforcement
Date
Remember
Water can exist in three different states: solid, liquid and gaseous.
A change of state occurs when water cools or heats up. The changes of state
of water happen with melting, freezing, evaporation and condensation.

solid
Water vapour is water in a
state.
Snow is water in a
state.
River water is water is a
state.
gaseous
Match.
evaporation
liquid
freezing
melting

heat water
freeze water
melt ice
To make water vapour, you

To make ice, you
To make liquid water from ice, you
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Water in nature
Name
Reinforcement
Date
Remember
Water is found in:
seas, oceans, rivers, streams and lakes.
aquifers and underground rivers.
mountain regions, the North Pole and South Pole, as snow and ice.
clouds, as water droplets.
Find all the places with water. Colour them blue.
Now label the illustration with these words.

snow aquifer sea river lake
2
Look at Activity 1. Where can you find water in a liquid state?

Where can you find water in a solid state?
water in a liquid state
water in a solid state
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The water cycle
Reinforcement
Name
Date
Remember
Water is continually moving around the Earth, changing from one state to another.
This causes the water cycle.
Look at the water cycle. Number the sentences in order.
1
4
5
Rain falls into the rivers and flows to the sea.

1 Water from the sea heats up and evaporates.
Water from the clouds falls as rain, snow or hail.

Water vapour rises in the air. It condenses and forms clouds.
The wind moves the clouds over the land.
Some rain goes into the ground as groundwater.
Now, copy the sentences in order.
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Air
Reinforcement
Name
Date
Remember
Air is the mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth and makes up the
atmosphere. The main gases in air are nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Air is invisible. Air has no shape. Air has weight. Air moves and occupies space.
Circle the things that need air to live or function.
Match.
Air has no shape.
Air occupies space.
Air has weight.
Write T (true) or F (false).

Air is a liquid.
We can hear better without air.
The lower part of the atmosphere contains the air we breathe.
Nitrogen is the most abundant gas in air.
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Weather and climate
Reinforcement
Name
Date
Remember
Weather is the state of the atmosphere at a particular time and place.
Weather refers to temperature, precipitation and wind.
Climate is the typical weather conditions in one area over a long period of time.
Different parts of the Earth have different climates.
Match.
breeze
Water that falls to the Earth as a liquid.
hail
Water that falls to the Earth as small pieces of ice.
hurricane
A very light wind.
rain
An extremely strong wind with rain.

2
Circle the correct words.

A
Mountain climates have low / high temperatures.

It snows / doesnt snow a lot in winter.
Coastal climates have mild / very hot

temperatures all year round.
C
Continental climates have low / high temperatures

in winter and low / high temperatures in summer.
It rains / doesn't rain a lot.
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Weather and the seasons
Name
Reinforcement
Date
Remember
Weather changes with each season.
Winter is the coldest season. It can snow.
Spring is the mildest season. It often rains.
Summer is the hottest season. It doesnt rain very much.
Autumn has mild temperatures at the beginning.
Temperatures get colder towards the end. It often rains.
Write the seasons.
Complete the chart.

Precipitation
Temperatures
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
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Mountain landscapes
Reinforcement
Name
Date
Remember
Mountain landscapes consist of mountains and valleys.
Mountains are high areas of land with steep sides.
Valleys are areas of flat land between mountains.
Label the illustration with these words.

mountain
foot
summit
slope
valley

summit valleys mountains
Mountain landscapes consist of

are areas of flat land between mountains.
The
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and valleys.
is the highest part of a mountain.

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Flat land
Reinforcement
Name
Date
Remember
Plains, moors and flood plains are different types of flat lands.
Tick the true sentences. Then, answer the question.
There are motorways.
There are mountains.
There is a river.
There is a train.
There are farms.
There is a city.
Is this a mountain landscape or flat land? Explain.

2
What can you see in each landscape? Circle A or B.

A
Mountain landscape
A B
Valley
A B
Flat land
A B
Crops
A B
Summit
A B
Flood plain
A B
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Coastal landscapes
Reinforcement
Name
Date
Remember
Coastal landscapes are areas of land near the sea.
The land can be high or low. Coastal landscapes can have cliffs or beaches.

cape
bay
island
beach
cliff

2
Match.
A narrow piece of land surrounded
by water on three sides.
island
A small gulf.
bay
A large piece of land that sticks

out into the sea.
cape
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An area of land completely

surrounded by water.
peninsula
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Rivers
Reinforcement
Name
Date
Remember
A river is a large, flowing body of water. A river begins at its source
in the mountains. A river ends at its mouth at the sea.
A river bed is the ground over which a river flows.
The flow is the volume of water in a river.
The course is the journey from the source to the mouth. There are three parts:
the upper course, the middle course and the lower course.

upper course
middle course
lower course


river bed
flow
course
The
is the ground over which a river flows.
The
is the journey from the source to the mouth.
The
is the volume of water in a river.
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30
Villages
Reinforcement
Name
Date
Remember
Villages have a small population.
The houses in villages are low, and the streets are short and narrow.
There are villages in the mountains, on the plains and on the coast.
Write mountain, plain or coast.
Read and tick the correct place.

Mountain
villages
Villages
on the plains
Coastal
villages
The houses have sloped roofs

so the snow falls off.
Many villagers work in hotels and
restaurants. Some are fishermen.
Many villagers take care of forests.
The streets are steep and narrow.
The streets are straight.
Many villagers work on farms.
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Cities
Reinforcement
Name
Date
Remember
Cities have a large population.
Many buildings are tall. The streets are long and wide.
Cities have three main parts: the historic centre, the modern district and the suburbs.
Read and tick the correct place.

City
Village
The population is small.

The streets are wide and long.
The population is large.
The streets are short and generally lead to the main square.
2
Tick the correct answer.

The historic centre:
The streets are narrow. There are historic monuments.
The streets are wide. There are tall buildings.
The modern district:
The streets are narrow and the buildings are not very tall.
This area often surrounds the city centre.
The suburbs:
These are residential areas away from the centre.
This is usually the oldest part of the city.
Is this the historic centre or the modern district? Explain.

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Crop farming
Reinforcement
Name
Date
Remember
Crop farmers grow plants for food.
Dry farming is a method of growing crops in dry areas. Dry crops do not need
a lot of water to grow.
Irrigation means watering plants with water from rivers or lakes. Some crops
which need irrigation are vegetables, fruit, rice and corn.
Write dry farming or irrigation.
Complete the chart.

irrigation
vegetables, fruit and corn
olive trees, wheat and oats
Crop farming
can be
dry farming
for example

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for example
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Stockbreeding and fishing
Name
Reinforcement
Date
Remember
Stockbreeders breed livestock for their meat, milk, eggs and skins. Livestock
includes cattle, sheep, pigs and poultry.
There are two types of stockbreeding: intensive farming and free-range farming.
Fishermen catch fish in rivers and in the sea. There are two types of sea fishing:
coastal fishing and deep-sea fishing.

Catching fish and shellfish in rivers
and the sea.
fishing
stockbreeding
Places where farmers breed fish

and shellfish.
barns
fish farms
Farmers breed animals for their

meat, milk, eggs and skin.
stockbreeding
crop farming
Stockbreeding where animals live

in pens and barns.
intensive farming
free-range farming
coastal fishing
deep-sea fishing
Fishing in the sea with big boats.

2
Look at the illustrations. Answer the questions.
What are the two types of sea fishing?

Describe them.

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Services
Reinforcement
Name
Date
Remember
The people who work in services do not make objects or products. They help
people by providing a service.
Services can be public or private.
Which people work in services? Circle them.

Ann is a bus driver. She works for the city government.
She works in farming / services.
Police services are private / public services.
Transport services / Communications services move
passengers and merchandise from one place to another.
Complete the chart with these words.

nursemusician headmaster actor teacher reporter doctor radio announcer
Type of service
educational
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health
communications
cultural
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Trade
Reinforcement
Name
Date
Remember
Trade is the buying and selling of products.
Producers make products. Consumers buy the products. Traders are
the intermediaries between producers and consumers.
There are two types of traders: wholesalers and retailers.
Answer.
What is trade?

Name the three divisions of trade:

What types of traders are there?

What forms of payment are there?

Complete the chart with these words.

A wholesaler
A producer
A consumer
A retailer
Trade
makes the product

and sells it to the
wholesaler.
buys the product

from the producer
and sells it to the
retailer.

buys the product
from the wholesaler
and sells it to the
consumer.
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43

buys the product
from the retailer.
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Transport and communications
Name
Reinforcement
Date
Remember
Means of transport move people and merchandise from one place to another.
They can be public or private.
Means of communication allow us to send information from one place to another.
They are two types: personal and the media.
Read, then write the means of transport.
Private transport: they travel on roads and motorways.

Public transport: they travel on railway tracks.
Public transport: they travel along flight paths. They take off from airports.
Public transport: they travel along sea routes. They leave from seaports.
2
Match and write two sentences.

We use individual
communication,
to send
information
to a few people.
to send information
to many people
at the same time.
for example,
telephones,
letters, faxes
and e-mail,
for example,
newspapers,
television,
radio and the Internet,
We use
the media,

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Local government
Name
Reinforcement
Date
Remember
The mayor and the local councillors make up the local council.
Local councils meet in town halls. They organise the municipal services which
everyone needs.
Every four years citizens elect local councillors.
Circle the correct words. Then, copy the sentences.

Local councils / citizens organise the municipal services which everyone needs.

Citizens / Mayors elect the local councillors.

The mayor / local councillor is the head of the local council.

Explain how a mayor is elected.

Every four years, citizens elect local councillors.
mayor
The candidates

local councillors
After the elections, the new local councillors

citizens
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Municipal services
Name
Reinforcement
Date
Remember
Local councils organise the municipal services which everyone needs.
Municipal services include food hygiene inspection services, police and fire
services, sanitation services, town planning and highway services and cultural
and recreational services.
Answer.
What are municipal services?

What types of municipal services are there?

Circle three problems

this town has.

The municipal service responsible for public libraries and museums:
highway services.
cultural services.
The municipal service responsible for collecting rubbish:

sanitation services.
cultural services.
The municipal service responsible for painting zebra crossings:

highway services.
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fire services.
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The passing of time
Reinforcement
Name
Date
Remember
Time is divided into past, present and future.
We measure short periods of time in days, weeks, months and years. We measure
long periods of time in decades, centuries and millenniums.
Historical records give us information about the past. They can be written, pictorial
or physical.
Write three things about your past.
One week ago
One month ago
One year ago

Match and write.

pictorial
written
physical
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The past and present

of cities and villages
Name
Reinforcement
Date
Remember
Cities and villages change with time.
You can find out about the past by visiting historic remains and monuments
or looking at historical records, such as old photographs.
Use the key and circle the illustrations.

red
thousands of years ago
blue
hundreds of years ago
green nowadays
Where people lived.
How people travelled.
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Extension worksheets
1 Our skeleton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
2 Our sight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
3 Get moving! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
4 How animals protect themselves from the cold . 56
5 Head-foot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
6 The wheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
7 Flat or round? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
8 How does drinking water get to our homes? . . 64
9 Weather maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
10 Iceland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
11 Villages and cities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
12 Potatoes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
13 World Heritage Cities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
14 Town halls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
15 Art museums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
ANSWER KEYS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
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Our skeleton
Name
EXTENSION
Date
All vertebrate animals have a skeleton.

The human skeleton is made up of 206 bones.
Bones have many important functions:
They give the body shape.
They support the bodys muscles.
They support the weight of the body.
They protect the vital organs. For example, the skull protects the brain. The ribs protect
the heart and lungs. The spinal column protects the spinal cord.
1
Label the skeleton with these words.

femur
maxilla
humerus
clavicle
sternum
tibia
nasal bone
spinal
column
skull
radius
pelvis
ulna
ribs
knee
cap
fibula
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1
2
Classify the bones.

skull
sternum
pelvis
knee cap
clavicle
tibia
nasal bone
radius
maxilla
Trunk
Limbs
Head
Complete the text.

Our skeleton is made up of 206
. Bones have many
important functions.
The skeleton supports our
and gives it shape.
The
protect the heart and lungs.
The
protects the brain.
The
protects the spinal cord.
Bones have different shapes and sizes.

The longest bone is the
The smallest bones are the

the
and the
,
.
They are located in the ear.

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Our sight
Name
EXTENSION
Date
We can see because our brain interprets the information it receives from our eyes.
First, the eyes capture an image from the outside world.
Then, the eyes convert this information into nerve impulses. Nerve impulses
are small electric currents than run through our nerves.
After that, the nerves carry this information to the brain.
Finally, the brain receives and interprets this information. This is how we see.
Sometimes the brain interprets the information it receives from the eyes in a different
way. This produces an optical illusion: we see something differently from reality.
An optical illusion is not real.
1
Number the illustrations in order.
Explain in your own words how the sense of sight works.

52
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2
2
Look at the illustrations and choose the correct answer.

A
Which line appears longer?
Which black circle appears bigger?
Look closely at these optical illusions. Then, describe each one.

Look at the drawing. Very slowly, move the paper closer to your face
until it touches your nose.
Where is the candle? On the left or right side of the line?

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Get moving!
EXTENSION
Name
Date
Some animals stay in one place all their lives. They do not move. For example, sponges
and barnacles live attached to rocks. However, most animals can move around,
and they do it in different ways.
Birds, bats and insects fly.
Lizards and crocodiles crawl.
Fish, whales and sea turtles swim.
Humans, ostriches and mice walk.
Snakes slither.
Animals move at different speeds. Walking at a normal pace, human beings usually
walk five or six kilometres per hour. Some animals can travel in one hour a distance
that takes other animals a whole year! Here are some examples:
ANIMALS
SPEED
on land
in the air
in water
The slowest
Sloths move
at12metres
per hour.
Small flies move

at 35 metres per
hour.
Perches swim
at 2.10 kilometres
per hour.
The fastest
Cheetahs can run

at 100 kilometres
per hour.
Falcons can fly

at 300 kilometres
per hour.
Sailfish can swim

at 110 kilometres
per hour.
Match.
A
It flies.
C
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It swims.
It walks.
D
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3
2
Draw these animals.

An owl
A kangaroo
A snake
Write how each one moves.

3

All living things carry out life processes. Which life process is related to movement? Explain.

What living things cannot move? How do they carry out the life process of sensitivity?

Identify two living things that you can find in your school playground or garden.
Explain how they carry out the life function of sensitivity.

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How animals
protect themselves from the cold
Name
EXTENSION
Date
During the winter, the days get shorter

and the temperatures drop. So, animals need
to protect themselves from the cold.
Some animals, such as rabbits, dogs, cats and polar
bears, grow thicker fur to keep them warm.
Some animals hibernate. This means they sleep during
the coldest months of the year. For example, squirrels,
bears, turtles, bats and frogs hibernate and sleep
all winter.
Some animals migrate. This means they travel long
distances to find warmer climates. For example, storks,
antelopes, whales, swallows and ducks migrate.
Write a definition for these words.

Hibernate

Migrate

Use the key and circle the illustrations.

blue
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migrate
red
hibernate
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4
3
Write three characteristics for each animal.

What characteristic do these animals have in common?

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Head-foot
Name
EXTENSION
Date
Cephalopods are animals such as squids, octopuses and cuttlefish.

These sea creatures are unusual because their feet, which are
actually long tentacles, surround their mouth and are attached
totheir heads. Cephalopod means head-foot.
Did you know that the octopus is one of the most intelligent
ofall the invertebrates in the marine world? Octopuses also have
excellent eyesight, although they cannot hear.
An octopuss soft body looks like a large bag. It lives on the ocean
floor, and its eight tentacles help it to move about and catch food.
An octopus moves by jet propulsion: it sucks water in then squirts
itout of its head so fast that it moves through the water!
Octopuses protect themselves in two ways. They squirt dark ink
which blinds their enemies and gives them time to escape. They
also change the colour of their skin so that they blend in with their
surroundings. This helps them hide from their enemies.
1

What does cephalopod mean?

Are cephalopods vertebrates or invertebrates? Explain.

Are all marine animals invertebrates? Explain.

Name three other animals that can swim.

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2

Octopuses are one of the most intelligent
invertebrates in the marine world.
Octopuses are blind.
Octopuses move using their fins.
Octopuses can change the colour of their
skin for protection.
Classify these invertebrate animals.

bee
clam
worm
jellyfish
squid
caterpillar
dragonfly
moth
scorpion
air
water
land
Complete the chart with information about four invertebrate animals.

Animal
How it moves
Where it lives
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The wheel
EXTENSION
Name
Date
The wheel is one of the most important inventions

of all time. It changed our means of transport forever.
The wheel is a simple machine that was invented
over 5,000 years ago. It consists of a disk that turns
onanaxle. The first wheels were simple disks
made ofsolid wood. Wheels with spokes were invented
over 1,000 years later.
Later, wheels were made of metal. This allowed heavy
objects to be moved from one place to another.
After that, metal wheels were covered with rubber
and cork. These wheels are still used today because
they are so light and resilient.
Circle the illustration of the most ancient wheel.

