Presentation Techniques

Evaluation
Process
The first part of my production involved research into program
formats that use multi-camera techniques; my research was to
understand the layouts of studio productions mainly focusing on live
events. I studied how the cameras are positioned during live shows
in stadiums and studios, the purpose of this was to gain extensive
knowledge on the perspectives of the audiences viewing the
programs and how the layouts affected or suggested specific
themes. I looked at examples of studio set-ups and created a series
of drafts for my studio set up that was logical and conventional
similar to the studios I have looked at. I then studied why cameras
are placed so specifically and the moods they create, I found that by
altering my own studio set up, I could change the outlook for the
viewers. Whilst doing this, my main goal was to identify each
individual cameras job and what they are creating for the viewers. I
viewed events such as festivals and concerts to get an
understanding of where to place my cameras and how many
cameras are needed for the production.

Once I had an advanced knowledge of studio production layouts and

formats, I created a planning booklet for my live studio production.
For this I had to generate an Idea for the production and discuss
with my teammates, eventually mutually deciding on a theme to
talk about for the final studio production. I researched shows that
had a similar production style to ours; this was useful because I
could then develop my show with professional and expected
standards involving factors that are necessary to a successful
production. We chose to base our topic on film production; this
would cover red carpet events, upcoming films, previous films,
controversy within the Oscars and interviews with teachers and
students about the latest issues and topics surrounding the film
industry. Our next primary objective was to find guests with a
history of knowledge behind the topic to interview, we did this by

emailing guests we had researched and were local. This went well as
we received immediate responses from the guests we intended to
use.

Once we had constructed all of our background research into the

topic, we concluded the format of the show and decided which
segments would appear where; this was our way of ordering things
chronologically. We dedicated roles and responsibilities within the
production; this was useful, as it would ensure that mistakes are not
made during the tight scheduling for the filming of the show. This
part of the pre-production covered arranging the interviews with our
chosen guests and ensuring that each responsibility was checked
through and completed before the deadline date. We had to make
sure our guests knew the dates and times we will require them, we
did this successfully as we emailed them beforehand and got
confirmations prior to the date of the recording. This primary
research was conducted to ensure that the whole production was
planned well; this would make the team produce results that they
expected and ensure nothing was left behind.

The next step of the process was the research booklet that I had
carried out for my guest. In this I carried out extensive research on
my guest and demonstrated why I have used them to talk about my
topic. The booklet provided key facts that I had researched online
about my chosen guest, the potential areas of interest that I will
focus on and the potential areas of concern that I had discovered.

This was crucial in understanding the history of my guest as it

provided me with detail about the experience of my chosen guest,
making the interviews script easier to process as I would have had
references that I could extend and talk about. The first method of
research I conducted was primary research; this involved a meeting
with my guests to get a general understanding of there knowledge
in my topic. Following this I conducted secondary research that
involved online exploring and viewing of previous projects. This was
very useful as I could now relate my themes towards the previous
work of my guest.

The forth process of the production was the interview techniques,

during this section of the research production; I focused on the
different types and styles of interview. I would look up the reasons
and purposes of interviews to understand the underlying formats
and structures that are used throughout the industry. This would
also revolve around how the media uses interviews and how the
public consumes them. This research would help me gained
methods of interviews that would be specific and based it towards
my own personal target audience. I looked at interview styling and
how different situations and different shows construct their
interviews to make different emotions occur and provoke specific
desires. Once I had gained research on the structure of interviews I
focused on the purpose of the interviews by looking at examples of
radio and television journalistic contexts, I could understand the
reasoning behind certain interviews. Because of this I was able to
develop my script to focus on a specific purpose and the type of
response I am expecting to receive.

I was the able to take this and apply it to my interview when writing
my own script later on. But before I could apply it to my own I had to
display an understanding of the purposes of techniques by
explaining why interviews are made and what techniques the
questioner uses to receive the intended effect out of their
interviewee. So I then researched the interview techniques that are
used in the industry such as question types and communication
skills. This provided me with extended information about how to
develop my questions and how to intentionally collate the maximum
desired response from the interviewer. Once I had gathered all my
information from the research I could then move onto the next step
witch was planning all the pre-production for the live event. I did this
by filling out a production booklet that would cover all the small
details of the production such as shot types and timings to then use
throughout my live show, this way I could produce a plan of the live
production beforehand making everything ordered and ready to
shoot when the date comes. This booklet would cover the main
areas of concern in my production to extent, therefore making it a
pre-check for the production before we start filming or editing.

First I described the purpose of the interview relating to the research

I carried out before, the reason for this is so I could plan out the
interviews details such as how I will record it and all the technical
information including the medium of the final interview, my
intended outcome of the interview and detailed minor subjects of
recording. By doing this, I was able to ensure that mistakes were not
made during the recording of my final interview, as it had to be live
and I was very limited to the schedules times. Leaving the technical
aspects of the production I then planned out the structuring of my
interview by listing every question I formulated. I planned all the
interviews questions and so did my team so we could all add them
together and get a general advanced understanding of the
questions that were going to be asked, and the estimated response
we were looking to achieve from the guests. This helped us with
time management because we could now have an overall timed
sequence and this would make writing the script easier to mange.

