AERO4308/MECH5101FinalExam,April15,2009Page1of4

CarletonUniversity
Final
EXAMINATION
April15,2009
Duration:3hours
Department:MechanicalandAerospaceEngineering
Instructor:J.Etele

No.ofstudents:52

Course:AERO4308

MECH5101

AuthorizedMemoranda:
Fivepages(frontandback),8.5x11,personallyhandwritten
Nontransmittingcalculator

YoumustcountthenumberofpagesinthisexaminationpaperBEFOREbeginningtowriteand
reportanydiscrepancytotheproctorimmediately.

READ ALL QUESTIONS BEFORE STARTING THE EXAM AND STATE ALL YOUR
ASSUMPTIONSFOREVERYQUESTION!
YouMAYremovethequestionpaperfromtheexaminationroomwhenyouarefinished.
GOODLUCK

1kt=0.514m/s

rS/L=1.225kg/m3

aS/L=340m/s
ComponentCentresofGravity
m[kg] x[m]
y[m]

Engine

1345

1.0

0.58

HorizontalStabilizer

160

2.1

1.17

Wing

820

0.2

2.00

Fuselage

8000

1.6

F18HornetData

(zaxisintopage)

z[m]

Vcruise =675kts
S
=37.16m2
b
=11.43m

Izz
CNr

=38.25kgm2
=0.5s

AERO4308/MECH5101FinalExam,April15,2009Page2of4
QuestionOne
Afterhavingearnedtherespectofthespacestreamstudentsittingnexttoyouintheminivan
withyourelegantanalysisoftheF104inaloop,itbecamecleartoeveryonethatyoudefinitelyknow
yourmaterial.Asitturnsoutthespacestreamfellowwassoimpressedthatheshowedyouranalysisto
hisfriends(alongwiththestoryofhowyoulaidthesmackdownonthatjournalismstudentindefense
ofyourfellowengineer),allofwhombeingdiligentyoungengineers,cametothinkofyouasabitofa
locallegend. Theresultingglancesfromthesesecondyearstudentsasyoupasstheminthehallhas
madeyoufeelabitliketheFonz,especiallynowthatthewarmweatherishereandyouhavetakento
wearingyourengineeringleather. Asithappens,theglancesofaparticularlygoodlookingstudent
caughtyoureyeafewweeksbackandbyvirtueofsomefairlytransparent'accidental'passesthrough
thehallsyouandCaseyaremeetingtodaysothatyoucanoffersomestudytipsfortheupcoming
exams.
Asyousitinthelibrarywaiting,yousearchthroughyourbagtopulloutsomematerialthatyou
figurewillmakeyoulooksmartandcomeacrossyourstabilityandcontrolnotes.Perfect!,youthink
toyourself,andarrangethemopentothepagewiththedynamicequationsofmotion.AsCaseyarrives
youbothgrinuncontrollablyandasCaseysitstopulloutsomenotesyoubegintostareintothose
perfecteyes......andyouonlycatchthetailendofaquestionaboutmomentsofinertiaandwhetherthey
arereallythatimportanttosomeoneinthespacestream.Youstartexplaininghowyesindeed,theseare
veryimportanttoanydynamicanalysis,whetherofasatelliteorevenanaircraft. Asifbyfate,you
glancedownandseeyournotesopenedattheperfectpageandbegintoshowCaseyhowtheseterms
applytoanaircraftlikeanF18.
a) ShowthatfortheF18,oranyaircraftthatissymmetricintheydirection,theproductofinertia
I xy =x y xy dm=0 (youmayassumeauniformdensityforillustrativepurposes).
b) Noting that the product of inertia can be represented as a sum over the major components,
I xy =x y xy dm=i x i y i m i ,iftheF18weretoloseawinginflight,calculatethevalueofallthe
productsofinertia(i.e.,Ixy,Ixz,andIyz).
QuestionTwo
AfterlisteningtoyourmotherandfatherthoroughlyembarrassyoutothedelightofCaseyand
therestoftheguests,youfigureitwillbepaybacktimeasCasey'sparentsgettothemicrophone.
Althoughyou'veonlyknownthemforashorttime(sinceithasbeenjustayearsinceyoumetCasey,
graduatedCarletonwithhonors,andthenproposedtoCasey),youalreadyfeelquitecomfortablewith
them,especiallyyourfatherinlaw.Asitturnsout,Casey'sdadisanengineerwhospentquiteabitof
timeworkinginChina. Afterfindingthisout,youlet'slip'howyouoftenuseChinesecharactersin
placeofGreekletterswhendoingcomplexanalysesfiguringthismightimpresstheman(knowingfull
well it has been over a year since you had to do any analysis at all, complex or otherwise).
Unfortunately,hespentenoughtimeinChinatolearnsomeMandarinhimselfandsoheeagerlyasked
whatcharactersyouusemostoften.

