Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
POLITIK
Kesehatan
(health politics)
KEBIJAKAN
VS Kesehatan
(health policy)
ETIKA
POLITICS
means
INFLUENCING
politik adalah untuk mempengaruhi kebijakan yang benar.
3
POLITICS
(Mason, Talbott & Leavitt, 1993)
Scarcity of
Resources
Influencing
Policy makers
Actors
Value choices
decision making(apa nilai2 yg kita pilih?)
Policy
PUBLIC POLICY
(Palmer & Short , 2003)
What the government does
Whatever government chooses to do or not to do
Formed by government bodies
Purposive course of government action to deal
with an issue of public concern
Local, state, or national legislation, regulation,
court rulings that affect individual and institutional
behaviors under the respective governments
jurisdiction
Dealing with those policies for which governments
6
are primarily responsible
HEALTH POLICY
Course of action that affect the
health care system
(including sets of institutions,
organizations, services, and funding
arrangements)
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Biomed tech
Legal system
Political system
Social structures
Mass media
Health Policy
Public expectations
and demands
Insurance structure
Interest groups
Social values
Cultural
Policy analysis
(Mason,Talbott & Leavitt,1993)
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Abad 19:
Metoda kuantitatif (empirik) : Mackenzie (1850)
Disiplin statistik dan demografi
Berkembangnya penelitian empirik
Tumbuhnya stabilitas politik
Policy research mulai dilakukan
Observasi empiris menjadi dasar bukan otoritas, ritual,
filosofi, mistik. Berkembang: sosiologi, ekonomi, ilmu
Politik, administrasi publik
Pengaruh ilmuwan
Agama, investor
Ritual, mistik
Empirik,
normatif
Empirik
Analisis kebijakan
Harus mempunyai:
Sense (kepekaan) thd adanya masalah
Sense bahwa ada solusi untuk mslh tsb
Pengkajian praktis yang akan menghslkan
kesimpulan bagaimana menyelesaikan
masalah tersebut
Policy
Environment
Laju inflasi
Tingkat kriminalitas
Angka Kematian bayi
Diskriminasi
Kel masy
LSM
RS, DinKes
Pemda, dsb
Public
Policy
Kebijakan keuangan
Kebijakan ekonomi
Law enforcement
Kebijakan personil
Kebijakan energi, dsb
Agenda setting
Problem structuring
Policy Formulation
Forecasting
Policy Adoption
Recommendation
Policy
Monitoring
Implementation
Policy Assessment
Evaluation
Policy succession
Policy termination
(Dunn, 2003)
Policy
Performance
Policy process
Policy analysis methods
Evaluation
Forcasting
KAIDAH DASAR
Problem
Structuring
Policy
Outcome
Problem
Structuring
Policy
Problems
Problem
Structuring
Policy
Future
Problem
Structuring
Monitoring
BIOETIKA
Recommen
dation
Policy
Action
Dipengaruhi oleh logic in use dari analis: analyst characteristics, setting tempat
analis bekerja, training, time, specialization
Policy analysis
Policy actions
Material development
Policy outcomes
KAIDAH
DASAR
Policy
Policy performance
Stakeholders:
Agenda settings
Policy formulations
Policy adoptions
Policy implementation
Policy assessment
Documents:
Policy memoranda
Policy issue papers
Executive summaries
Appendices
News release
analyst
BIOETIKA
Presentations:
Knowledge utilization
Conversations
Meetings
Briefings
Hearings
Interactive communication
Forecasting
Recommendation
Monitoring
Evaluation
Agenda setting
Policy
formulation
Policy Adoption
Policy
Implementation
Policy
Assessment
Problem identification
and
agenda setting
POLICY
MAKING
PROCESS
(Anderson)
Policy formation
Adoption
Implementation
Evaluation