A
Why do you think this is the oldest wheel?

2
Think about life before the invention of the wheel. How do you think people
moved heavy objects?

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6
3
Circle five means of transport that use wheels.

R
Name a means of transport that does not use wheels. Explain how it moves.

4
What means of transport do these wheels belong to? Write.

A

D
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Flat or round?
Name
EXTENSION
Date
Today, everybody knows the Earth is round.

However, hundreds of years ago, people believed
the Earth was flat.
When we look at the horizon, from where
we are the Earth seems flat. When we look
up at the Sun, the stars and the planets,
they seem to orbit the Earth. People believed
this was true for a long, long time.
In the 16th century, two navigators from
Portugal and Spain wanted to prove
that the world was not flat. So, they
sailed around the world.
This is how Hernando Magallanes and Juan
Sebastin Elcano proved that the Earth is round.
Tick the true sentence.

The Earth is flat.
The Sun, the stars and the planets orbit the Earth.
Navigators from the 16th century proved that the Earth is round.
It is impossible to know the shape of the Earth.
Imagine you are in outer space. What does the Earth look like?
Describe its shape. Describe the colour of the continents and oceans.

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3
Imagine that the Earth is flat. Could we travel around the world by boat?
What would happen?

Read the definition and write the correct word. Then, circle the same words
in the wordsearch.
The natural satellite of the Earth.
The movement of the Earth on its axis.
The movement of the Earth around the Sun.
Life on Earth is possible thanks to this star.
The third planet from the Sun in the Solar System.
The layer of air that surrounds the Earth.
The largest planet in the Solar System.
Write the names of the eight planets in our Solar System.

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How does drinking

water get to our homes?
Name
EXTENSION
Date
River water collects in reservoirs. This water is not

clean and it is not safe to drink.
First, this water goes to treatment plants through
pipes. Here it is cleaned of impurities.
Once it is safe to drink, this water is distributed
to homes through pipes.
Used water from our homes is collected through anetwork of sewers.
Then it flows to treatment plants to be cleaned of impurities again.
Finally, the treated water goes back into rivers. Sometimes, it is recycled
and used for watering parks and gardens.
1

Where is river water collected?

Where is water cleaned?

How is water distributed to our homes?

What happens to water after we use it in our homes?

What is drinking water?

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8
3
Use the key and circle the water pipes. Answer the question.
red
pipes carrying clean water
blue
pipes carrying used water
Which rooms have taps?

4
All living things need water, but water is scarce. What can we do to save water?
Write three ideas.

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Weather maps
EXTENSION
Name
Date
Weather maps use different symbols to represent weather conditions. These maps
show us what the weather will be like in different places.
The key below explains the meaning of each symbol.
means it will be sunny.
For example, the symbol
means it will be both sunny and cloudy.
The symbol
Look at the maps and answer the questions.

6th August
sunny
and cloudy
6th January
sunny
windy
rainy
cloudy
foggy
snowy
What day did it rain most?

What day did it snow?
What day was it sunnier?
What day was it hotter?
How do you know?
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2
Look at the maps. Read what each person says and draw the correct weather symbols.
sunny
foggy
rainy
snowy
windy
stormy
N
W E
S
Today, it will be snowy

in the North. It will be
sunny in the West. It will be
foggy in the South. It will
be rainy in the East.
N
W E
S
Tomorrow, it will be stormy

in the North. It will be windy in
the East. It will be foggy in the
West. It will be sunny
in the South.
What was the weather like yesterday where you live?

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10
Iceland
EXTENSION
Name
Date
In the North of Europe, there is a large island called Iceland.

The Vikings lived in this country hundreds of years ago.
Iceland gets its name because it has a lot of glaciers.
Iceland is a volcanic island. There are over 30 active
volcanoes on it. It also has many glaciers, hot water
springs and geysers. Geysers look like fountains
of hot water. They are really underground springs of hot
water that shoot jets of water and steam high into the air.
Iceland
The landscape of Iceland is amazing. Astronauts say that

it looks like the Moons landscape because it has so many
craters, lava deserts and plains covered with volcanic ash.
Iceland also has magnificent rivers, waterfalls and fields
covered with green moss. You cannot find those on the Moon!
Fishing is the most important industry in Iceland. Farming
is difficult because the land is not very fertile and the climate
is also very cold.
1
Spain

How did Iceland get its name?

Look at the map. Where is Iceland?

What are geysers?

Describe the landscape of Iceland.

Explain why agriculture is not an important industry in Iceland.

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2
Compare the landscape of Iceland and the Moon.

Similarities

Differences

Look at the wordsearch. Circle three Balearic Islands and three Canary Islands.
L
Balearic Islands
Canary Islands
Menorca
Mallorca
Ibiza
Lanzarote
La Palma
Tenerife
Cabrera
La Gomera
El Hierro
Fuerteventura
Gran Canaria
Formentera
Cross out the word that does not belong. Explain why.
cape gulf moor
The odd one out is
peninsula
because

slope foot summit bay
The odd one out is
because

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11
Villages and cities
EXTENSION
Name
Date
Many towns and villages in Spain are

thousands of years old. However, they
have grown in different ways.
Some developed rapidly and became rich.
Thousands of people from different places
moved there to find jobs. As a result,
these villages grew into cities with tall
buildings, wide streets and industries
and services.
Other villages have not grown. In fact,
some villages are almost empty now.
The villagers have moved away to cities
in search of better opportunities.

Why does the population of a place grow?

Imagine you want to move from a village to a big city. Give three reasons why.

Colour the services you can find in your town or village.

car park
university
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hospital
park
school
library
cinema
museum
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3
Look at the map. Write the letter and number for the location of the places.
C
library
stadium
town hall
cathedral
university
railway station
university
town hall
railway station
library
Look at the map. Use the key and colour the routes.
red
from the library to the town hall
blue
from the station to the stadium
green
from the university to town hall
Draw two more services on the map. Write the names and coordinates.

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12
Potatoes
Name
EXTENSION
Date
Potatoes are one of the most popular foods in the world.

You can eat them fried, boiled or baked, and theyre always
delicious. But this popular vegetable was unknown in Europe
600 years ago.
Potatoes originally come from South America. Spanish explorers
brought the first potato plants back with them to Spain.
If you want to grow potatoes, you need to follow these steps
carefully.
Prepare the soil. Clear out stones and weeds in late winter.
Fertilise. Add compost or fertiliser to the soil in early spring.
This helps the plants to grow bigger.
Plough. Dig and turn the soil in early spring.
Plant. Plant the seeds in the soil in spring.
Harvest. Your potatoes will be ready to eat in the summer. Dig them
up with a fork.

Potatoes are originally from:
Spain.
Europe.
America.
Plant potato seeds in:
spring.
winter.
autumn.
Harvest potatoes in:
winter.
spring.
summer.
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2
Look at the illustration.

Where do potatoes grow?

Are potatoes roots, leaves or stem tubers?

Look at the pictures. Write the words. Put the pictures in order.
prepare the soil
fertilise
plant
harvest
FERTILISER
Six hundred years ago, nobody ate potatoes in Europe. Explain.

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13
World Heritage Cities
EXTENSION
Name
Date
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)

is an agency of the United Nations. Its purpose is to help promote peace
and security in the world through the promotion of education, science, and culture.
UNESCO chooses which cities receive the title of World Heritage Cities.
These cities are places of special significance that need to be preserved for future
generations. In Spain, 13 cities have received this title.
World Heritage Cities in Spain
LITY
INCIPA
RIA
QUE
THE PR TURIAS
Y
TAB
BAS RY
N
NIT
E
OF AS
A
TH UNT
C
MU RE
Santiago
O
M
C
R
O
E C VA
de
TH F NA
O
Compostela
RIOJA
CASTILE-LEON
GALICIA
ARAGON
Segovia
Salamanca
Alcala de Henares
Avila THE COMMUNITY
OF MADRID
Cuenca
Toledo
Caceres
Merida
CATALONIA
Tarragona
THE COMMUNITY
OF VALENCIA
THE BALEARIC
ISLANDS
CASTILE-LA MANCHA
Ibiza
EXTREMADURA
THE
REGION
OF MURCIA
Cordoba
ANDALUSIA
THE CANARY ISLANDS

San Cristobal
de la Laguna
Ceuta
Melilla
Key
World Heritage Cities in Spain.
Look at the map and the key. Write the names of the World Heritage Cities in Spain.

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2
Choose a World Heritage City in Spain. Imagine you would like to visit it.
Complete the information.
Name of city

Autonomous Community

How would you like to travel there? Tick.
car
ship
train
aeroplane
Where will you look for information about this city? Tick two options.
Internet
television
travel guides
encyclopaedias
Where will you stay? Tick one.

hotel
camp site
apartment
What would you like to visit? Tick two options.
museums
monuments
amusement parks
zoo
Why did you choose this city?

Is tourism a service? Explain.

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14
Town halls
EXTENSION
Name
Date
All Spanish towns and villages have a town hall.

The town hall is responsible for organising
services, such as schools, hospitals, the police,
firefighting and rubbish collection.
The mayor is the head of the local council.
The mayor represents the people
and coordinates the work of the local council.
or
ncill
Cou
Councillor
Mayor
Cou
ncill
or
Local elections are held every four years. Citizens

vote from a list of candidates to elect their local councillors. They vote in a polling station.
There are two requirements to vote in local elections.
1. Voters must be registered.
2. Voters must be 18 years old or over.

What do town halls organise?

How often are local elections held?

What are the two requirements to vote?

Why do you think is it important for voters to be registered?

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3
Look at these illustrations about local elections.

election campaign
voting
counting votes
Match.
ballot box
ballot
polling place
candidate
Person running for election.

Piece of paper with the names of all the candidates.
Transparent box where citizens put their ballots.
Place where citizens go to vote.
Read and answer the questions.

Why are ballot boxes transparent?

Citizens vote in private. Why is this important?

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15
Art museums
Name
EXTENSION
Date
Art museums display paintings and sculptures.

Most famous art museums are located
in big cities. The Prado Museum is in Madrid.
The Louvre Museum is in Paris. The Tate Gallery
is in London. The Museum of Modern Art is
in New York.
Art museums look after their paintings carefully
because they are of great historical and cultural
interest. Many paintings are hundreds of years old.
Many people work in art museums:
The director runs the art museum and is in charge of all the employees.
Art restorers repair damaged paintings so that they are in perfect condition.
Security guards protect the paintings which are displayed in the museum.

What is an art museum?

Why do art museums look after their paintings?

What does an art restorer do?

What does a security guard do in an art museum?

Think of an art museum you have visited. What is its name?
What type of paintings did you see?

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2
Look at the illustration. Read the text.
The Guggenheim Museum
The Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao is one of the most unique museums

in the world. Infact, the building is as beautiful as the art inside!
It was designed by the architect Frank O. Gehry and opened in October, 1997.
The museum has a very imaginative shape: the walls are not straight, they twist and
curve. The building is made of three main materials: titanium, limestone and glass.
The Guggenheim exhibits paintings, sculptures, photographs and clothes,
as well as other unusual types of art. One year, they even had an exhibition
of motorcycles.
Now, find information about a museum near where you live, and fill
in the information card.
Name of museum:
Place:
Opening date:
Architect:
Exhibits:
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Answer key
Reinforcement
1 YOUR BODY
6 SMELL, TASTE AND TOUCH
1. Label the body parts. head, trunk, limbs.

2. Look at the diagram and write examples.
An organ inside your head: brain
An organ inside your trunk: lung, heart or stomach
A lower limb: leg
1. Complete the chart.
2 BONES, MUSCLES AND JOINTS

1. Use the key and colour the diagram.
bones: yellow, muscles: red
2. Complete the sentences.
Bones form the skeleton.
Muscles help the bones to move. They are flexible
organs which are attached to the bones.
3. Write the names of the joints.
A. wrist
D. knee
B. shoulder
E. ankle
C. elbow
3 YOU GROW AND CHANGE
1. Match.
adolescence: figure 2, old age: figure 4
childhood: figure 1, adulthood: figure 3
Now, write the stages of life in order.
1st childhood, 2nd adolescence, 3rd adulthood,
4th old age.
2. Read and circle the correct description.
childhood: Milk teeth fall out, and permanent teeth grow.
adolescence: Your body prepares to become an adult.
adulthood: We can have children.
old age: Our bones become fragile. Our muscles are
weaker.
4 SIGHT
1. Label the parts of the eye.
Clockwise beginning at top: eyelashes, eyelid, pupil,
iris, cornea.
First, light passes through the cornea. It is transparent.
Then, light passes through the pupil, the hole in the
centre of the iris.
The iris is the coloured ring that controls the level
of light.
The lens helps the eye to focus.
Finally, the retina captures light from an object.
Information is sent to the brain through the optic nerve.
5 HEARING
1. Colour the words related to hearing.
Colour inner ear, pinna, sound, vibration, middle ear.
2. Label the parts of the ear.
Left top to bottom: pinna, small bones.
Right top to bottom: cochlea, ear drum.
3. Match.
The ear drum vibrates when sound reaches it.
The cochlea receives the sound vibrations.
The small bones make the sound louder.
The auditory nerve sends the information to the brain.
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The sense
organ is
It allows you
to capture or
identify
Smell
inside your
nose.
Taste
the
tongue.
smells.
flavours.
Touch
the skin.
sensations.
2. Match the three columns.

taste buds
tongue captures flavours of

food
nasal lining
nose
captures odours
sense organ of touch skin
distinguishes hot or cold
3. Circle the senses that you use to identify these objects.
Tomato: sight, smell, taste, touch.
Ball: sight, touch.
Radiator: sight, touch.
7 NUTRITION
1. Colour the correct word. Then write the sentence.
Nutrition provides your body with energy and nutrients.
2. Look at the diagram about nutrition in plants.
Then, answer.
What do plants need to produce their own food?
Plants need light, carbon dioxide, water and mineral
salts.
How do plants take in water and mineral salts?
Through their roots.
How do plants take in carbon dioxide?
Through their leaves.
3. Match.
Carnivores eat other animals.
Herbivores eat plants.
Omnivores eat other animals and plants.
8 SENSITIVITY
1. Write yes or no.
Do they have sense organs?
Can they move?
Do they have sensitivity?
Animals
yes
yes
yes
Plants
no
no
yes

People and animals respond to their environment.
They use sense organs which are eyes, ears, nose,
tongue, skin.
They use muscles.
They use the nervous system. The most important part
is the brain.
9 REPRODUCTION
Most plants have sexual reproduction. This takes place
in the flowers, which have a male and a female part.
Other plants have asexual reproduction, without flowers
or seeds. These plants can grow from cuttings.
2. Are these oviparous or viviparous animals?
viviparous oviparous
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Answer key Reinforcement

3. Are these examples of sensitivity or reproduction?
A. reproduction B. sensitivity C. sensitivity
2. Complete the information cards.
10 MAMMALS
1. Circle eight words in the wordsearch. Then, complete
the text.
V
Mammals
Mammals are vertebrate animals because they have a
skeleton made up of bones. They breathe through
lungs. Their skin is usually covered with fur or hair.
They are viviparous because they are born from their
mothers womb. Baby mammals drink their mothers
milk. Most mammals live on land and use their legs to
move around. Marine mammals, like dolphins or
whales, live in the ocean. They swim using their fins.
Flying mammals use their wings to fly.
11 REPTILES AND BIRDS
Group: fish
Breathing: through
their gills
Body covering: scales
Movement: they swim
Reproduction:
oviparous
Group: amphibians
Breathing: through
lungs and their skin
Body covering: bare
skin
Movement: they hop
Reproduction: oviparous
13 INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS
1. What do all invertebrates have in common? They havent
got a backbone.
2. Circle the correct word. Then write the sentences.
Jellyfish have tentacles. Their bodies look like jelly.
Worms have soft bodies. They are long and thin.
All molluscs have soft bodies. They usually have
shells.
Spiders have eight legs.
3. How many invertebrate animals can you think of? Write
their names.
Model answer. (M.A.) flies, ants, worms, clams,
mussels, oysters, jellyfish, snails and spiders.
14 INSECTS
1. Label the parts of the insect.
Left top to bottom: antenna, leg, abdomen.
Right top to bottom: head, thorax, wing.
2. Answer.
What are the three main parts of an insects body?
The head, the thorax and the abdomen.
How many legs do insects have? Six.
How many wings do insects have? Four.
How are insects born? They are born from eggs.
15 MACHINES
They
breathe
through
They have
skin
covered
with
They
move
around
using
their
Reptiles
lungs
scales
legs
an egg
Birds
lungs
feathers
wings
and legs
an egg
The
offspring
hatches
from
1. How do machines function? Use the key and circle.