AERO4308/MECH5101FinalExam,April15,2009Page3of4
Tryingtohideyourinitialblushathavingbeencaughtinthiswhitelie,youquicklytrytothink
whereyouevengotthisideainthefirstplaceandthenyourememberyouroldStabilityandControl
professorwhosaidhedidthesamething.Ofcourse,whenhesaiditnooneintheclasstriedtocallhim
onitandhewasabletobluffhiswaythroughwithonlytwocharacters,ifonlyyoucouldremember
whattheywere.....Iamfondofthesimplerones,like whichmeansmiddle,orwhenusedin
combinationlikethis, meansChina.Afterthinkingthatyouroldprofessorwouldbemortifiedto
knowsomeofhisquirkyknowledgewashelpingoneofhisformerstudentsalongthepathtomarriage,
youquicklyreturntorealityrealizingthatyou'renotoffthehookyet.Indeed,Icanseehowthismight
help avoid some confusion, especially with large sets of equations and variables like the dynamic
equationsofmotionthatyouhelpedCaseywithinthelibrarysaysCasey'sfather,clearlysettingyouup
forsomething.Yessir,youreply,waitingfortheothershoetodrop.Infact,Caseywastellingme
howyouevendiscussedhowthingswouldchangefora,letmethink,anF18wasit?,Yessiryou
dutifullyreply,knowingfullwellthatCasey'sdadknewitwasanF18,andhowifthisF18wereto
loseawinghowtheproductsofinertiawouldchange.ButIwaswondering,continuesCasey'sdad,
howwouldthataffecttheactualequationsofmotionforpitch,yaw,androll?
a) Usingyourcrossproductsofinertiafromquestionone(b),pleasederivethethreeequationsof
motionforthethreerotationaldegreesoffreedom(youdonotneedtospecifythefunctionsforthe
appliedmomentsabouttheaircraftcentreofgravity,i.e.,youmayleavethemas,M,andN).
b)AssumingtheF18isabletofindatrimmedconditionwithonlyonewing,derivetheequationsof
motion in the three rotational degrees of freedom for small disturbances away from this trimmed
condition.
c)WhichmotionsarenowdynamicallycoupledthatarenotwhenIxy=0?
QuestionThree
As you sit back in your chair with your 'pop' enjoying the feeling of having just won the
championship(despitethefactthatyourteamwasinthesecondlastdivision,thethrillofvictoryis
nonethelessstillquitesweet!),youcan'thelpbutwonderwhatlifewouldhavebeenlikeifyouhadn't
gottenmarried.Tobesure,youenjoyedthedating,butafterseveralkidsthenoveltyofmarriagehas
wornoffandonlynowhasCaseybeguntoletyoubackoutatnight.Thankfully,youjoinedateam
fromworkandsoyourcoworker(andindeedgoodfriend)ShmenrybeingontheteammadeCasey
thinkthatitwouldlookbadifeveryoneatyourworkfoundoutyoucouldn'tplaybecauseofyour
significantother.Yourteamisaninterestingmixofmanagersandjuniorstaff,youandShmenrybeing
amongthehandfulofoverthirtyplayersontheteam.Despiteyourbestefforts,youcanseethatsomeof
theyoungerplayerswhohavebroughttheirdatesouttothecelebrationareheadingdownthesamepath
youonceblissfullytraveleddespitetheadviceofyourformerStabilityandControlprofessor,whoyou
mustadmit,youalwaysthoughtwasabitoversensitivegivenhisconstantramblingsaboutfamilylife
andmarriage.Havingrealizedthetruthnow(orperhapsbecauseoftheseveral'pops'youhavealready
finished),youbegintotellthestoryaboutyourfirstencounterwithCasey'sdad,andhowyouthought
youwerebeingsoooocleverbyimpressinghimwithyourworldlyknowledgeofChinese.Ifonlyyou

