Crown et al.

1
Sharon Crown, Ben Hannah, Lauren Keeling, Allison Stapleton
Intermediate Writing, Jennifer Courtney, February 27, 2005

Allocation of College Tuition and the Effects on Students from Rising Costs
Andrus, Hollie, and Jason Allen, eds. "UNIVERSITY OF UTAH COPTIC ENCYCLOPEDIA."
(2014): 1-8. Web. 21 Feb. 2015.
This article explains the funding for the University of Utah intercollegiate athletic department.
This letter explains the process of fund allocation clearly with charts and proposals. Included in
the letter are numbers dealing with the 2014 school year through the 2032 school year. On page
4 are charts and numbers dealing with a statement of revenues and expenses for the year 2013.
This article provides good information for the paper because it explains how much funding is
allocated to the sports teams on the University of Utah campus.
Bernasek, Anna. "It's a Plane. It's a Yacht. No, It's Your Tuition Bill." Newsweek 11 Apr. 2014:
1. Print.
Anna Bernasek is a writer for the Financial Review, she has also had several articles published in
TIME Magazine, The New York Times, The Huffington Post, The Washington Post, as well as
many others. In this article she explains how the cost of colleges has doubled since 1969, and she
gives figures of what costs were then compared to what they are now. She then presents several
reasons for why costs have increased so drastically. This contributes to our topic by addressing
the cause behind tuition increases directly.
Burdman, Pamela. "The Student Debt Dilemma; Debt Aversion as a Barrier to College Access."
Research and Occassional Paper Series (2005): n. pag. Print.
Pamela Burdman is the Program Officer for the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation of
Education. In her article The Student Debt Dilemma; Debt Aversion as a Barrier to College
Access she discusses students who don't want to get into debt so put off school and in some
cases don't attend at all because they don't want to get into debt. The article discusses how the
government wants to make school accessible to all however by raising tuitions and decreasing
grants they are discouraging people from getting a higher education. This article is helpful in our
research because not only does it discuss the problem but it also offers several solutions to the
debt dilemma facing students and potential students.
Cooke, Richard, et al. "Student Debt and Its Relation to Student Mental Health." Journal of
Further and Higher Education 28.1 (2006): n. pag. Print.
Richard Cooke and his co-authors are educators at the School of Psychology, University of
Leeds in the UK. In this article they discuss how the rising costs of tuition and the subsequent
rise in student debt impacts student health. A case study was done in the UK comparing the
mental health of First, Second and Third year college students as it relates to student debt. The
study found that the higher the financial concern, the higher the chance was of students having
greater "mental health" issues such as tension, anger, nervousness, trouble sleeping etc. This
article shows how financial stress can impact a student in a unique way that few think of as being
an impact on a student.

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Sharon Crown, Ben Hannah, Lauren Keeling, Allison Stapleton
Intermediate Writing, Jennifer Courtney, February 27, 2005