Red: stereo, the fan, the computer
Blue: the stapler, the pencil sharpener, the scissors
2. Choose two machines from Activity 1. Explain what they
are used for.
M.A. We use computers for making our work easier,
for processing information and for communicating.
M.A. We use scissors for cutting paper and other
things.
2. Answer the questions.

Birds are vertebrates because they have a skeleton
made up of bones.
Birds legs are covered with scales.
Reptiles are oviparous because the offspring grows in
an egg outside the mother.
Birds incubate their eggs, and they feed and take
care of their babies.
16 SIMPLE AND COMPOUND MACHINES
12 FISH AND AMPHIBIANS
17 THE EARTH, THE SUN AND THE MOON
1. Where do fish and amphibians live?

fish: They live in water.
amphibians: When they are born, they live in water.
When they are adults, they live on land.
1. Write the names.

Left: the Sun; Right top to bottom: Earth, Moon.
2. Look at the illustrations. Write planet, star or satellite.
star, satellite, planet

simple
have few parts.
Types of machines
compound
have many parts.
2. Use the key and circle the machines.
Red: shovel, hammer, cork screw
Blue: drill, mobile phone, clock, bicycle
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3. Use the key and colour.
LB= light blue; DB= dark blue;
B= brown
light blue: the atmosphere
dark blue: the oceans
brown: the continents
2. Look at Activity 1. Where can you find water in a liquid

state? Where can you find water in a solid state?
water in a liquid state: river, lake, sea, aquifer.
water in a solid state: snow.
B
DB
B
DB
22 THE WATER CYCLE

LB
18 THE EARTH AND THE MOON MOVE

1. Write rotation or revolution.
revolution, rotation
2. Match.
A. new moon, B. waxing moon, C. waning moon,
D. full moon
3. Match.
The rotation of the Earth causes day and night.
One complete rotation of the Earth takes 24 hours.
Earth revolution causes the seasons.
One Earth revolution takes 365 days.
19 MAPS AND GLOBES
1. Match.
North Pole
South Pole
Equator
Northern Hemisphere
Southern Hemisphere
2. Write the names of the oceans and continents.
America, Asia, Africa, Antarctica, Europe, Oceania.
Atlantic, Arctic, Antarctic, Indian, Pacific.
20 THE DIFFERENT STATES OF WATER
Water vapour is water in a gaseous state.
Snow is water in a solid state.
River water is water is a liquid state.
2. Match.
Illustrations top to bottom: freezing, melting, evaporation
To make water vapour, you heat water.
To make ice, you freeze water.
To make liquid water from ice, you melt ice.
21 WATER IN NATURE
1. Find all the places with water. Colour them blue.
lake
aquifer
Now label the illustration with these words.

centre: snow; left: sea; right top to bottom: river,
lake, aquifer.
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23 AIR
1. Circle the things that need air to live or function.
Circle chicken, baby, balloon, plant.
2. Match.
tire: Air occupies space. Air has no shape.
scales: Air has weight. Air has no shape.
3. Write T (true) or F (false).
F Air is a liquid.
F We can hear better without air.
TThe lower part of the atmosphere contains the air we
breathe.
TNitrogen is the most abundant gas in air.
24 WEATHER AND CLIMATE
1. Match.
Water that falls to the Earth as a liquid. rain
Water that falls to the Earth as small
pieces of ice.
hail
A very light wind.
breeze
An extremely strong wind with rain.
hurricane
2. Circle the correct words.
Mountain climates have low temperatures. It snows
alot in winter.
Coastal climates have mild temperatures all year
round.
Continental climates have low temperatures in winter
and high temperatures in summer. It doesnt rain
alot.
25 WEATHER AND THE SEASONS
river
snow
sea
1. Look at the water cycle. Number the sentences in order.

Order: 4, 1, 3, 2, 5.
Now, copy the sentences in order.
Water from the sea heats up and evaporates. Water
vapour rises in the air. It condenses and forms
clouds. The wind moves the clouds over the land.
Water from the clouds falls as rain, snow or hail. Rain
falls in the rivers and goes to the sea. Some rain
goes into the ground as groundwater.
1. Write the seasons.

Top line: autumn spring.
Bottom line: winter, summer.
Precipitation
Temperatures
Winter
It can snow.
cold temperatures
Spring
It often rains.
warm temperatures
Summer
It doesnt rain
very much.
hot temperatures
Autumn
It often rains.
mild, then colder

temperatures
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26 MOUNTAIN LANDSCAPES
1. Label the illustration with these words.
summit
slope
mountain
foot
2. Read and tick the correct place.

Mountain villages: The houses have sloped roofs so the
snow falls off. Many villagers take care of forests.
The streets are steep and narrow.
Villages on the plains: The streets are straight. Many
villagers work on farms.
Coastal villages: Many villagers work in hotels and
restaurants. Some are fishermen.
31 CITIES
valley
Mountain landscapes consist of mountains
and valleys.
Valleys are areas of flat land between mountains.
The summit is the highest part of a mountain.
27 FLAT LAND
1. Tick the true sentences. Then, answer the question.
True sentences: There is a train. There are farms. There
is a river. There is a city.
Is this a mountain landscape or flat land? Explain.
M.A. This is flat land. There are no mountains.
2. What can you see in each landscape? Circle A or B.
Mountain landscape A
Valley
A
Flat land
B
Crops
B
Summit
A
Flood plain B
28 COASTAL LANDSCAPES
Clockwise beginning at the top: beach, bay, cape,
island, cliff.
2. Match.
island An area of land completely surrounded
bywater.
cape A large piece of land that sticks out into
the sea.
bay
A small gulf.
peninsula A narrow piece of land surrounded
bywater on three sides.
29 RIVERS
Left top to bottom: upper course, lower course;
right: middle course.
The river bed is the ground over which a river flows.
The course is the journey from the source to the
mouth.
The flow is the volume of water in a river.
30 VILLAGES
1. Write mountain, plain or coast.
coast, mountain, plain
1. Read and tick the correct place.

City: The population is large. The streets are wide and
long.
Village: The population is small. The streets are short
and generally lead to the main square.
2. Tick the correct answer.
The historic centre: The streets are narrow. There are
historic monuments.
The modern district: This area often surrounds the
city centre.
The suburbs: These are residential areas away from
the centre.
3. Is this the historic centre or the modern district? Explain.
M.A. It is the modern district. There are many tall
buildings. Many people can live here. They can work in
industry or services.
32 CROP FARMING
1. Write dry farming or irrigation.
irrigation, dry farming
Crop farming can be dry farming for example
olive trees, wheat and oats.
Crop farming can be irrigation for example
vegetables, fruit and corn.
33 STOCKBREEDING AND FISHING
Catching fish and shellfish in rivers and the sea:
fishing.
Places where farmers breed fish and shellfish:
fish farms.
Farmers breed animals for their meat, milk, eggs and
skin: stockbreeding.
Stockbreeding where animals live in pens and barns:
intensive farming.
Fishing in the sea with big boats: deep-sea fishing.
2. Look at the illustrations. Answer the questions.
What are the two types of sea fishing? The two types
are coastal fishing and deep-sea fishing.
Describe them. Coastal fishing: the fishermen fish
near the coast. They go out in small fishing boats.
Deep-sea fishing: the fishermen fish a long way from
the coast. They go out in big boats with modern
machines.
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34 SERVICES
37 LOCAL GOVERNMENT
1. Which people work in services? Circle them.

Circle the teacher, the doctor, the firefighter and the
musician.
Ann is a bus driver. She works for the city
government. She works in services.
Police services are public services.
Transport services move passengers and
merchandise from one place to another.
1. Circle the correct words. Then, copy the sentences.

Local councils organise the municipal services which
everyone needs.
Citizens elect the local councillors.
The mayor is the head of the local council.
3. Complete the chart with these words.

educational services: headmaster, teacher.
health services: nurse, doctor.
communications services: reporter, radio announcer.
cultural services: musician, actor.
35 TRADE
1. Answer.
What is trade? Trade is the buying and selling of
products.
Name the three divisions of trade: producers, traders
and consumers.
What types of traders are there? There are two types:
wholesalers and retailers.
What forms of payment are there? Cash and credit
card.
2. Complete the chart with these words
Trade
producer
wholesaler
retailer
consumer
makes the
product
and sells it
to the
wholesaler.
buys the
product
from the
producer
and sells it
to the
retailer.
buys the
product
from the
wholesaler
and sells it
to the
consumer.
buys the
product
from the
retailer.
36 TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS

1. Read, then write the means of transport.
Private transport: they travel on roads and
motorways. cars
Public transport: they travel on railway tracks. trains
Public transport: they travel along flight paths. They
take off from airports. aeroplanes
Public transport: they travel along sea routes. They
leave from seaports. ships
2. Match and write two sentences.
We use individual communication, for example,
telephones, letters, faxes and e-mail, to send
information to a few people.
We use the media, for example, newspapers,
television, radio and the Internet, to send information
to many people at the same time.
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2. Explain how a mayor is elected.

M.A. Every four years, citizens elect local councillors.
The candidates present an election manifesto to
explain what they will do if they are elected.
After the elections, the new local councillors elect one
of their members to be the mayor.
38 MUNICIPAL SERVICES
1. Answer.
What are public services? Public services are
the services which the local council organises.
What types of public services are there? There are
many types, for example, schools, hospitals, street
lighting, the police, firefighting and rubbish collection.
2. Circle three problems this town has.
M.A. Circle broken pavement, rubbish collection
and traffic.
The municipal service responsible for public
libraries and museums: cultural services.
The municipal service responsible for collecting
rubbish: sanitation services.
The municipal service responsible for painting
zebra crossings: highway services.
39 THE PASSING OF TIME
1. Write three things about your past. M.A.
One week ago.
I visited my cousins in London.
I went to a basketball game.
One month ago
I learned how to make cookies.
I made cookies for my family.
One year ago
I went on holiday to the country.
My cousin Ann was born.
2. Match and write.
A. written, B. physical, C. pictorial
40 THE PAST AND PRESENT OF CITIES AND VILLAGES
1. Use the key and circle the illustrations.
Where people lived.
Left to right: nowadays (green), hundreds of years
ago (blue), thousands of years ago (red).
How people travelled.
Left to right: hundreds of years ago (blue), thousands
of years ago (red), nowadays (green).
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Answer key
1 OUR SKELETON
1. Label the skeleton with these words.
Left top to bottom: maxilla, clavicle, humerus,
ribs, spinal column, pelvis, fibula, tibia.
Right top to bottom: skull, nasal bone, sternum,
ulna, radius, femur, knee cap.
2. Classify the bones.
Head: skull, nasal bone, maxilla.
Trunk: sternum, clavicle, pelvis.
Limbs: knee cap, radius, tibia.
3. Complete the text.
Our skeleton is made up of 206 bones. Bones have
many important functions.
The skeleton supports our body and gives it shape. The
ribs protect the heart and lungs. The skull protects the
brain. The spinal column protects the spinal cord.
Bones have different shapes and sizes. The longest
bone is the femur. The smallest bones are the hammer,
the stirrup and the anvil. They are located in the ear.
2 OUR SIGHT
1. Number the illustrations in order.
3, 1, 2.
Explain in your own words how the sense of sight
works.
Model Answer (M.A.) The boys eyes capture an image
of a painting. The boys eyes convert this information
into nerve impulses. This information is sent to his
brain through the optic nerve. His brain interprets this
information and knows that it is a painting of flowers.
2. Look at the illustrations and choose the correct answer.
Which line appears longer? B.
Which black circle appears bigger? B.
3. Look closely at these optical illusions. Then, describe
each one.
M.A. I can see a vase or I can see the profiles of two
people who are looking at each other.
M.A. I can see an elegant young woman who is looking
away. She has short hair. She is wearing a hat with a
feather. Or, I can see an old woman with a big nose who
is looking down. Her eyes are closed. She is wearing a
scarf.
4. Look at the vertical line. Very slowly, move the paper
closer to your face until it touches your nose.
Where is the candle? Its on the left side of the line.
3 GET MOVING!
1. Match.
A: It swims. B: It swims.
C: It flies. D: It walks.
2. Draw these animals.
Open Answers (O.A.)
Write how each one moves.
M.A. An owl: It flies. A kangaroo: It hops.
A snake: It slithers.

All living things carry out life processes. Which life
process is related to movement? Why?
M.A. Sensitivity is related to movement. Living things
respond to their environment by moving away from
danger or towards food.
What living things cannot move? How do they carry
out the life process of sensitivity?
M.A. Plants cannot move. They carry out sensitivity
by growing towards light, and their roots grow towards
water.
4. Identify two living things that you can find in your school
playground or garden. Explain how they carry out the life
function of sensitivity.
M.A. The plants in our garden grow towards the Sun.
M.A. The flies in our garden are almost impossible to
catch. They fly away too quickly.
4 HOW ANIMALS PROTECT THEMSELVES FROM THE COLD
1. Write a definition for these words.
M.A. Hibernate means to sleep during the winter.
M.A. Migrate means to travel a long distance
to a warmer climate.
2. Use the key and circle the illustrations.
blue (migration): the stork, the whale.
red (hibernation): the frog, the bear.
3. Write three characteristics for each animal.
M.A. Bats are vertebrates. They are mammals.
They are viviparous.
M.A. Frogs are vertebrates. They are amphibians.
They are oviparous.
M.A. Tortoises are vertebrates. They are reptiles.
They are oviparous.
What characteristic do these animals have in common?
They all hibernate.
5 HEAD-FOOT
What does cephalopod mean? It means head-foot.
Are cephalopods vertebrates or invertebrates?
Explain. They are invertebrates because they havent
got a backbone.
Are all marine animals invertebrates? Explain. No.
Some marine animals are fish. Fish are vertebrates.
Name three other animals that can swim.
M.A. Whales, sharks and crocodiles.
TOctopuses are one the most intelligent invertebrates
in the marine world.
F Octopuses are blind.
F Octopuses move using their fins.
TOctopuses can change the colour of their skin
forprotection.
3. Classify these invertebrate animals.
air: bee, moth, dragonfly.
water: clam, jellyfish, squid.
land: caterpillar, worm, scorpion.
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EXTENSION
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Answer key EXTENSION

4. Complete the chart with information about four
invertebrate animals.
M.A.
Animal
How it moves
Where it lives
bee
it flies
in a beehive
jellyfish
it floats
in the sea
scorpion
it walks
in the desert
caterpillar
it crawls
on plants, leaves
6 THE WHEEL
1. Circle the illustration of the most ancient wheel.
Circle C.
Why do you think this is the oldest wheel?
M.A. I think it is the oldest wheel because it is a
simple disk, made of wood. It hasnt got spokes.
2. Think about life before the invention of the wheel. How
do you think people moved heavy objects?
M.A. Before the invention of the wheel, I think people
used animals, for example, oxen, to pull heavy objects,
and they pulled objects on sledges.
3. Circle five means of transport that use wheels.
R
Name a means of transport that does not use wheels.

Explain how it moves.
M.A. A sailing boat does not use wheels. It moves
through the water using the energy from wind.
4. What means of transport do these wheels belong to?
Write.
A: aeroplane, B: motorbike, C: car, D: bicycle, E: train.
7 FLAT OR ROUND?
1. Tick the true sentence.
Navigators from the 16th century proved that
theEarth is round.
2. Imagine you are in outer space. What does the Earth
look like?
Describe its shape and the colour of the continents and
oceans.
M.A. The Earth is a sphere. Most of the Earth is blue
because there is so much water. I can see the Atlantic
Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. They are blue. I can see
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North America and South America too. The land looks

mostly green but there are brown areas where it is very
dry. Some parts are covered by clouds which look white
from outer space. The Earth is beautiful.
3. Imagine that the Earth is flat. Could we travel around the
world by boat? What would happen?
M.A. If the Earth was flat, we would not be able to travel
around the world by boat. We would fall off the edge!
4. Read the definition and write the correct word. Then,
circle the same words in the wordsearch.
The natural satellite of the Earth: the Moon.
The movement of the Earth on its axis: rotation.
The movement of the Earth around the Sun:
revolution.
Life on Earth is possible thanks to this star: the Sun
The third planet from the Sun in the Solar System:
the Earth.
The layer of air that surrounds the Earth:
the atmosphere.
The largest planet in the Solar System: Jupiter.
Q
5. Write the names of the eight planets in our Solar System.