AERO4308/MECH5101FinalExam,April15,2009Page4of4
hadindeedgottenbusted,thenyourfatherinlawwouldprobablynothavelikedyouasmuch,maybe
evendislikedyourpomposityness(isthatevenaword?maybethiswillbeyourlast'pop'!)andyouand
Caseywouldhavedatedforever.
Ofcourse,beingagroupofengineers,theconversationquicklyturnedfromtherealmoralofthe
storytothis'onewingedF18'whichyouimpressedCasey'sdadwith.Infact,severaloftheyounger
membersoftheteamscroungetogethersomepaperandpencilsandbegintosketchoutafewdiagrams
andequations.Astheybegintogathersteamtheyaskyouifyourfatherinlaweverquestionedyou
furtherontheideaofapureyawingmotion,since,ifyouneglectaerodynamiccouplingintheyaw
moment (i.e. CNf =0)andrestrictailerondeflections tozero,theyawdegreeoffreedomequation
becomesuncoupledfromtherolldegreeoffreedom. Althoughyouadmitthatno,theconversation
endedafteryouderivedtheequations,thatdoesseemtobetheimplication.Withthat,theycontinueon
withtheiranalysiswhileyouturntoShmenryandremarkhowenthusiastictheystillare.Unfortunately
oneofthemoverhearsthisremarkandretorts,It'snotenthusiasm,itsimplytheagedifference!Atthat
everyonebeginstolaugh,includingShmenry,whoyouturntolookatandsayIdon'tknowwhyyou're
laughing,you'reolderthanme!.Noway!comesachorusofvoicesatthetable.Hearingthatstings
youtothequick,youcan'tbelievethateveryonethinksyou'reolderthanShmenry! Givemethat
paper,I'llshowyoujusthowyoungIam! Asyoulookdownyouseethattheyhavethefollowing
equationforyaw:
I zz r =N r rN
nt
a)Iftheyawingmotioncanbeexpressedas = o e
pleaseshowthat

n=

1 Nr
2 I zz

and

N r2

4 I 2zz

4 N I zz
N r2

b)IftheF18isflyingatcruisespeedatsealevel,howlongwillittakeforaninitialdisturbanceinthe
yawangletodecreasetohalfitsvalue?
c)Pleasesketchbvst.WhatwouldthevalueofCNrhavetobeinordertohalvethevalueoftheinitial
disturbancein2seconds?
QuestionFour
a)Whichofthefollowingisnottrue:(i) q=
(ii) r = (iii)

p = ?

b)Whichofthefollowinghelpstomaintainawingsleveltendency(i)anhedral(ii)lowwingposition
(iii)wingsweep?
c)Whatmustbetruewhenusingthestabilityaxes(i)Ixy=0(ii)uo=V(iii)uo=0?
d)Namethreeconditionswhichmightlimittheminimumturnradiusinanaircraft.
e)WhatinternetsearchtooldoesyourStabilityandControlprofessor'soldestsonenjoyusing?