Dwyer, Rachel, Laura McCloud, and Randy Hodson. "Debt and Graduation from American
Universities." Social Forces 90.4 (2012): 1133-55. Print.
Rachel Dwyer and Randy Hodson are professors from Ohio State University and Laura McCloud
is a professor from Pacific Lutheran University. They teamed up to write this article titled Debt
and Graduation from American Universities. This article discusses the rising costs of student
debt and the impact it has on students. An interesting observation on the impact of the students is
that the lower the debt level, the better chance students have of actually graduating. The authors
say that if a student incurs too much debt, or choses a major with too much debt, they are less
likely to graduate. This is an interesting take on student debt that few think of. No one thinks of
student loan debt being a deterrent from graduation
Ehrenberg, Ronald G. Tuition Rising: Why College Costs So Much. N.p.: Harvard University
Press, 2000. Print.
Ronald G. Ehrenberg, an economist, received the Mincer Award in 2011 and he is the founder of
the Cornell Higher Education Research Institute. This book addresses a wide audience and is
presented in a way that makes it approachable for anyone who wishes to delve into the subject.
In it Ehrenberg presents some reasons for rising tuition in private colleges and the effect that
rising tuition has on those connected to higher education. He also presents several different
studies as to why colleges need such large amounts of funds.
Hamilton, Dallas, Jessica Scharf, Abby Howell-Dinger, Dave Burt, Kirsten Bushnell, and
Danielle Donaldson. "Sustainable Campus Initiative Fund." Sustainable Campus Initiative
(2011): n. pag. 20 June 2011. Web. 21 Feb. 2015.
This PDF article explains how the Sustainable Campus Initiative Fund, or SCIF, handles money
on the University of Utah Campus. This article includes a Letter of Intent, Bylaws of
Sustainable Campus Initiative, Criteria and Eligibility Requirements, and a Proposal Submitting
Process Utilizing Sustainable Campus Initiative Fund.
Johnstone, D. Bruce. Higher Education in a Global Society. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar,
2010. Print.
Author Bruce D. Johnstone holds a PhD in Higher Education and was the chancellor of SUNY
college. This article speaks about the surprising winner of the globalization of education, the
political right. For political parties that advocate for lower taxes, less public funding means less
tax dollars allocated toward education. In addition, by privatizing research, universities are
serving the interests of business and while this decreases public good and often quality of
education, it does make for greater efficiency for that business. Less regulation as universities are
privatized is another way in which globalized education benefits the interest of the political right
and pro-business advocates.

Crown et al. 3
Sharon Crown, Ben Hannah, Lauren Keeling, Allison Stapleton
Intermediate Writing, Jennifer Courtney, February 27, 2005

Levenson, Alec. "Millenials and the World of Work: An Economist's Perspective." Journal of
Business and Psychology 25.2 (2010): 257-64. Print.
Research scientist and economist Alec R. Levenson applies an economists perspective to the
labor market as a whole with an emphasis on the part played by rising tuition. With rising tuition
comes rising post graduate expectations of the job market as a means to garner a return on the
investment of tuition costs. This coupled with the globalization of unspecialized labor means less
work for graduates, particularly those who do not obtain a professional degree. The US market
shifting towards service based industries means less jobs for those not participating in STEM
related degrees. The author argues that business is the clear winner in that labor is cheaper
overseas and as such they are able to make a greater profit.
Manthei, Robert, and Alison Gilmore. "The Effect of Paid Employment on University Students
Lives." Education + Training 47.3 (2005): 202-15. Print.
Robert Manthei and Alison Gilmore are educators from the School of Education, University of
Canterbury in Christchurch New Zealand. In the article the authors look at a study done of
college students who were required to get jobs in order to pay for their college tuition. This study
looks at the impact that being working students had on the students extracurricular activities,
social lives and study time. The study showed that students who only worked 10-14 hours per
week were able to handle work and being students but students who had to work more than that
had more trouble keeping up on their studies and didn't have as much of a social life. This article
is helpful in that it looks at the impact on students in rising tuition costs as more than those who
have incurred debt to pay for their schooling and shows that even those who aren't incurring debt
are being impacted in various ways.
Martin, Eric, and Simon Tremblay-Pepin. "Do We Really Need to Raise Tuition
Fees?"Printempserable.net. Institut De Recherche Et D'informations Socio-economiques. Web.
18 Feb. 2015.
Eric Martin is a Professor of Philosophy with a PhD in Political Thought, Simon Tremblay-Pepin
holds a PhD in Political Science and is a researcher on democratic issues. In Martin and
Tremblay-Pepins analysis of rising tuition costs, it is estimated that between 15-25% of tuition
money will go towards research with priority given to the public sector. The authors point to 515% of that money will go to governance expenses such as administrator and managerial
salaries. The authors then pose the question of whether or not we really need the extra funds if a
negligible amount is going to improve the education of students. The real losers in the world of
privatization is the humanities and arts, wherein educational gains are seen as less than the
financial gains posed in research fields such as science and medicine.

Martin, Robert. "Why Tuition Costs Are Rising So Quickly." Challenge 45.4 (2002): 88-108.
Print.