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus,
Neptune.
8 HOW DOES DRINKING WATER GET TO OUR HOMES?
Where is water cleaned? It is cleaned in treatment
plants.
Where is river water collected? It is collected in
reservoirs.
How is water distributed to homes? It is distributed
through pipes.
What happens to water after we use it in our homes?
M.A. First it is collected through a network of sewers.
Then it is cleaned in a treatment plant. Next, it goes
back into river or it is recycled.
2. What is drinking water? It is clean water that is safe to
drink.
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3. Use the key and circle the water pipes.

red= light-coloured pipes , blue= dark-coloured pipes
Describe the landscape of Iceland. M.A. There are

craters, lava deserts and plains covered with volcanic
ash. There are also rivers, waterfalls and fields
covered with green moss.
Explain why agriculture is not an important industry in
Iceland. Because the land is not very fertile, and it is
very cold.
2. Compare the landscape of Iceland and the Moon.
Similarities: There are many craters, lava deserts
and plains covered with volcanic ash.
Differences: There are rivers, waterfalls and fields
covered with green moss.
3. Look at the wordsearch. Circle three Balearic Islands
and three Canary Islands.
L
O
Which rooms have taps? There are taps in the
bathroom and the kitchen.
4. All living things need water, but water is scarce.
What can we do to save water? Write three ideas.
M.A.
We can use recycled water for watering parks.
We can have showers instead of baths.
We can turn the tap off when we clean our teeth.
9 WEATHER MAPS
1. Look at the maps and answer the questions.
What day did it rain more? 6th January.
What day did it snow? 6th January.
What day was it sunnier? 6th August.
What day was it hotter? 6th August. How do you
know? M.A. Because it was sunny in most places.
It didnt snow.
2. Look at the maps. Read what each person says and
draw the correct weather symbol.
Top map: N: snowy, S: foggy, E: rainy, W: sunny.
Bottom map: N: stormy, S: sunny, E: windy, W: foggy.
3. What was the weather like yesterday where you live?
M.A. It was sunny in the morning, and it was rainy
in the afternoon.
4. Cross out the word that does not belong. Explain why.
The odd one out is moor because it is not a feature
of a coastal landscape.
The odd one out is bay because it is not part of a
mountain.
11 VILLAGES AND CITIES
Why does the population of a place grow?
M.A. There are many reasons why the population
of a place grows. The most important reason is that
lots of people move there to work.
Imagine you want to move from a village to a big city.
Give three reasons why. M.A. I want to move to a big
city because it has a university, lots of cinemas, and
lots of opportunities for work.
10 ICELAND
2. Colour the services you can find in your town or village.

O.A.

How did Iceland get its name? Iceland got its name
because it has a lot of glaciers.
Where is Iceland? Iceland is in the North of Europe.
What are geysers? They are underground springs of
hot water that shoot water and steam high into the air.
3. Look at the map. Write the letter and number for the
location of the places.
university: B-7.
railway station: A-9.
town hall: A-5.
library: C-2.
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14 TOWN HALLS
4. Look at the map. Use the key and colour the routes.
, green=
red=
, blue=
A
library
stadium
town hall
cathedral
university
railway station
5. Draw two more services on the map. Write the names

and coordinates.
O.A.
12 POTATOES
1. Tick the correct answer.
Potatoes are originally from America.
Plant potato seeds in spring.
Harvest potatoes in summer.
2. Look at the illustration.

Where do potatoes grow?
They grow in the ground.
Are potatoes stems, leaves or roots?
They are stem tubers.

What do town halls organise? Town halls organise
services such as schools, hospitals, the police,
firefighting and rubbish collection.
How often are local elections held? They are held
every four years.
What are the two requirements to vote? Voters must
be registered and be at least 18 years old.
2. Why do you think is it important for voters to be
registered?
M.A. It is important for voters to be registered to avoid
people voting more than once.
3. Look at these illustrations about local elections.
Match.
ballot box: Transparent box where citizens put their
ballots.
ballot: Piece of paper with the names of all the
candidates.
polling place: Place where citizens go to vote.
candidate: Person running for election.
4. Read and answer the questions.
Why are ballot boxes transparent? M.A. So that
people can see that the box is empty and that there
are no false votes before the election begins.
Citizens vote in private. Why is this important?
M.A. So that they can vote freely without feeling
pressured.
15 ART MUSEUMS
3. Look at the pictures. Write the word. Put the pictures in

order.
Top row: 2 fertilise, 1 prepare the soil.
Bottom row: 4 harvest, 3 plant.
4. Six hundred years ago, nobody ate potatoes in Europe.
M.A. Six hundred years ago, nobody ate potatoes in
Europe because there were no potatoes in Europe.
Spanish explorers brought the first potato plants
from South America to Spain.
13 WORLD HERITAGE CITIES
1. Look at the map. Write the names of the World Heritage
Cities in Spain.
Alcala de Henares, Avila, Caceres, Cordoba, Cuenca,
Ibiza, Merida, Salamanca, San Cristobal de la Laguna,
Santiago de Compostela, Segovia, Tarragona, Toledo.
2. Choose a World Heritage City in Spain. Imagine you
would like to visit it. Complete the information card.
O.A.
3. Why did you choose this city?
O.A.
4. Is tourism a service? Explain.
M.A. Yes, tourism is a service. People who work in
tourism do not make objects. They provide services,
for example, in hotels, restaurants, travel agencies
or bars. Tourists relax and enjoy these places.
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What is an art museum? A place where paintings
and sculptures are displayed.
Why do art museums look after their paintings?
Because they are of historical and cultural interest.
What does an art restorer do? An art restorer repairs
damaged paintings.
What does a security guard do in an art museum?
They protect the paintings which are displayed in the
museum.
Think of an art museum you have visited. What is its
name? What sort of paintings did you see? O.A.
2. Look at the illustration. Read the text.
Now, find information about a museum near where
you live, and fill in the information card. O.A
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Diagnostic tests
Your body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Living things . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Planet Earth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Machines, materials and energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Your neighbourhood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Time and directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Individual results chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
ANSWER KEYS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
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Our skeleton
DIAGNOSTIC TEST
Name
1
Date
Match.
head
limbs
trunk

elbow
joints
Bones join together at
You bend your arm at the
You bend your leg at the
knee
Match.
skull
biceps
rib
pectoral muscles
tibia
spinal
column
abdominal muscles
calf muscles
femur
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1
4
Which sense are they using? Write.

B

C

D
Label the diagram.

lung heart stomach
Tick the healthy habits.

Sleep less than eight hours every night.
Drink very little water.
Eat a varied diet.
Brush your teeth once a week.
Have a bath or shower every day.
Exercise often.
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Living things
DIAGNOSTIC TEST
Name
Date
Circle the living things.
What do plants need? Colour.

air
soil
medicine
sunlight
water
food
electricity
Why are animals living things? Tick.

Because they can move.
Because they are born, they grow and reproduce.
Because they have very different shapes and colours.
Match.
They are born from their mothers womb.
They have bare skin.
insects
They have scales and fins.

They are invertebrate and have six legs.
They have scales and live on land.
They lay eggs and have feathers.
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birds
amphibians
fish
reptiles
mammals
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2
5
Look at the illustrations and write herbivore or carnivore.

A

6
Match.
oviparous
viviparous
Animals which lay eggs.
Animals which are born from their mothers womb.
Label the diagram.
What type of plant is it? Colour the correct word.

grass
bush
tree
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Planet Earth
DIAGNOSTIC TEST
Name
1
Date

Air is a mixture of different gases.
Oxygen is one of the gases in air.
Air is a liquid.
You cannot see air and it does not take up space.
Colour.
yellow
Sun
blue
Earth
grey
Moon
Look at the illustrations. Is it day or night?

A
In illustration A it is because

In illustration B it is because

Label the illustrations.
liquid
gas
solid
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C
WATER
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3
5
Match.
You can drink it.
You cannot drink it.
It is in rivers.
It is in the sea.
What type of landscape is it? Write coastal or mountain.

7
fresh water
Label the illustration.

mountain river village forest
Classify.
bridge snow road cliff
natural
features
man-made
features
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Name
1
DIAGNOSTIC TEST
Date
What are machines for? Tick.

To have better ideas.
To study better.
To make work easier.
How does each machine help us? Match.

A
It helps us do housework.
3
It helps us travel.
It helps us communicate.
Match and write each machine in its correct place.

A
They work with

electricity.
They work with
petrol.
They work with
human force.
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4
4
What are these objects made of? Match.

A
cork
leather
wool
plastic
metal
Where do these materials come from? Classify.

wood cotton wool leather
From plants
From animals
6
Circle four materials you can recycle.

F
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Your neighbourhood
DIAGNOSTIC TEST
Name
1
Date
Where can you find these things? Write the room.

A

2
Complete the index card.

Name of your village or city:
Name of your street:

Where do you live?
In a house.
In a flat.
Where is your street?

In the centre.
In the suburbs.
What is your street like?

long
wide
short
narrow
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5
3
Complete.
grandparents sisters uncles cousins
The parents of my parents are my
The brothers of my parents are my
The sons and daughters of my uncles are my
The daughters of my parents are my

traffic light
zebra crossing
pavement
cycle lane
road
bus stop
BUS
Complete.
Pedestrians walk on the
Cars and buses drive on the
Pedestrians cross the road at the
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Time and directions
DIAGNOSTIC TEST
Name
1
Date
Write old or modern.

A
Who is older? Put the illustrations in order. Write 1, 2, 3 and 4.
Complete the diary. Write three things you do before dinner and three things
you do after dinner.
before
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6
4
Look at the illustration and answer.
O L
H O
S C
What is in front of the school?

What is to the right of the hospital?
What is behind the kiosk?
What is in the centre of the square?
5
Circle the correct word.
Hastings is to the north / south of Ashford.

Westfield is to the east / west of Ashford.
Wilton is to the east / west of Westfield.
Ashford is to north / south of Hastings.
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Name
Date
Yes
NP*
Comments
Your body
Identify body parts.
Name and locate bones, muscles
and joints.
Name and locate some organs.
Distinguish between healthy
and unhealthy habits.
Identify the sense organs.
Living things
Differentiate between living
and non-living things.
Recognise the characteristics
of the main groups of living things.
Classify animals according to their
body, how they move, how they
reproduce and their food.
Identify the parts of a plant.
Planet Earth
Recognise the properties of air.
Identify and describe day and night.
Recognise the properties
and uses of water.
Identify types of landscapes.
Identify landscape features.
Distinguish between natural
and man-made features of landscapes.
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Yes
NP*
Comments

Identify common machines and their
uses.
Identify common materials and their
properties.
Your neighbourhood
Know basic facts about the place
where you live.
Identify family members.
Recognise some road safety rules.
Time and directions

Use time concepts appropriately.
Order sequences chronologically.
Use spatial notions correctly.
Know the points of a compass.
NP: Needs practice.
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Answer key
Diagnostic tests
1 Our skeleton
1. Match.
head
limbs
trunk

You bend your arm at the elbow.
You bend your leg at the knee .
3. Match.
skull
biceps
rib
pectoral muscles
tibia
abdominal muscles
backbone
calf muscles
femur
4. Which sense are they using? Write.

A: taste, B: smell C: touch, D: hearing, E: sight.
5. Label the diagram.
Left top to bottom: heart, stomach
Right: lung
6. Tick the healthy habits.
Healthy habits: Eat a varied diet. Have a bath or shower every day. Exercise often.
2Living things
1. Circle the living things.
Circle plant and dog.
2. What do plants need? Colour.
Colour air, water, soil, sunlight.
3. Why are animals living things? Tick.
Because they are born, they grow and reproduce.
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Answer key DIAGNOSTIC TESTS

4. Match.
They are born from their mothers womb. mammals
They have bare skin. amphibians
They have scales and fins. fish
They are invertebrate and have six legs. insects
They have scales and live on land. reptiles
They lay eggs and have feathers. birds
5. Look at the illustrations and write herbivore or carnivore.
A. herbivore, B. carnivore, C. carnivore, D. herbivore
6. Match.
oviparous: Animals which lay eggs.
viviparous: Animals which are born from their mothers womb.
Left: trunk
Right top to bottom: leaves, roots
What type of plant is it? Colour the correct word. tree
3 Planet Earth
T Air is a mixture of different gases.
T Oxygen is one of the gases in air.
F Air is a liquid.
F You cannot see air and it does not take up space.
2. Colour.
Sun: yellow, Earth: blue, Moon: grey
3. Look at the illustrations. Is it day or night?
In illustration A it is day because you can see the Sun.
In illustration B it is night because you can see the Moon and the stars.
4. Label the illustrations.
A. solid, B. liquid, C. gas
5. Match.
fresh water: You can drink it. It is in rivers.
6. What type of landscape is it? Write coastal or mountain.
mountain, coastal
7. Label the illustration.
Left top to bottom: mountain, forest
Right top to bottom: village, river
8. Classify.
natural elements: snow, cliff
man-made elements: bridge, road
4 Machines, materials and energy
1. What are machines for? Tick.
To study better.
To make work easier.
2. How does each machine help us? Match.
A. It helps us travel.
B. It helps us communicate.
C. It helps us do housework.
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Answer key DIAGNOSTIC TESTS

3. Match and write each machine in its correct place.
They work with electricity: E. microwave, F. hairdryer
They work with petrol: B. aeroplane, D. car
They work with human force: A. trolley, C. screwdriver
4. What are these objects made of? Match.
A. plastic, B. cork, C. metal, D. leather, E. wool
5. Where do these materials come from?
From plants: wood, cotton
From animals: wool, leather
6. Circle four materials you can recycle.
F
I wash my hands.
After: M.A.
I help with the washing up.
I brush my teeth.
I go to bed.
4. Look at the illustration and answer.
What is in front of the school? A park.
What is to the right of the hospital? A supermarket.
What is behind the kiosk? A bench.
What is in the centre of the square? A fountain.
5. Circle the correct word.
Hastings is to the south of Ashford.
Westfield is to the west of Ashford.
Wilton is to the east of Westfield.
Ashford is to north of Hastings.
5 Your neighbourhood
1. Where can you find these things? Write the room.
A. kitchen, B. living room, C. bedroom, D. bathroom
2. Complete the index card.
Open Answer (O.A.)
3. Complete.
The parents of my parents are my grandparents.
The brothers of my parents are my uncles.
The sons and daughters of my uncles are my cousins.
The daughters of my parents are my sisters.
Top row: cycle lane, traffic light, bus stop
Bottom row: zebra crossing, pavement, road
5. Complete.
Pedestrians walk on the pavement.
Cars and buses drive on the road.
Pedestrians cross the road at the zebra crossing.
6Time and directions
1. Write old or modern.
A. old, B. old, C. modern, D. modern, E. modern, F. old
2. Who is older? Put the illustrations in order. Write 1, 2, 3
and 4.
Left to right: 2, 1, 3, 4
3. Complete the diary. Write three things you do before
dinner and three things you do after dinner.
Before: Model Answer (M.A.)
I do my homework.
I watch television.
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Assessment

Unit
assessments
Unit
tests
1 Your body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
108
138
2 Our senses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
110
139
3 Living things . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
112
140
4 Vertebrate animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
114
141
5 Invertebrate animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
116
142
6 Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
118
143
7 Planet Earth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
120
144
8 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
122
145
9 Air and weather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
124
146
10 Landscapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
126
147
11 Villages and cities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
128
148
12 Jobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
130
149
13 Work and services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
132
150
14 Local government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
134
151
15 Finding out about the past . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
136
152
Term assessments
Term 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Term 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Term 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Term tests
Term 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Term 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Term 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Final assessment and test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
Answer keys
Unit assessments and tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Term assessments and tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Final assessment and test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
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Your body
Name
1
ASSESSment
Date
Classify the words.

forehead leg abdomen arm back face
Head
Trunk
Limbs
Label the diagram.

brain
kidney
lung
bone
stomach
muscle
Write a personal trait which differentiates one person from another.

What are ligaments?

What is melanin?

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1
6
Complete.

are hard, strong, rigid organs. They form the

It supports the weight of the body.
The
them to move.
7
are elastic organs which are attached to the bones and help
What is a joint? Explain and give two examples.

Look at the diagrams and answer.

What muscle contracts when you bend your
arm?
What muscle contracts when you extend your
A
arm?
List the four main stages of life.

10 Write each stage of life.

Your body prepares to become an adult.
This is the first stage of life.
Bones become fragile and muscles grow weaker.
Your body is fully developed.
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Our senses
ASSESSment
Name
1
Date
Write the sense organs.

Label the parts of the eye.

1.
1
2.
4
3.
4.
Complete.
eyelids
optic nerve
pupil
brain
sight
The eyes are the senses organs of .

, eye lashes and eyebrows protect the eyes.
The is the hole in the centre of the iris though
which light passes.
When we see an object, the information is sent to the
through the .
4
Label the parts of the ear.
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2
5
Circle the correct word.

The outer ear captures sound through the pinna / cochlea.
The cochlea sends the sound through the ear canal / auditory nerve to the brain.
The brain interprets / vibrates the information.
What part of your nose captures smells?


Touch is the
which allows you to identify characteristics
of the objects around you.

The sense organ of touch is the .
8

Smells enter the nose through the nostrils.
Tears keep our eyes dry.
The tongue is the main sense organ of taste.
We feel pain through our taste buds.
The small bumps covering our tongue are the taste buds.
Write the corresponding sense organ.

cochlea
iris
nasal cavity
pupil
taste bud
auditory nerve
10 What are the five basic flavours?

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Living things
ASSESSment
Name
1
Date
What are three of the life processes?

Write the life process.

It allows living things to absorb
the essential nutrients for life.
It allows living things to respond

to changes in the environment.
It allows living things to produce

new living things.
What two things does nutrition provide you with? Explain.


carnivore
omnivore
Complete.
carbon dioxide sunlight mineral salts water photosynthesis
Plants produce their own food through . They take
and
They take
Energy from
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from the soil through their roots.
from the air through their leaves.

is also taken through the leaves.
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3
6
Number the sentences in order and complete.

The dogs brain sends an order to
the muscles to play with the ball.
The dog sees a ball.
The dog plays with the ball.
The image of the ball reaches
the dogs brain.
The life process is .

7
Circle the organs which are part of the process of sensitivity.

heart
nerves
brain
liver
sense organs
Look at the illustration and complete the sentence.

Some plants reproduce ,
without flowers or seeds.
Write two examples of each type of animal.

oviparous
viviparous
10 Number the sentences in order.

A new plant begins to grow.
Seeds are formed from the flowers.
The plant grows flowers.
The seeds fall to the ground and germinate.
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Vertebrate animals
ASSESSment
Name
1
Date
Write the five groups of vertebrate animals.

What group do these animals belong to?

A

3
Tick the correct options.

All mammals:
have bones.
drink their mothers milk.
are born from their mothers womb.
can walk when they are born.
Write an example of each type of animal.

marine mammal

flying mammal
primate
Cross out the three mistakes.

Reptiles are viviparous animals. They breathe through gills.
Their skin is covered with scales. Most of them live on land and slither.
Complete the sentences with Fish or Amphibians.

have bare skin.
breathe only through gills.
breathe through gills and through their skin.
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4
7
Circle the word related to birds in each pair.

animals / plants
vertebrate / invertebrate
wings / fins
feathers / fur
oviparous / viviparous
What animal is it?

This animal is different when it is young and when it is an adult.
When it is born, it lives in water, breathes through gills and has a tail.
When it is an adult, it can live on land, it breathes using lungs
and has legs.
It is a .
Write the name of two animals which belong to this group of vertebrates.
They breathe through lungs.
The breathe through gills.
They have scales.
The move using fins.
10 Complete the chart.

Mammals
Reptiles
Birds
Fish
Amphibians
Breathe through
Their body is covered
with
They move using
Their reproduction is
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ASSESSment
Name
1
Date
Complete with vertebrate or invertebrate.

All animals have got a skeleton.
All animals have not got a spinal column.
Write the names of four groups of invertebrates.

Write four invertebrates.

It has a soft
body.
It has a hard
shell.
It lives
on land.
It lives in the
sea.

Jellyfish have tentacles.
Snails have one flat foot for moving.
Some worms live in the sea.
Spiders have long thin bodies.
Match. Then, complete.

spider
butterfly
six legs
eight legs
Spiders and butterflies belong to a group of animals called
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5
6
Name the three main body parts of an insect.

Label the body parts of the fly.
Number the illustrations in order.
Circle the correct option about insects.

They are vertebrate / invertebrate animals.
They have six / four legs.
They have two / four antennae.
They are oviparous / viviparous.
10 Which animal is it? Read and write the name.

It is an invertebrate.
It is oviparous.
It has a hard body.
It has four wings.
It has six legs.
Name:
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Machines
ASSESSment
Name
1
Date
What is a machine?

Match.

A watch
cuts wood.
A pulley
carries heavy objects.
A saw
measures time.
A wheelbarrow
lifts heavy objects.
Is a computer a machine? Explain.

What do machines need in order to function?

What type of energy does each of these machines need to function?

A

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6
6
What is the difference between a simple machine and a compound machine?

Complete.
Machines
can be
simple
for example

ramp

8
Write the four groups of compound machines.


A pulley makes it difficult to lift heavy objects.
A ramp is an inclined plane.
A lever is a bar which rests on a pivot point.
A wheel turns on a pivot point.
10
What machine is it?

It is a simple machine. It is circular and it turns on an axle.
It is used to move objects from one place to another.

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Planet Earth
ASSESSment
Name
1
Date

We live on planet Earth.
The surface of the Earth is covered with land and water.
The Earth is surrounded by a layer of air called the atmosphere.
Most of the Earth is covered with land.
Match.
Sun
Earth
The Earths natural satellite.
Moon
A planet in the Solar System.
The closest star to the Earth.
Write rotation or revolution.

It takes 24 hours.
It causes the four seasons.
It takes 365 days.
It causes day and night.
Write rotation or revolution under the correct diagram.

A
Write the names of the four Moon phases.

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7
6
Why is it day in some places on Earth and night in other places?

Tick the correct sentence.

At sunrise, the Sun is in the west and at sunset, it is in the east.
At sunrise, the Sun is in the east and at sunset, it is in the west.
Match.
map
Earth globe
A flat drawing which represents parts of the surface of the Earth.

A sphere which represents the Earth on a small scale.
Label the diagram of the Earth.
Southern
Hemisphere
South Pole
Equator
North Pole
Northern
Hemisphere
10 Write the names of the six continents.

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Water
ASSESSment
Name
1
Date
Complete.
,
and
need water to live.
Write four uses of water.

Where is salt water found in nature?

Where is fresh water found in nature?

Write an example.
Water as a solid
Water as a gas
Water as a liquid

Drinking water is water in a liquid state.
Groundwater is water in a gaseous state.
There is water in a solid state at the North and South Poles.
Write the change of state of water.

When liquid water turns into ice.
When liquid water turns into water vapour.
When ice turns into liquid water.
When water vapour turns into liquid water.
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8
8
Look at the illustration and write the correct number.
4
3
5
6
2
sea
groundwater
rain
snow
clouds
river
Complete the text about the water cycle.

The water in seas, rivers and lakes heats up and turns into .
As the water vapour cools down, it
and forms clouds. The water
in the clouds falls to Earth as rain, , or hail. Rain falls in rivers and goes to
the . Some rain goes into the ground as .
10 Answer.
What is an aquifer?

Where does the water in aquifers come from?

How is groundwater extracted?

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Air and weather
Name
1
ASSESSment
Date

Air is a mixture of gases.
Oxygen is the second most abundant gas in air.
Air always has the same shape.
Living things do not need oxygen to breathe.
What is air used for? Write three examples.

Does air have weight? Answer and explain using an example.

What is the atmosphere?

What is the difference between weather and climate?

What does weather refer to?

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9
7
Circle the words which are related to weather.

storm
snow
waves
oxygen
mountain
rain
spring
river
hail
wind
Classify.
rain gale breeze hail hurricane snow
Precipitation

9
Wind
What are the typical weather conditions in each season? Complete the chart.
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Temperature
Precipitation
10 Look at the illustrations and answer.
A
What season does illustration A represent? Explain.

What season does illustration B represent? Explain.

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10
Landscapes
Name
ASSESSment
Date
Label the parts of the mountain.
What is a moor?

Describe a plain.

Circle three natural features in blue. Circle three man-made features in red.
Explain the difference between coastal plains and cliffs.

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10
6

bay
cliff
peninsula
island
beach
What is a river?

Complete.
The ground over which a river flows is called a .
The course of a river is
The volume of water in a river is the .

9

upper course middle course lower course
10 Explain the difference between lakes and reservoirs.

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11
Villages and cities
ASSESSment
Name
1
Date
Is this an illustration of a village or a city? Explain.

Write V for village or C for city.

Not many people live here.
The streets are long and wide.
Many buildings are tall.
There are shopping centres.
Most houses are low.
The streets are short and narrow.
Complete the chart.

Mountain
villages
What kind
of jobs do
people do?
Villages
on plains
Villages
on the coast
Cities
Describe houses in mountain villages.

Walls:
Roofs:
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11
5
What are three examples of rural tourism?

Write two advantages and two disadvantages of living in a city.

Life in a city
Advantages
Disadvantages
Label the three main parts of a city.

A
Write definitions for these words.

coastal village

housing estate

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12
Jobs
ASSESSment
Name
1
Date
Match.
Crop farming
Irrigation
Dry farming
working the land to obtain food and other products
a method of growing crops in dry areas
watering plants using irrigation channels or sprinklers
Number the sentences in order.

Sow the seeds.
Plough the fields.
Harvest the crops.
Fertilise the soil.
Write two examples.

livestock

cattle

poultry

Complete.
In farming, animals live in pens and barns.
In farming, animals live in the open.
fishing is done near the coast.
fishing is done a long way from the coast.
What is a fish farm?

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12
6
Explain the difference between open mining and underground mining.

Answer.
What are raw materials?

What are manufactured products?

Number the illustrations of the industrial process in order.
Complete the chart.

Types of industry

for example

for example
for example

10 Why are there more industries in cities than in villages?

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13
Work and services
ASSESSment
Name
1
Date
What are services?

Circle the illustration of a service.

A
Who provides these services?

Public services
Private services
Match.
firefighters
police
public services
banks
hotels
private services
Write two examples.

Health services
Cultural services
Tourism services
Transport services
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13
6
Write producer, consumer or trader.

7
Define.
Retailers:

Wholesalers:

What is electronic commerce?

Complete the chart.
Transport
Means of transport
Transport networks
public
roads and motorways

10
Write two examples for each.

The media:
Individual communication:
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14
Local government
ASSESSment
Name
1
Date
What is a town hall?

What is the difference between the mayor and a councillor?

Why is the following sentence not correct?

In local elections, citizens elect a mayor,
who then elects the councillors.

Complete the chart with the words in the box.

town hall the mayor the local council the councillors
is made
up of
who meet
in the

5
Answer.
Who votes in local elections?


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14
6
Who organises municipal services?

Complete the chart with the names of five municipal services.

Municipal services

8
Write the municipal service.

They keep the streets safe.
They clean the streets.
They inspect food shops.
They organise town festivals.
They maintain road signs.
What municipal service should you phone?

A
10 Why do people need municipal services?

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15
Finding out about the past
ASSESSment
Name
1
Date
What things can help you find out about your personal history?

Match.
past
decade
future
century
A hundred years.
Ten years.
What happened before now.
What will happen later.
Classify these historical records.

A
Pictorial record
Written record
Physical record
Complete.
Flags and coats of arms are the
of a town.
Traditional foods, dances and songs are the
of a town.
Carnival, New Years Eve or celebrations in honour of a patron saint

are .
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15
5
Write the correct word under each illustration.

A

6
Give an example of a historical monument in your town.


Thousands of years ago, people lived in castles.
Hundreds of years ago, the job of noblemen was to fight in wars.
Nowadays, most people work in services.
Match.
A
thousands of years ago
hundreds of years ago
nowadays
Complete.
Thousands of years ago, people lived
They didnt travel
They ate
10
What is a timeline?

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Your body
TEST 1
Name
Date

1. The main parts of the body are
a. the head, trunk and legs.
b. the head, chest and limbs.
c. the head, trunk and limbs.
2. The trunk is divided in two parts:
a. the upper limbs and lower limbs.
b. the thorax and abdomen.
c. the back and abdomen.
3. The brain is located
7. The main stages of life are

a. childhood, adolescence and
youth.
b. childhood, adolescence,
adulthood and old age.
c. children, adults and old people.
8. Permanent teeth grow during
a. childhood.
b. adolescence.
c. adulthood.
a. next to the heart.
9. The body prepares to have children

during
b. in the head.
c. in the stomach.
a. adolescence.
b. old age.
4. Bones form
c. adulthood.
a. the joints.
b. the muscles.
10. Melanin is
c. the skeleton.
5. The organs which are joined to the
bones and help them to move are
a. the lungs.
a. a substance in the skin which

protects us from the Sun.
b. an internal organ in the human
body.
c. one of the parts of the trunk.
b. the arms.
c. the muscles.
6. Two muscles in the arm are
a. the humerus and ulna.
b. the biceps and triceps.
c. the radius and biceps.
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Our senses
TEST 2
Name
Date

1. The eyes are the sense organs of
6. The external part of the ear is
a. sight.
a. the pinna.
b. touch.
b. the cochlea.
c. hearing.
c. the eardrum.
2. The part of the eye that captures

light is
7. When sound reaches the eardrum,

a. it stops.
a. the pupil.
b. it vibrates.
b. the lens.
c. it irritates.
c. the retina.
is a coloured ring
3. The
which controls the level of light.
8. The ears capture sound and send it

to the brain through
a. the eardrum.
a. iris
b. the optic nerve.
b. pupil
c. the auditory nerve.
c. cornea
4. The sense of sight allows us to
a. know the world around us through
sound.
b. know the world around us through
touch.
c. know the world around us through
light.
5. The sense organ of hearing is
a. the pinna.
9. The sense organ of touch is

a. your pituitary.
b. your tongue.
c. your skin.
10. The sense organ of
is inside your nose.
a. smell
b. touch
c. hearing
b. the ear.
c. the eardrum.
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Living things
TEST 3
Name
Date

1. The life processes are sensitivity,
nutrition and
6. The life process of sensitivity allows

you to
a. breathing.
a. take in food.
b. reproduction.
b. reproduce.
c. digestion.
c. respond to changes in the

environment.
2. Omnivores are animals which

a. eat other animals and plants.
b. only eat other animals.
c. only eat plants.
7. allows living things

to produce similar living things.
a. Sensitivity
b. Reproduction
3. The life process of nutrition allows

you to
a. obtain energy and nutrients for
your body.
b. sense what happens in the world
around you.
c. have children.
c. Repetition
8. Human beings are
a. oviparous.
b. viviparous.
c. oviparous and viviparous.
9. are important
organs in the process of sensitivity.
4. Plants
a. produce their own food.
a. Lungs
b. eat other living things.
b. Muscles
c. are omnivores.
c. Kidneys
5. The most important part of the

nervous system is
a. the optic nerve.
b. the auditory nerve.
c. the brain.
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10. Starfish reproduce

a. sexually.
b. asexually.
c. by mating.
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Vertebrate animals
TEST 4
Name
Date

1. Vertebrate animals
7. Birds and reptiles are
a. have a skeleton made up of bones.
a. oviparous.
b. do not have a skeleton.
b. viviparous.
c. do not have a skeleton when they

are born, but they have one later.
c. invertebrates.
2. Mammals are
8. Animals which breathe through

lungs and have scales are
a. oviparous.
a. amphibians.
b. viviparous.
b. fish.
c. amphibians.
c. reptiles.
3. Whales have
9. Amphibians
a. scales.
a. have bare skin.
b. hair.
b. do not have skin.
c. bare skin.
c. have scales.
4. Humans are
a. invertebrates.
b. primates.
c. marine mammals.
5. Chimpanzees and gorillas
a. have small brains.
10. breathe through gills

when they are born and through
lungs when they grow.
a. Fish
b. Reptiles
c. Amphibians
b. use their hands to grip objects.

c. stay in their mothers pouch for
some time.
6. Birds breathe through
a. lungs.
b. gills and lungs.
c. gills.
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TEST 5
Name
Date

1. Invertebrate animals are
7. Snails and mussels are
a. animals with bones.
a. arthropods.
b. animals without bones.
b. molluscs.
c. animals with bones but no skeleton.
c. worms.
8. Spiders have
2. Spiders are
a. arthropods.
a. eight legs.
b. molluscs.
b. six legs.
c. vertebrate animals.
c. ten legs.
9. Insects are
3. Jellyfish are
a. vertebrate animals that live
in the sea.
a. oviparous.
b. invertebrate animals that live

inthe sea.
c. oviparous when they are born

and viviparous when they grow.
c. marine arthropods.
b. viviparous.
10. Spiders eat
4. Earthworms
a. insects.
a. live in the sea.
b. worms.
b. have many legs.
c. molluscs.
c. make tunnels in the soil.