Crown et al. 4
Sharon Crown, Ben Hannah, Lauren Keeling, Allison Stapleton
Intermediate Writing, Jennifer Courtney, February 27, 2005

Robert Martin was a professor at Centre College in Danville, Kentucky until he retired in 2008
and he has a Ph.D. in economics. In this article Martin analyzes why tuition continues to rise in
public and private institutions. He also presents studies that show how the rising cost of tuition
affects students and how that burden has continues to increase. This article is as the core of our
research as it directly addresses the reasons that tuition continues to increase each year.
Patton, Stacey. "I Fully Expect to Die with This Debt." Chronicle of Higher Education 59.32
(2013): A10-A11. Print.
Stacey Patton is a staff writer for the Chronicle of Higher Education with years of journalistic
experience writing about education. In this article Ms. Patton talks about the impact of rising
tuition costs on students over the age of 50. Not only that but it also discusses the decrease in full
fellowships for graduate students. The article states that student loan debt is growing the fastest
among students over 60 and that the over 60 age group owes an average of $19,000. The catch is
that this age group the article observes doesn't have a life time to pay the debt back. This article
has a unique take on student debt in that it discusses a different age group than the automatic
group that one thinks of when they think of students. It is interesting to see the impact of rising
tuition costs on older adult students.
Pern, Laura. Understanding the Working College Student : New Research and Its Implications
for Policy and Practice. 2010. Digital file.
Laura W. Pern is an associate professor at the University of Pennsylvanias Graduate School of
Education. This book provides an interesting take on the impact on students that the rising costs
of tuition has. The author discusses how more students are waiting to actually enroll in college
until they have the money saved up because they don't want to incur the debt and some never
even make it to college because they are afraid of the debt in the first place. This book cites the
issue as the "work and loan burden caused by rising college prices and insufficient need based
grant aid". This book provides a new take on the impact on students as being students aren't even
enrolling in colleges because of the high tuition costs.
Serna, Gabriel R., and Gretchen Harris. "Higher Education Expenditures and State Balanced
Budget Requirements: Is There a Relationship?" Journal of Education Finance 39.3 (2014): 175202. Print.
As stated in the article "Gabriel R. Serna is an assistant Professor at the University of Northern
Colorado and Gretchen Harris is a Ph.D. Student at Indiana University Bloomington." In this
article Serna and Harris evaluate the relationship between state and university budgets and how
they impact each other. They show how a cut in state funding affects university spending. This is
valid for our research through the fact that rising tuition costs are directly affected by budget
cuts, as universities have are forced to look for ways to make up for the loss in funding.
Shin, Jung Cheol, and Sande Milton. "Student Response to Tuition Increase by Academic
Majors: Empirical Grounds for a Cost-Related Tuition Policy." Higher Education 55.6 (8): 71934. Jstor. Springer. Web. 18 Feb. 2015.

Crown et al. 5
Sharon Crown, Ben Hannah, Lauren Keeling, Allison Stapleton
Intermediate Writing, Jennifer Courtney, February 27, 2005

Jung Cheol- Shin is the director of the Lifelong Education Policy Division at the Korean
Ministry of Education and Sande Milton is a Professor of Educational Leadership and Policy
Studies at the University of Florida. Although this journal primarily deals with the proposal of
basing tuition costs by expected future earnings, it reveals that within university students there
are those who suffer more from rising tuition costs. Majors related to hard sciences such as
engineering are more elastic to rising tuition costs as they are more likely to benefit financially
from education post -graduation. Students whos degrees were less likely to garner a career
directly related to their field however experience were less willing to pay more for their
education. While this study is a bit biased in that the students polled were already enrolled in
college and therefore were all elastic to rising costs, it might point to a trend wherein there are
less demands for degrees that arent high income earners and therefore less money allocated to
those fields.
Tannock, Stuart. "Higher Education, Inequality, and the Public Good." Dissent: 45-51. Print
Stuart Tannock is a professor of Social Science and a PhD graduate of Stanford University. In
this surprising article, Tannok speaks about a different type of public good damaged by the rising
cost of tuition. Students with professional degrees, in the case of this article lawyers, have a
greater incentive to practice types of law that will result in greater financial gains, as a means of
recovering from the cost of tuition. The author argues that if graduates had the luxury of being
less concerned with student debt, many would explore the types of law practice that benefits the
community as a whole instead.
Thelin, John R. The Rising Costs of Higher Education: A Reference Handbook. Santa Barbara:
ABC-CLIO, 2013. Print.
John R. Thelin is a Professor at the University of Kentucky. This book gives a history of
American Educational Institutions and then goes on to explain some of the current issues of
higher education, including rising tuition costs. Thelin explains the difference between the cost
and price of college and why they are often not synonymous. He also explains the difference
between private and public universities, and how that affects they way they determine what is
charged to students. The entirety of this book covers many different issues pertaining to higher
education as well as possible solutions. However, as the topic: rising costs of tuition is my focus,
there is an emphasis on the portions that directly relate to tuition.