5. Insects are
a. arthropods.
b. amphibians.
c. molluscs.
6. Insect bodies are divided into
a. head, trunk and limbs.
b. head, trunk and abdomen.
c. head, thorax and abdomen.
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Machines
TEST 6
Name
Date

1. In order to function, all machines
need
7. Bicycles work using

a. electricity.
a. energy.
b. energy from people.
b. petrol.
c. combustible fuels.
c. electricity.
2. To make work easier, we use
8. A wheel is
a. a simple machine.
a. machines.
b. a compound machine.
b. torches.
c. not a machine.
c. balloons.
3. Machines can be
9. Gears are used to

a. produce electricity.
a. oviparous and viviparous.
b. lift weights.
b. simple or compound.
c. transmit movement.
c. circular or square.
4. Inclined planes are
10. A pulley is
a. a simple machine.
a. gears.
b. an electronic circuit
b. simple machines.
c. an electric circuit.
c. motors.
5. Compound machines
a. are made up of one part.
b. are made up of simple machines.
c. produce electricity.
6. Motors are part of
a. inclined planes.
b. pulleys.
c. compound machines.
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Planet Earth
TEST 7
Name
Date

1. The Earth is
6. Asia is
a. a satellite.
a. a continent.
b. a star.
b. an ocean.
c. a planet.
c. an island.
2. The thin layer of air which surrounds

the Earth is called
7. The Earth orbits

a. itself.
a. the continent.
b. the Moon.
b. the ocean.
c. the Sun.
c. the atmosphere.
3. The rotation of the Earth takes
8. Most of the surface of the Earth

iscovered by
a. 28 days.
a. land.
b. a year.
b. water.
c. a day.
c. craters.
4. There are cardinal

points.
9. The rotation of the Earth causes

a. day and night.
a. six
b. the seasons.
b. four
c. the months.
c. five
10. A map is
5. The Moon is
a. the star which orbits the Earth.
b. the planet which orbits the Sun.
c. the natural satellite which orbits
the Earth.
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a. a sphere that represents

theEarth.
b. a representation of the Sun,
theEarth and the Moon.
c. a flat drawing that represents
the surface of the Earth.
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Water
TEST 8
Name
Date

1. Water can be found in a gaseous
state, a solid state and
7. When water changes from one state

to another
a. a liquid state.
a. a change of state occurs.
b. fresh.
b. an experiment occurs.
c. in aquifers.
c. desalination occurs.
2. When water heats up it turns into
8. When water vapour cools,
a. water vapour.
a. it turns into liquid water.
b. ice.
b. it turns into ice.
c. a liquid.
c. it turns into gas.
3. Drinking water is water which

a. you can drink.
9. The change from solid to liquid

iscalled
b. you cannot drink.
a. freezing.
c. comes from seas and oceans.
b. melting.
4. At the Poles, water is found in

a. a liquid state.
b. a solid state.
c. a gaseous state.
5. Underground water deposits are called
a. oceans.
c. evaporation.
10. Clouds are made up of water
droplets in
a. a liquid state.
b. a solid state.
c. a gaseous state.
b. clouds.
c. aquifers.
6. Fresh water comes from
a. seas.
b. rivers.
c. oceans.
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Air and weather
TEST 9
Name
Date

1. All living things need
to breathe.
6. Depending on the temperature,

the weather can be
a. nitrogen
a. hot or cold.
b. oxygen
b. sunny or cloudy.
c. carbon dioxide
c. windy or rainy.
2. Air is
7. Precipitation can fall as
a. oxygen.
a. wind.
b. water vapour.
b. hail.
c. a mixture of gases.
c. gas.
3. The layer of gases that surrounds

the Earth is called
8. Extremely strong wind with rain

iscalled a
a. nitrogen.
a. hurricane.
b. the atmosphere.
b. breeze.
c. air.
c. gale.
4. Weather refers to precipitation,

temperature and
9. The season with the longest nights

is
a. air.
a. spring.
b. water.
b. summer.
c. wind.
c. winter.
5. The typical weather conditions in one

area is
10. The state of the atmosphere at

aparticular time and place is
a. winter.
a. climate.
b. the climate.
b. wind.
c. the weather.
c. weather.
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Landscapes
TEST 10
Name
Date

1. Mountains are
a. areas of land near the sea.
7. A large area of sea the bites into

the land is
b. areas of flat land.
a. a cape.
c. areas of high land with steep

slopes.
b. a bay.
2. The highest part of a mountain is

a. the summit.
c. a gulf.
8. A large flowing body of water which
begins in a high area is
b. the slopes.
a. a river.
c. the foot.
b. a lake.
3. are high areas of flat

land with little vegetation.
a. Valleys
b. Flood plains
c. Moors
4. Mountains, plains and rivers are
a. natural features.
b. natural features made by man.
c. man-made features.
5. Areas of land near the sea are called
c. a reservoir.
9. The volume of water in a river is
a. the flow.
b. the course.
c. the river bed.
10. The mouth of a river is near
a. the upper course.
b. the middle course.
c. the lower course.
a. valleys.
b. coastal landscapes.
c. inland landscapes.
6. are areas of high
land near the sea.
a. Cliffs
b. Mountains
c. Beaches
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Villages and cities
TEST 11
Name
Date

1. Places with a small population are
6. The oldest part of a city is
a. cities.
a. the modern district.
b. countries.
b. the suburbs.
c. villages
c. the historic centre.
2. In villages, streets usually lead to
7. In cities, most people work
a. the cathedral.
a. on farms.
b. the main square.
b. in forests.
c. the fountain.
c. in offices.
3. In mountain villages, many

people are
8. In mountain villages,
a. streets are long and narrow.
a. farmers.
b. streets are long and steep.
b. fishermen.
c. streets are steep and narrow.
c. miners.
9. In cities,
4. In villages on the coast,

is very important.
a. farming
b. streets are long and steep.

c. streets are long and wide.
b. tourism
c. taking care of forests
5. The modern district of a city often
surrounds
a. the city centre.
a. streets are long and narrow.
10. Housing estates are usually

a. in the centre of villages.
b. outside village centres.
c. in the historic centre of cities.
b. the main square.

c. the suburbs.
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Jobs
TEST 12
Name
Date

1. is working the land to
obtain food and other products.
6. is when animals live

in the open and eat grass or grain.
a. Crop farming
a. Intensive farming
b. Stockbreeding
b. Free-range farming
c. Fishing
c. Stockbreeding
2. To stop insects harming their crops,

farmers
7. is done a long way

from the coast on big boats.
a. spray the plants with pesticides.
a. Intensive fishing
b. sow the seeds.
b. Coastal fishing
c. plough the fields.
c. Deep-sea fishing
3. Dry crops need

a. water from irrigation channels.
8. is extracting stones
and minerals from under the ground.
b. water from sprinklers.
a. Stockbreeding
c. little water.
b. Mining
4. Vegetables, fruit, rice and corn are

a. dry crops.
b. industrial crops.
c. irrigation crops.
5. Sheep are
a. cattle.
b. poultry.
c. livestock.
c. Forestry
9. are natural
resources which are used in industry.
a. Raw materials
b. Manufactured products
c. Assembly lines
10. Industries can be primary,
consumer or
a. farming.
b. forestry.
c. technological.
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Work and services
TEST 13
Name
Date

1. does not make
aproduct. It provides for the needs
of people.
a. An industry
6. Electronic commerce is done through

a. consumers.
b. traders.
c. the Internet.
b. A service
c. A raw material
2. Public services are provided by
7. services move
passengers and merchandise from
one place to another.
a. consumers
a. Recreational
b. wholesalers
b. Communications
c. the government
c. Transport
3. services are provided

in museums, theatres or cinemas.
8. Transport which is not private is

a. public.
a. Cultural
b. cultural.
b. Sport
c. rural.
c. Tourism
4. People who make products are
9. Information is sent from one place

to another using
a. consumers.
a. means of communication.
b. traders.
b. means of transport.
c. producers.
c. consumer rights.
5. There are two types of traders:
10. E-mail is an example of
a. producers and consumers.
a. the media.
b. wholesalers and retailers.
b. personal communication.
c. shopkeepers and retailers.
c. public communication.
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Local government
TEST 14
Name
Date

1. The institution which organises
municipal services is
a. the police.
7. An election manifesto explains

what will do
if elected.
b. the town hall.
a. the candidates
c. the local council.
b. the citizens
2. The head of the local council is

a. the councillor.
b. the president.
c. the mayor.
8. visit local food

shops to check that the food we buy
is healthy.
a. Gardeners
3. Local elections are held every

a. four years.
b. Town planners
c. Food hygiene inspectors
b. year.
9. are in charge
ofrecycling rubbish.
c. two years.
4.
council.
c. the inspectors
make up the local
a. The councillors
b. The councillors and the citizens
c. The councillors and the mayor
5. The mayor is elected by
a. Cultural services
b. Sanitation services
c. Police services
10. If you want to build a house, you
must contact
a. the recreational services.
a. the citizens.
b. the sanitation services.
b. the councillors.
c. the town planning services.
c. the town hall.

6. The local council works in
a. the town hall.
b. the municipal sports centre.
c. the housing estate.
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Finding out about the past
TEST 15
Name
Date

1. Time is divided into
a. yesterday, today and tomorrow.
7. Thousands of years ago, people

lived in
b. past, present and future.
a. castles.
c. childhood, adolescence and

old age.
b. houses.
2. Everything which will happen later is

a. the future.
c. huts.
8. Hundreds of years ago, people
travelled by
b. the present.
a. trains.
c. the past.
b. boats.
c. aeroplanes.
3. A decade is
9. Noblemen
a. 100 years.
b. 20 years.
a. lived in big castles.
c. 10 years.
b. travelled by cart.
c. made things of iron.
4. Very old buildings are

a. historical monuments.
b. historical symbols.
10.
by train.
many people travel
a. Nowadays
c. traditions.
b. Hundreds of years ago
5. A monument is
a. a written historical record.
c. Thousands of years ago
b. a physical historical record.

c. a pictorial historical record.
6. The customs of a city, town or village
are called
a. traditions.
b. symbols.
c. history.
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Answer key
ASSESSMENTs and tests
1 Your body
1. Classify the words.
Head: forehead, face Trunk: abdomen, back Limbs: leg, arm
Left top to bottom: brain, stomach, muscle
Right top to bottom: lung, kidney, bone
3. Write a personal trait which differentiates one person from another.
M.A. hair colour.
4. What are ligaments?
Ligaments hold moveable joints together.
5. What is melanin?
M.A. Melanin is responsible for the colour of our eyes, our hair and our skin.
6. Complete.
Bones are hard, strong, rigid organs. They form the skeleton. It supports the weight of the body.
The muscles are elastic organs which are attached to the bones and help them to move.
7. What is a joint? Explain and give two examples.
M.A. A joint is the place where bones join together. For example, the elbow and the knee.
8. Look at the diagrams and answer.
What muscle contracts when you bend your arm? The biceps.
What muscle contracts when you extend your arm? The triceps.
9. List the four main stages of life.
childhood, adolescence, adulthood, old age
10. Write each stage of life.
Your body prepares to become an adult: adolescence.
The first stage of life: childhood.
Bones become fragile and muscles grow weaker: old age.
Your body is fully developed: adulthood.
Test 1
1. c, 2. b, 3. b, 4. c, 5. c, 6. b, 7. b, 8. a, 9. a, 10. a.
2Our senses
1. Write the sense organs.
eyes, ears, nose, tongue, skin
2. Label the parts of the eye.
1. cornea, 2. lens, 3. retina, 4. optic nerve
3. Complete.
The eyes are the senses organs of sight.
Eyelids, eye lashes and eyebrows protect the eyes.
The pupil is the hole in the centre of the iris though which light passes.
When we see an object, the information is sent to the brain through the optic nerve.
4. Label the parts of the ear.
Left top to bottom: pinna, ear drum Right top to bottom: small bones, cochlea
5. Circle the correct word.
The outer ear captures sound through the pinna.
The cochlea sends the sound through the auditory nerve to the brain.
The brain interprets the information.
6. What part of your nose captures smells?
The smell receptors.
Touch is the sense which allows you to identify characteristics of the objects around you.
The sense organ of touch is the skin.
T Smells enter the nose through the nostrils.
F Tears keep our eyes dry.
T The tongue is the main sense organ of taste.
F We feel pain through our taste buds.
T The small bumps covering our tongue are the taste buds.
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Answer key ASSESSMENTs and tests

9. Write the corresponding sense organ.
cochlea: ear
taste bud: tongue
nasal cavity: nose
iris: eye
10. What are the five basic flavours?
sweet, salty, sour, bitter, umami
pupil: eye
auditory nerve: ear
Test 2
1. a, 2. c, 3. a, 4. c, 5. b, 6. a, 7. b, 8. c, 9. c, 10. a.
3 Living things
1. What are three of the life processes?
Nutrition, sensitivity and reproduction.
2. Write the life process.
It allows living things to absorb the essential nutrients for life. Nutrition
It allows living things to respond to changes in the environment. Sensitivity
It allows living things to produce new living things. Reproduction
3. What two things does nutrition provide you with? Explain.
M.A. Nutrition provides us with energy to run, play and study.
Nutrition also provides us with nutrients to grow and be healthy.
carnivore: an animal which eats other animals.
omnivore: an animal which eats other animals and plants.
5. Complete.
Plants produce their own food through photosynthesis. They take
water and mineral salts from the soil through their roots.
They take carbon dioxide from the air through their leaves.
Energy from sunlight is also taken through the leaves.
6. Number the sentences in order and complete.
1 The dog sees a ball.
2 The image of the ball reaches the dogs brain.
3 The dogs brain sends an order to the muscles to play with the ball.
4 The dog plays with the ball.
The life process is sensitivity.
7. Circle the organs which are part of the process of sensitivity.
Circle: nerves, brain, sense organs
8. Look at the illustration and complete the sentence.
Some plants reproduce asexually, without flowers or seeds.
9. Write two examples of each type of animal.
oviparous: M.A. bird, frog
viviparous: M.A. cat, cow
10. Number the sentences in order.
1 The plant grows flowers.
2 Seeds are formed from the flowers.
3 The seeds fall to the ground and germinate.
4 A new plant begins to grow.
Test 3
1. b, 2. a, 3. c, 4. a, 5. c, 6. c, 7. b, 8. b, 9. b, 10. b.
4 Vertebrate animals
1. Write the five groups of vertebrate animals.
mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish
2. What group do these animals belong to?
A. reptiles, B. birds, C. mammals, D. amphibians, E. fish
3. Tick the correct options.
All mammals:
have bones.
are born from their mothers womb.
drink their mothers milk.
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4. Write an example of each type of animal.
marine mammal: dolphin flying mammal: bat primate: gorilla
5. Cross out the three mistakes.
Reptiles are viviparous animals. They breathe through gills. Their skin is covered with scales.
Most of them live on land and slither.
6. Complete the sentences with Fish or Amphibians.
Amphibians have bare skin.
Fish breathe only through gills.
Amphibians breathe through gills and through their skin.
7. Circle the word related to birds in each pair.
Cicle: animals, vertebrate, feathers, wings, oviparous
8. What animal is it?
It is a frog.
9. Write the name of two animals which belong to this group of vertebrates. M.A.
They breathe through lungs: rabbits and squirrels.
They have scales: snakes and crocodiles.
They breathe through gills: sharks and sardines.
The move using fins: dolphins and carp.
Mammals
Reptiles
Birds
Fish
Amphibians
Breathe through
lungs
lungs
lungs
gills
lungs and skin
Their body is covered with
fur or hair
scales
feathers
scales
bare skin
They move using
legs
legs
wings
fins
legs
Their reproduction is
viviparous
oviparous
oviparous
oviparous
oviparous
Test 4
1. a, 2. b, 3. c, 4. b, 5. b, 6. a, 7. a, 8. c, 9. a, 10. c.
5Invertebrate animals
1. Complete with vertebrate or invertebrate.
All vertebrate animals have got a skeleton.
All invertebrate animals havent got a backbone.
2. Write the names of four groups of invertebrates.
jellyfish, worms, molluscs, arthropods
3. Write four invertebrates.
It has a soft body. M.A. worm
It has a hard shell. M.A. snail
It lives on land.
M.A. butterfly
It lives in the sea. M.A. octopus
T Jellyfish have tentacles.
T Some worms live in the sea.
T Snails have one flat foot for moving.
F Spiders have long thin bodies.
5. Match. Then, complete.
spider: eight legs butterfly: six legs
Spiders and butterflies belong to a group of animals called arthropods.
6. Name the three main body parts of an insect.
head, thorax, abdomen
7. Label the body parts of the fly.
Left top to bottom: thorax, antenna, head Right top to bottom: wing, abdomen, leg
8. Number the illustrations in order.
A. 1, B. 3, C. 2, D. 4
9. Circle the correct option about insects.
They are invertebrate animals.
They have six legs.
They have two antennae.
They are oviparous.
10. Which animal is it? Read and write the name. insect / beetle
Test 5
1. b, 2. a, 3. b, 4. c, 5. a, 6. c, 7. b, 8. a, 9. a, 10. a.
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6 Machines
1. What is a machine?
M.A. A machine is a device that allows you to work better, faster and easier. Machines save time and energy.
2. Match.
A watch measures time.
A saw cuts wood.
A pulley lifts heavy objects.
A wheelbarrow carries heavy objects.
3. Is a computer a machine? Explain.
M.A. A computer is a machine. It has many parts, and we can use it to write, listen to music, watch films, and
communicate with people on the Internet. It allows us to work better, faster and easier.
4. What do machines need in order to function?
Machines need energy to function.
5. What type of energy does each of these machines need to function?
A. Hammer human force
B. Boat wind
C. Electric whisk electricity
D. Aeroplane combustible fuels
6. What is the difference between a simple machine and a compound machine?
Simple machines have one or few parts. They work with one movement.
Compound machines are made up of two or more simple machines working together.
7. Complete.
Machines can be simple or compound.
Simple machines: M.A. wheel, pulley, lever.
8. Write the four groups of compound machines.
motors, gears, electric circuits, electronic circuits
F A pulley makes it difficult to lift heavy objects.
T A ramp is an inclined plane.
T A lever is a bar which rests on a pivot point.
F A wheel turns on a pivot point.
10. What machine is it?
A wheel.
Test 6
1. a, 2. a, 3. b, 4. b, 5. b, 6. c, 7. b, 8. a, 9. c, 10. a.
7 Planet Earth
T We live on planet Earth.
T The surface of the Earth is covered with land and water.
T The Earth is surrounded by a layer of air called the atmosphere.
F Most of the Earth is covered with land.
2. Match.
Sun: The closest star to the Earth.
Earth: A planet in the Solar System.
Moon: The Earths natural satellite.
3. Write rotation or revolution.
It takes 24 hours.
rotation
It takes 365 days.
revolution
It causes the four seasons. revolution
It causes day and night. rotation
4. Write rotation or revolution under the correct diagram.
revolution, rotation
5. Write the names of the four Moon phases.
full moon, waning moon, waxing moon, new moon
6. Why is it day in some places on Earth and night in other places?
M.A. The rotation of the Earth on its axis causes day and night. As the Earth rotates,
it is day in the half that receives light from the Sun. It is night in the half that does not receive light.
7. Tick the correct sentence.
At sunrise, the Sun is in the east and at sunset, it is in the west.
8. Match.
map: A flat drawing which represents parts of the surface of the Earth.
Earth globe: A sphere which represents the Earth on a small scale.
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9. Label the diagram of the Earth.
Left: Southern Hemisphere, South Pole
Right: North Pole, Northern Hemisphere, Equator
10. Write the names of the six continents.
America, Europe, Asia, Africa, Oceania, Antarctica
Test 7
1. c, 2. c, 3. c, 4. b, 5. c, 6. a, 7. c, 8. b, 9. a, 10. c.
8 Water
1. Complete.
People, animals and plants need water to live.
2. Write four uses of water.
M. A. For drinking, for washing, in factories, to water plants.
3. Where is salt water found in nature?
In seas and oceans.
4. Where is fresh water found in nature?
In rivers, streams and lakes.
5. Write an example.
Water as a solid: ice. Water as a gas: water vapour. Water as a liquid: water in rivers.
T Drinking water is water in a liquid state.
F Groundwater is water in a gaseous state.
T There is water in a solid state at the North and South Poles.
7. Write the change of state of water.
When liquid water turns into ice.
freezing
When liquid water turns into water vapour. evaporation
When ice turns into liquid water.
melting
When water vapour turns into liquid water condensation
8. Look at the illustration and write the correct number.
1 sea, 2 groundwater, 3 snow, 4 clouds, 5 rain, 6 river
9. Complete the text about the water cycle.
The water in seas, rivers and lakes heats up and turns into water vapour. As the water vapour cools down,
it condenses and forms clouds. The water in the clouds falls to Earth as rain, snow or hail. Rain falls in rivers
and goes to the sea. Some rain goes into the ground as groundwater.
10. Answer.
What is an aquifer? A large deposit of groundwater.
Where does the water in aquifers come from? The water comes from rain. This water goes through
the soil and collects in empty spaces.
How is groundwater extracted? Groundwater is extracted using wells.
Test 8
1. a, 2. a, 3. c, 4. b, 5. a, 6. a, 7. b, 8. a, 9. b, 10. a.
9 Air and weather
T Air is a mixture of gases. F Air always has the same shape.
T Oxygen is the second most abundant gas in air. F Living things do not need oxygen to breathe.
2. What is air used for? Write three examples. M.A.
We need air to breathe. We need air to hear sound. Fire needs oxygen in order to burn.
3. Does air have weight? Answer and explain using an example.
M. A. Air has weight. For example, a balloon with air inside weighs more than a balloon with no air inside.
4. What is the atmosphere?
The atmosphere is the layer of gases that surrounds the Earth.
5. What is the difference between weather and climate?
Weather is the state of the atmosphere at a particular time and place. Climate is the typical weather
conditions in one area.
6. What does weather refer to?
Weather refers to temperature, precipitation and wind.
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7. Circle the words which are related to weather.
storm, snow, rain, hail, wind
8. Classify.
Precipitation: rain, hail, snow Wind: gale, breeze, hurricane
9. What are the typical weather conditions in each season? Complete the chart.
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Temperature
cold
warm
hot
mild
Precipitation
It can snow.
rain
little rain
rain
10. Look at the illustrations and answer. M.A.

What season does illustration A represent? Explain.
It represents winter because there is snow.
What season does illustration B represent? Explain.
It represents spring because there are lots of flowers and grass.
Test 9
1. b 2. c, 3. b, 4. c, 5. b, 6. a, 7. b, 8. a, 9. c, 10. c.
10 Landscapes
1. Label the parts of the mountain.
summit
slope
foot
2. What is a moor?
A moor is a high area of flat land with little vegetation.
3. Describe a plain.
A plain is a very large area of flat land.
4. Circle three natural features in blue. Circle three man-made features in red.
Natural features: M.A. mountains, river, animals
Man-made features: M.A. bridge, village, road
5. Explain the difference between coastal plains and cliffs.
Coastal plains are areas of low land on the coast. The land is flat, and there are beaches with
sand and rocks. Cliffs are areas of high land near the sea. The land is high and rocky.
cliffs
island
peninsula
bay
beach
7. What is a river?
A river is a large, flowing body of water.
8. Complete.
The ground over which a river flows is called a river bed.
The course of a river is the journey from the source to the mouth.
The volume of water in a river is the flow.
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upper course
middle course
lower course
10. Explain the difference between lakes and reservoirs.
Lakes are large areas of fresh water surrounded by land. They form naturally. Reservoirs are man-made lakes.
Test 10
1. c, 2. a, 3. c, 4. a, 5. b, 6. a, 7. c, 8. a, 9. a, 10. c.
11 Villages and cities
1. Is this an illustration of a village or a city? Explain.
M.A. It is a village because the houses are low and the streets are short and lead to a main square.
2. Write V for village or C for city.
V Not many people live here. C There are shopping centres.
C Many buildings are tall. C The streets are long and wide.
V Most houses are low. V The streets are short and narrow.
Mountain villages
What kind of jobs
do people do?
Villages on plains
Villages on the coast
Cities
farming
fishing
tourism
businesses
offices
factories
farming
taking care of forests
4. Describe houses in mountain villages.

Walls: they are thick to keep out the cold.
Roofs: they are sloped so the snow falls off.
5. What are three examples of rural tourism?
M.A. fishing, cycling, horse riding
6. Write two advantages and two disadvantages of living in a city.
Advantages: M.A. many services such as shops and hospitals
Disadvantages: M.A. pollution from traffic, it takes a lot of time to travel
7. Label the three main parts of a city.
A. the suburbs, B. the modern district, C. the historic centre
8. Write definitions for these words.
Coastal village: a village by the sea.
Housing estate: a group of houses that look very similar.
Test 11
1. c, 2. b, 3. a, 4. b, 5. a, 6. c, 7. c, 8. c, 9. c, 10. b.
12 Jobs
1. Match.
Crop farming: working the land to obtain food and other products.
Irrigation: watering plants using irrigation channels or sprinklers.
Dry farming: a method of growing crops in dry areas.
2. Number the sentences in order.
1 Plough the fields. 2 Fertilise the soil. 3 Sow the seeds. 4 Harvest the crops.
3. Write two examples.
livestock: M.A. sheep, pigs cattle: cows, bulls poultry: chickens, turkeys
4. Complete.
In intensive farming, animals live in pens and barns.
Coastal fishing is done near the coast.
In free-range farming, animals live in the open.
Deep-sea fishing is done a long way from the coast.
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5. What is a fish farm?
A fish farm is a place where farmers breed fish and shellfish. Fish farms are built near rivers or on the coast.
6. Explain the difference between open mining and underground mining.
M.A. Open mining is when miners dig quarries to obtain minerals from near the surface of the Earth. Underground
mining is when miners dig deep tunnels below the surface to obtain minerals that are deep under the Earth.
7. Answer.
What are raw materials? Raw materials are natural resources, for example wood and cotton.
What are manufactured products? Manufactured products are products made in a factory from a raw material.
8. Number the illustrations of the industrial process in order.
Left to right: 3, 1, 2
Left column: primary industry, for example the steel industry
Middle column: consumer industry, for example the car industry
Right column: technological industry, for example the computer industry
10. Why are there more industries in cities than in villages?
M.A. In cities there are more people to work in the factories. It is easier to receive supplies and to transport the
manufactured products because there are more roads and railways.
Test 12
1. a, 2. a, 3. c, 4. c, 5. c, 6. b, 7. c, 8. b, 9. a, 10. c.
13 Work and services
1. What are services?
M.A. Services are jobs that help people by providing a service. They can be public or private.
2. Circle the illustration of a service.
Circle C.
3. Who provides these services?
Public services: the government
Private services: individuals and private companies
4. Match.
firefighters: public services
banks: private services
police: public services
hotels: private services
5. Write two examples.
Health services: M.A. hospitals, clinics
Cultural services: M.A. museums, theatres
Tourism services: M.A. travel agencies, hotels
Transport services: M.A. buses, taxis
6. Write producer, consumer or trader.
trader, producer, consumer
7. Define.
Retailers: they buy products from wholesalers and then sell them to consumers.
Wholesalers: they buy large quantities of a product from a producer and sell it to retailers.
8. What is electronic commerce?
Electronic commerce is shopping on the Internet.
Means of transport: public, private
Transport networks: roads and motorways, railway tracks, flight paths, sea routes
10. Write two examples for each. M.A.
The media: newspapers, television Individual communication: telephones, letters
Test 13
1. b, 2. c, 3. a, 4. c, 5. b, 6. c, 7. c, 8. a, 9. a, 10. b.
14 Local government
1. What is a town hall?
A town hall is the building where the local council works.
2. What is the difference between the mayor and a councillor?
The mayor is the head of the local council. Councillors are members of the local council who help
the mayor organise municipal services.
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3. Why is the following sentence not correct?
In local elections, the citizens elect the councillors, who then elect the mayor. They do not elect the mayor directly.
4. Complete the chart with the words in the box.
The local council is made up of the mayor and the councillors who meet in the town hall.
5. Answer.
Who votes in local elections?
The citizens of a town or city who are 18 years old or over.
Every four years.
6. Who organises municipal services?
The local council.
7. Complete the chart with the names of five municipal services.
M.A. schools, hospitals, street lighting, police, rubbish collection
8. Write the correct municipal service.
They keep the streets safe: local police
They organise town festivals: cultural services
They clean the streets: sanitation services
They maintain road signs: highway services
They inspect food shops: food hygiene inspection services
9. What municipal service should you phone?
A. local police B. highway services
10. Why do people need municipal services?
M.A. People need municipal services so that they can live in their town safely and comfortably.
Test 14
1. c, 2. c, 3. a, 4. c, 5. b, 6. a, 7. a, 8. c, 9. b, 10. c.
15 Finding out about the past
1. What things can help you find out about your personal history?
M.A. photographs, videos, books, paintings, objects, diaries.
2. Match.
past: What happened before now.
future: What will happen later.
decade: Ten years.
century: A hundred years.
3. Classify these historical records.
Pictorial record: B. photograph
Written record: A. book
Physical record: C. sword
4. Complete.
Flags and coats of arms are the historical symbols of a town.
Traditional foods, dances and songs are the traditions of a town.
Carnival, New Years Eve or celebrations in honour of a patron saint are festivals.
5. Write the correct word under each illustration.
A. historical symbol, B. local festival, C. Traditional dance
6. Give an example of a historical monument in your town.
O.A.
F Thousands of years ago, people lived in castles.
T Hundreds of years ago, the job of noblemen was to fight in wars.
T Nowadays, most people work in services.
8. Match.
A. hundreds of years ago B. nowadays C. thousands of years ago
9. Complete.
Thousands of years ago, people lived in huts made of branches and animal skins.
They didnt travel very far because they walked everywhere.
They ate wild plants, hunted animals and caught fish.
10. What is a timeline?
A timeline is diagram to put past events in order. A timeline can be divided into days, years or longer periods of time.
Test 15
1. b, 2. a, 3. c, 4. a, 5. b, 6. a, 7. c, 8. b, 9. a, 10. a.
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TERM ASSESSMENT
Name
1
Date
Describe the movement of muscles and bones in A and B.

A

Tick the correct option.

Our body has three parts: head, thorax and abdomen.
The lower limbs are the legs.
The trunk is divided in two parts: thorax and back.
Complete the chart.

Sight
Hearing
Smell
Taste
Touch
Sense organ(s)
This sense allows you to capture
4
What function does the brain have in the sense of sight? Explain.

Complete.
The life process of
to changes in the environment.
During the life process of
essential nutrients.
living things take in food and absorb
The life process of

new living things of their own kind.
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is the ability of living things to respond
is the ability of all living things to produce
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1
6
Write two examples of how plants interact with the environment.


Mammals are viviparous animals which breathe through lungs.
Reptiles are viviparous animals which breathe through lungs.
Birds are oviparous animals which breathe through lungs.
Adult amphibians breathe through lungs and through their skin.
Fish are viviparous animals which breathe through gills.
Answer.
How do dolphins breathe?
What animal group do bats belong to?
What type of reptiles does not have four legs?
What group of animals has scales and breathes through gills?

Complete.
The bodies of insects have three parts:
and
,
.
The offspring of insects which have just hatched from their eggs are called
The thorax of an insect contains six
and four
10 Complete the chart.

are classified into
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TERM ASSESSMENT
Name
1
Date
Classify these machines.

B
Simple
machines
Compound
machines
Look at the illustration. What type of machine it is?

Why is the Sun important to the Earth?

Explain why this statement is not correct.

The Earth orbits the Sun. This movement causes day and night.

Write the change of state of water.

A
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2
6
Describe the water cycle.

Write three properties of air.

Answer.
What is wind?

Depending on the temperature, what can the weather be like?

What kinds of precipitation are there?

Match each feature with a type of landscape.

summit
cliff
slope
peninsula
mountain landscape
coastal landscape
archipelago
foot
10 Explain the difference between the course and the flow of a river.

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TERM ASSESSMENT
Name
1
Date
Is it a village or a city?
low buildings
short, narrow streets
not many people live there
It is a .
2
Why is this sentence not correct? Read and explain.

Rural tourism is becoming very popular in cities.

Give two examples of each.

Crop farming
Stockbreeding
Fishing
What does each type of industry make?

Primary industries
Consumer industries
Technological industries

Write three examples of jobs in the service industry.

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3
6
What are means of communication? Explain and give an example.

Look at the diagram. Explain how a mayor is elected.

mayor

councillors

citizens
8
Write two examples of each municipal service.

Sanitation services
Cultural services
Recreational services
What documents can you use to find out about the history of your town?