Willie, Matt. "Taxing and Tuition: A Legislative Solution to Growing Endowments and the
Rising Costs of a College Degree." Brigham Young University Law Review 2012.5 (2012): 1665704. Print.

Crown et al. 6
Sharon Crown, Ben Hannah, Lauren Keeling, Allison Stapleton
Intermediate Writing, Jennifer Courtney, February 27, 2005

Matt Willie graduated with summa cum laude from BYU Law School in 2012. In this article
Willie presents information pertaining to endowments and how they have affected tuition over
the past thirty years. He gives figures showing the rising tuition costs during that time and how it
continues to affect students. He also examines endowments and rising tuition in private
education compared to public education. He shows how the endowments given to private and not
public institutions forces public colleges to look for other ways to gain revenue and how tuition
is one place they often look.
Wood, Benjamin. "Headed for the Cliff? University of Utah Maintenance Backlog Tops $400
Million." Deseret News. N.p., 17 May 2014. Web. 21 Feb. 2015.
This article explains the funding that the University of Utah is using for building maintenance.
In the article the author explains that this University is responsible for the maintenance and
operation of thousands of buildings. The article delves into the issue the University could run
into with maintenance cost and provides legitimate quotes and answers from credible sources.
This article comes from the Deseret News which is a well-respected source of information.
Zusman, Ami. "Challenges Facing Higher Education in the Twenty-first Century. Education
Democracy. Web. 18 Feb. 2015.
Ami Zusman is a coordinator of Graduate Education Planning. Zusmans assessment of the
challenges facing universities today points to the privatization of not only research, but dorms
and similar such facilities showing us how private business benefits in changing tuition costs and
funding source. Zusman points to research partnerships as well as for profit hospital partnerships
as a means for additional funding. One of Zusmans fear for the future is the pattern of ever
widening inequality of enrollment as financial aid funds may be directed to students able to pay
large tuition fees.
"50 Colleges Spending the Most on Research & Development in 2015." Best Colleges RSS. N.p.,
24 Jan. 2014. Web. 21 Feb. 2015.
This article highlights the 50 colleges in the United States that spend the most funding on
research. The University of Utah ranks at number 50. This website is helpful for the paper
because it gives a statistic on the University of Utah that provides us with information on our
research related investments. In addition to the statistic on the University of Utah we are also
granted the statistics on 49 other schools so we can see how the University of Utah compares.
"SAC Funding Allocation." ASUU: Associated Students of the University of Utah. ASUU, n.d.
Web. 21 Feb. 2015.
The purpose of this article is to explain how ASUU: Associated Students of the University of
Utah allocates money to SAC organizations on the University of Utah campus. Not only does
this page provide a list of all SACs who have received money from ASUU but it also allows

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Sharon Crown, Ben Hannah, Lauren Keeling, Allison Stapleton
Intermediate Writing, Jennifer Courtney, February 27, 2005

students to read about the funding and provides a link to get in touch with the Finance Board if
they have more questions.

"Utah State Legislature 2012 Report." FYI News for Faculty Staff. N.p., 17 Mar. 2012. Web. 21
Feb. 2015.
This article deals with the funding allocations for the University of Utah on a general scale. The
article talks about a 1 percent compensation increase for higher education employees, an 8
million allotment that will be split between initiatives and growth, and funding plans for new
buildings. This article creates a plan for the future of the University of Utah and explains the
new structures that will soon be built as well as changes that will be occurring all over campus.