10 Complete.
Thousands of years ago, people lived in
Nowadays, people live in
Hundreds of years ago, people travelled by
Nowadays, people travel by
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.
.
.
.
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TERM 1 TEST
Name
Date

1. Bones join together at
6. are living things

which eat animals and plants.
a. the muscles.
b. the ligaments.
a. Omnivores
c. the joints.
b. Carnivores
2. The bones in the forearm are

a. the radius and ulna.
c. Herbivores
7. Mammals are
b. the humerus and biceps.
a. oviparous.
c. the triceps and elbow.
b. viviparous.
3. When sound reaches

the , it vibrates.
a. cochlea
b. eardrum
capture odours.
a. Smell receptors
b. Fish
c. Amphibians
9. Spiders are
b. Nostrils
a. insects.
c. Taste buds
5. The sense organs send information
to the brain through
a. bones.
8. are animals which

breathe through lungs and have
skin covered in scales.
a. Reptiles
c. pinna
4.
c. carnivores.
b. molluscs.
c. arthropods.
10. Most insects have four
b. muscles.
a. legs.
c. nerves.
b. antennae.
c. wings.
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TERM 2 TEST
Name
Date

1. Machines which have one or few
parts are
6. When ice heats up and turns into

liquid water, occurs.
a. simple.
a. evaporation
b. compound.
b. melting
c. wheels and motors.
c. condensation
2. A pulley is a rope wrapped around
7. The movement of air is called
a. a wheel.
a. wind.
b. a chip.
b. gas.
c. a circuit.
c. precipitation.
3. The closest star to the Earth is

a. the Sun.
8. In the Northern Hemisphere,

the 21st March is the first day of
b. the Moon.
a. autumn.
c. a planet.
b. summer.
4. It takes for the Earth

to orbit the Sun.
c. spring.
9. The steep sides of a mountain are
a. four weeks
a. the slopes.
b. a month
b. the summit.
c. a year
c. the moors.
5. When water vapour condenses,

it forms
10. A narrow piece of land surrounded

by water on three sides is called
a. clouds.
a. a peninsula.
b. rivers.
b. a bay.
c. aquifers.
c. an isthmus.
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TERM 3 TEST
Name
Date

1. The part of a city which surrounds
the centre is called
a. the historic centre.
6. buy products from

wholesalers and sell them
to consumers.
b. the modern district.
a. Retailers
c. the suburbs.
b. Producers
2. In most people know

each other because the population
is small.
c. Agents
7. Firefighting, street lighting and food
hygiene inspection are
a. cities
a. private services.
b. towns
b. school services.
c. villages
c. municipal services.
3. In farming, animals
live in pens and eat dry feed.
8. The ____________ is responsible for

organising municipal services.
a. free-range
a. neighbourhood
b. intensive
b. district
c. poultry
c. local council
4. Sea fishing near the coast in small

boats and using nets is
9. What is happening now is

a. the future.
a. coastal fishing.
b. the present.
b. deep-sea fishing.
c. the past.
c. fish farming.
10. Thousands of years ago, people
5. People who work in

do not make objects or products.
a. coastal fishing
b. services
a. travelled by boat.
b. travelled by train.
c. walked everywhere.
c. stockbreeding
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Answer key
TERM assessments
Term 1 Assessment
1. Describe the movement of muscles and bones in A and B.
In A, when the biceps contracts the arm bends at the elbow.
In B, when the triceps contracts the arm stretches.
2. Tick the correct option.
The lower limbs are the legs.
Sight
Hearing
Smell
Taste
Touch
Sense organ(s)
eyes
ears
nose
tongue
skin
This sense allows

you to capture
shape, colour and size

of objects
sounds
smells
flavours
the characteristics
of things you touch
4. What function does the brain have in the sense of sight? Explain.
The information that the eyes capture is sent to the brain through the optic nerve.
The brain receives and interprets the information.
5. Complete.
The life process of sensitivity is the ability of living things to respond to changes in the environment.
During the life process of nutrition living things take in food and absorb essential nutrients.
The life process of reproduction is the ability of all living things to produce new living things of their own kind.
6. Write two examples of how plants interact with the environment.
M.A. Plants grow towards light, which is necessary for photosynthesis. Plant roots grow towards water,
which is necessary for photosynthesis.
T Mammals are viviparous animals which breathe through lungs.
F Reptiles are viviparous animals which breathe through lungs.
T Birds are oviparous animals which breathe through lungs.
T Adult amphibians breathe through lungs and through their skin.
F Fish are viviparous animals which breathe through gills.
8. Answer.
How do dolphins breathe? Dolphins swim to the surface to breathe in oxygen from the air.
They are mammals and they have lungs.
What animal group do bats belong to? Bats are flying mammals.
What type of reptiles does not have four legs? Snakes.
What group of animals has scales and breathes through gills? Fish.
9. Complete.
The bodies of insects have three parts: the head,
the thorax and the abdomen.
The offspring of insects which have just hatched from their eggs are called larvae.
The thorax of an insect contains six legs and four wings.
Invertebrate animals are classified into jellyfish, worms, molluscs and arthropods.
Term 1 Test
1. c, 2. a, 3. b, 4. a, 5. c, 6. a, 7. b, 8. a, 9. c, 10. c.
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Answer key TERM ASSESSMENTs

Term 2 Assessment
1. Classify these machines.
Simple machines: A. scissors, D. wheel, F. pulley
Compound machines: B. fan, C. telephone, E. drill
2. Look at the illustration. What type of machine it is?
M.A. It is a nutcracker. It is a simple machine. It is made of two levers joined together.
It works with one movement.
3. Why is the Sun important to the Earth?
Life on Earth is possible because the Sun provides Earth with light and heat.
4. Explain why this statement is not correct.
The Earth orbits the Sun. This movement causes the four seasons.
5. Write the change of state of water.
A. melting, B. evaporation, C. freezing
6. Describe the water cycle.
M.A. Water from the sea evaporates. Water vapor condenses and the tiny water droplets form clouds.
Wind moves the clouds over land. Water from clouds falls as rain, snow or hail. Rain falls in the rivers
and goes to the sea. Some rain goes into the ground as groundwater.
7. Write three properties of air.
M.A. Air is invisible. Air has weight. Air has no shape.
8. Answer.
What is wind? Wind is the movement of air.
Depending on the temperature, what can the weather be like? It can be hot or cold.
What kinds of precipitation are there? Rain, snow and hail.
9. Match each feature with a type of landscape.
mountain landscape: summit, slope, foot
coastal landscape: cliff, peninsula, archipelago
10. Explain the difference between the course and the flow of a river.
The course is the journey of a river from the source to the mouth. The flow is the volume of water in a river.
Term 2 Test
1. a, 2. a, 3. a, 4. c, 5. a, 6. b, 7. a, 8. c, 9. a, 10. a.
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Answer key TERM ASSESSMENTs

Term 3 Assessment
1. Is it a village or a city?
It is a village.
2. Why is this sentence not correct? Read and explain.
M.A. Rural tourism is popular in rural areas, not in cities. Rural tourism is when tourists visit
the countryside and mountain villages.
3. Give two examples of each.
Crop farming: food crops, industrial crops
Stockbreeding: intensive farming, free-range farming
Fishing: coastal fishing, deep-sea fishing
4. What does each type of industry make?
Primary industries transform raw materials into other materials that are used by other industries.
Consumer industries make products to sell directly.
Technological industries use very modern machines to make new products, for example computers.
5. Write three examples of jobs in the service industry.
M.A. police officer, teacher, bus driver
6. What are means of communication? Explain and give an example.
We use means of communication to send information from one place to another. Means of communication
can be personal, for example letters or e-mails, or the media, for example television and newspaper.
7. Look at the diagram. Explain how a mayor is elected.
In local elections, the citizens of a town or city elect the councillors. The councillors then elect
one of their members to be the mayor.
8. Write two examples of each municipal service.
Sanitation services: M.A. street lighting and rubbish collection.
Cultural services: M.A. public libraries and organising town festivals.
Recreational services: M.A. maintaining municipal sports centres and swimming pools.
9. What documents can you use to find out about the history of your town?
You can use historical records, such as books or photographs.
10. Complete.
Thousands of years ago, people lived in huts.
Nowadays, people live in houses and flats.
Hundreds of years ago, people travelled by horse, by foot, by cart or by boat.
Nowadays people travel by cars, trains, boats and aeroplanes.
Term 3 Test
1. b, 2. c, 3. b, 4. a, 5. b, 6. a, 7. c, 8. c, 9. b, 10. c.
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FINAL ASSESSMENT
Name
1
Date
Write A for animals or P for plants.

Eat other living things.
Move from one place to another.
Grow towards light.
Produce fruit.
Produce their own food.
Have offspring.
Write two examples.

Herbivore
Carnivore
Omnivore
Circle the words related to insects bodies.

legs abdomen trunk fins hair
thorax wings head limbs
What is the difference between vertebrate and invertebrate animals?

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Complete.
The Earth rotates on its axis. This movement is called
It takes the Earth
.
to complete a rotation.
The movement of the Earth around the Sun is called

The Earth takes
7
to complete a revolution around the Sun.
Complete the diagram.

freezing evaporation condensation melting

solid
liquid

gaseous


Consumer rights:

Election manifesto:

Assembly line:

Circle the odd one out.

crop irrigation plough cattle
council mayor wholesaler councillor
peninsula isthmus cape summit
10 Write two types of historical records.

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FINAL TEST
Name
Date

1. Muscles and bones work together to
a. digest food.
b. produce movement.
c. protect the body from diseases.
2. The main stages of life are

a. childhood and youth.
b. adulthood, childhood and old age.
c. childhood, adolescence, adulthood and old age.
3. The part of the eye which captures light is
a. the retina.
b. the pupil.
c. the cornea.
4. The four numbered parts are

1
a. 1. pinna; 2. eardrum; 3. iris; 4. auditory nerve.

b. 1. pinna; 2. small bones; 3. eardrum; 4. cochlea.
c. 1. pinna; 2. eardrum; 3. small bones; 4. cochlea.
5. Three of the life processes are
a. nutrition, sensitivity and reproduction.
b. nutrition, eating and digestion.
c. reproduction, breathing and nutrition.
6. Animals carry out sensitivity through
a. nerves, sense organs and communication.
b. bones, joints and muscles.
c. the sense organs, muscles and the nervous system.
7. Vertebrate animals are divided into
a. mammals, reptiles, primates and snakes.
b. mammals, reptiles, birds, fish and amphibians.
c. mammals, insects, birds, frogs and dinosaurs.
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8. do not take care of their babies.
a. Kangaroos b. Birds c. Amphibians
9. Invertebrate animals are divided into
a. jellyfish, worms, molluscs and spiders.
b. jellyfish, worms, molluscs and arthropods.
c. jellyfish, flies and mussels.
10. The three numbered parts are
a. 1. head; 2. trunk; 3. legs.
b. 1. abdomen; 2. head; 3. thorax.
c. 1. head; 2. thorax; 3. abdomen.
2
3
1
11. Compound machines are made up of

a. many parts.
b. many rotating parts.
c. few parts.
12. Examples of simple machines are
a. wheels, motors and ramps.
b. motors, gears and circuits.
c. wheels, ramps and levers.
13. The Moon is
a. a star which orbits the Sun.
b. a satellite which orbits the Earth.
c. a planet in the Solar System.
14. The movements of the Earth are called
a. rotation and circulation.
b. rotation and revolution.
c. action and circulation.
15. Water exists in three different states:
a. liquid, gas and solid.
b. ice, water and oxygen.
c. melting, condensation and evaporation.
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16. Groundwater can form
a. aquifers and reservoirs.
b. underground rivers and aquifers.
c. oceans and seas.
17. The layer of gases that surrounds the Earth is
a. the atmosphere.
b. oxygen.
c. water vapour.
18. Climate is
a. the typical weather conditions each day.
b. the typical weather conditions in one area over several years.
c. the state of the atmosphere at a particular place and time.
19. The two numbered parts are
a. 1. cliff;
2. beach.
b. 1. archipelago;
2. peninsula.
c. 1. beach;
2. cliff.
20. Rivers that flow into other rivers are

a. tributaries.
b. reservoirs.
c. flood plains.
21. The three main parts of a city are
a. villages, towns and cities.
b. the historic centre, the modern district and the suburbs.
c. streets, pavements and the main square.
22. Housing estates have
a. houses that look very similar.
b. industries that look very similar.
c. houses that look very different.
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23. Dry crops
a. do not need a lot of water to grow.
b. grow with water from channels and sprinklers.
c. plough, water, fertilise, sow and harvest.
24. There are three types of industries:
a. factories, industrial estates and small businesses.
b. raw materials, manufactured products and industrial crops.
c. primary, consumer and technological.
25. Services can be
a. public or private.
b. wholesale or retail.
c. individual or personal.
26. Means of communication
a. provide services for tourists.
b. move people and goods.
c. send information from one place to another.
27. Local councils organise
a. means of communication.
b. trade.
c. municipal services.
28. The mayor of a town is elected by
a. the voters.
b. the citizens.
c. the councillors.
29. To measure long periods of time, people use
a. decades, centuries and millenniums.
b. days, weeks, months and years.
c. clocks and the calendars.
30. Hundreds of years ago, people lived in
a. towns and cities.
b. villages and castles.
c. huts.
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Answer key
Final ASSESSMENT
1. Write A for animals or P for plants.

A Eat other living things.
P Grow towards light.
P Produce their own food.
A Move from one place to another.
P Produce fruit.
A Have offspring.
2. Write an example.
Herbivore: M.A. rabbit, sheep
Carnivore: M.A. eagle, lion
Omnivore: M.A. human, pig
Left top to bottom: brain, stomach, muscle
Right top to bottom: lung, kidney, bone
4. Circle the words related to insects bodies.
Circle: legs, abdomen, thorax, wings, head
5. What is the difference between vertebrate and invertebrate animals? Vertebrate animals have a skeleton
made up of bones. Invertebrate animals do not have a backbone.
6. Complete.
The Earth rotates on its axis. This movement is called rotation.
It takes the Earth a day / 24 hours to complete a rotation.
The movement of the Earth around the Sun is called revolution. The Earth takes a year / 365 days
to complete a revolution around the Sun.
7. Complete the diagram.
Top row: melting, evaporation
Bottom row: freezing, condensation
Consumer rights: laws to ensure consumers get products of good price and quality.
Election manifesto: a document in which a candidate explains what they will do if they are elected.
Assembly line: a production process where each worker makes only one part of a product and then passes
it on to another worker.
9. Circle the odd one out.
Circle: cattle, wholesaler, summit
10. Write two types of historical records.
Three options: pictorial, written, physical
Final Test
1. b, 2. c, 3. a, 4. b , 5. a, 6. c, 7. b, 8. c, 9. b, 10. c,
11. a, 12. c, 13. b, 14. b,
15. a, 16. b, 17. a, 18. b, 19. c, 20. b,
21. b, 22. a, 23. a, 24. c, 25. a, 26. c,
27. c, 28. c, 29. a, 30. b
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Bones
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Muscles
182
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Top Science 3 is a collective work, conceived, designed and created by the Primary Education department at Santillana,
under the supervision of Enric Juan Redal and Vicki Caballero.
English adaptation: David Folkers and Samuel Jimnez
Managing editor: Sheila Tourle
Editorial team: Julie Davies, Jane Holt and Sheila Klaiber
Art director: Jos Crespo
Design coordinator: Rosa Marn
Design Team:
Interiors design: Jorge Gmez Tobar
Cover design: Pep Carri
Cover illustration: Javier Vzquez
Design development coordinator: Javier Tejeda
Design development: Jos Luis Garca and Ral de Andrs
Technical director: ngel Garca Encinar
Technical coordinator: Marisa Valbuena
Layout: Hilario Simn and David de Pedro-Juan
Art coordination: Carlos Aguilera
Illustrations: Jorge Salas, El ojo del huracn, Ala de mosca, Miguel ngel Giner, Jos Ignacio Gmez and Jos Santos.
Photo research: Amparo Rodrguez
Photographs: A. Toril; J. Lucas; J. Martin; S. Padura; HIGHRES PRESS STOCK; ISTOCKPHOTO; ARCHIVO SANTILLANA
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system
or transmitted in any form, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise without the
prior permission in writing of the copyright holders. Any infraction of the rights mentioned
would be considered a violation of the intellectual property (Article 270 of the Penal Code).
If you need to photocopy or scan any fragment of this work, contact CEDRO
(Centro Espaol de Derechos Reprogrficos, www.cedro.org).
However, the publisher grants permission for the photocopying of those pages marked
photocopiable, for individual use or for use in classes taught by the purchaser only.
Under no circumstances may any part of this book be photocopied for resale.
2011 by Santillana Educacin, S. L. / Richmond Publishing

Torrelaguna, 60. 28043 Madrid
Richmond Publishing is an imprint
of Santillana Educacin, S. L.
Richmond Publishing
58 St Aldates
Oxford OX1 ST
United Kingdom
PRINTED IN SPAIN
ISBN: 978-84-294-9228-6
CP: 189703
D.L.:
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Top Science 3 PRIMARY

Reinforcement and extension worksheets

All vertebrate animals have a skeleton.

The human skeleton is made up of 206 bones.

They give the body shape.

They support the bodys muscles.

Label the body parts.

Label the skeleton with these words.

Look at the diagram and write examples.

An organ inside your head

Individual results chart

Individual results chart

INDIvIDuAL RESuLTS CHART

Machines, materials and energy

Identify body parts.

Identify common machines and their

Name and locate bones, muscles

Identify common materials and their

Name and locate some organs.

Know basic facts about the place

Distinguish between healthy

Identify family members.

Identify the sense organs.

Recognise some road safety rules.

Differentiate between living

Time and directions

Recognise the characteristics

use time concepts appropriately.

Classify animals according to their

Order sequences chronologically.

Identify the parts of a plant.

use spatial notions correctly.

NP: Needs practice.

Identify and describe day and night.

Unit assessment worksheets

Unit test worksheets

Circle the correct option.

2. The thin layer of air which surrounds

7. The Earth orbits

8. Most of the surface of the Earth

4. There are cardinal

a. day and night.

9. The rotation of the Earth causes

a. a sphere that represents

Blank illustrations . . . . . . . . . 181-182

2 Bones, muscles and joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

22 The water cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

3 You grow and change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

24 Weather and climate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

25 Weather and the seasons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

6 Smell, taste and touch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

11 Reptiles and birds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

12 Fish and amphibians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

33 Stockbreeding and fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

16 Simple and compound machines . . . . . . . . . 24

36 Transport and communications . . . . . . . . . . 44

17 The Earth, the Sun and the Moon . . . . . . . . . 25

18 The Earth and the Moon move . . . . . . . . . . . 26

19 Maps and globes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

39 The passing of time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

20 The different states of water . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

40 The past and present of cities and villages . . . . 48

Label the body parts.