The next step in the production of the show was to define the
structural progression of the interview, to do this I planned out what
questions will be asked and when they will be featured. By doing
this I had a layout of segments that had to be chronologically

reordered based on the teams timings. To be able to complete this

section fully, I created a map showing the progression of questions
and what type of questions they were, this was an early layout for
the interviews order. Throughout the pre-production in prepared for
the interview, I also had to complete a booklet for presentation
techniques in broadcasting production. For this I had to research
each role that would be featured in the live studio show and what
elements do their jobs require. This included skills that are needed
to complete the jobs and ideological issues that are involved with
the jobs. By researching these roles, we could assign each member
of the production crew into a specific role and have knowledge on
the factors that are present when they are working within those
roles.

Continuing the research part of the pre-production I had to look into

the audiences of different shows, I did this by researching the most
popular television shows based around our topics and then studied
who they are aiming their shows towards. By doing this we would
have a good idea of where to aim our general demographics. We
also looked at the effect they produce when they air their television
shows, this would help us understand how the shows are successful
in reaching towards the target audiences needs. Once we had a
detailed view of what our demographics will look like, I could create
my proposal to explain the presentation style and why we will relate
back toward our target audience; due to this I had to understand the
importance of the target audience. The proposal I wrote shows that
we will be focusing on a specific presentation style and how we will
follow this style when we are presenting our show. By completing

this proposal I could explain how the show will focus towards the
indented audience, the effect we wanted to create and the ways it
would be successful in achieving its intended effects and outlook.

The next important step in the pre-production was developing a

script for the show. We now knew the styles of our show so we could
plan our script writing based on the knowledge we gathered to suit
our target audience. First my team and me wrote up a basic first
draft of the script, this would give us a blueprint for the structure of
the script and show. We had to then choose where and when will the
inserts we gathered fit into the script, to do this we had to create a
timed script that had detailed timings included. This showed the
crew working in the studio room when to play the insert slips during
the live interview. I then had to complete a final draft of the script
that included everything that had to be said by the hosts and
presenters, to do this I had to mere everyones scripts in my team
into one. This gave us a final draft of the show and when and where
clips will be played, as the script was also timed we could manage
the interviews with our guests to ensure that the show doesnt run
for longer than we intended. Once the script was complete we could
start to consider the appearance of the show, included in this was
the dress and appearance. In this section we had to decide what
clothes we will be wearing during the live production, to do this we
had to analysis our chosen genre and research the types of clothes
that well know presenters within the genre tend to wear.

Draft Script

Final Script

Continuing with the appearance aspect of the production, I then had

to decide where the cameras in the studio will be facing and at what
times, this would be an important factor in ensuring that the desired
effect is created when new film our production. This had to be preplanned as the show will be live and we would not have a chance to
re-film it. I did this by taking photographs of our studio and placing
the cameras, props and lights in the places that we decided in the
pre-production planning. By doing this, we would know on the day of
filming exactly where to place and face the objects helping us
manage time. Before we started to film our production, we had to
decide who would play witch roles. To do this we had to construct a
schedule plan that would show the live shows timings and witch
member of the team would be completing the roles. This displayed
at witch point who the interviewer was, who would be on cameras,
directing, sound and vision mixing, lighting and all the other
important roles. By doing this we could manage everyone into a
specific role during the production making the live show easier to
manage.

Once we had completed the structure of the show, we had to

compile the content within the show that we had originally planned.
To plan this out I created a mind map that showed the content of the
show from each segment. This displayed clearly all the topics that
would be mentioned in the show and witch segments will talk about
what. This defined the format of my segment as I explained
specifically what we expected to have in each segments and the
topics we were going to talk about. The format production schedule
listed every event that we were going to complete such as each
interviewer and each interviewees sections of topics. We used the
mind map to define the theme of the show; this covered the
presentation style and all the relevant visual components of the
production. We also used some research from similar shows that and
the same style to use as a basis for developing a general
atmosphere for our show.

The next step in the process was listing how each segment during
the show will be linked together; this was a way of listing each
segments connection. By completing this we could have an
understanding of how to edit the show together while filming and
what clips to place where, saving us time when we edit the visual
graphics for the show. The final section of the processing was the
planning of the physical objects and arrangements. For this we
wrote up an equipment list that displayed all the props that we will
need to use, by doing so we would be ensuring that we were
prepared before the live event and did not forget anything, as we
were very limited with time. The physical placements of the objects
and props were all planned within the set design witch I drew up
after writing the props list. The set design consisted of every object
in the studio and the specific place we desired them to be when
filming the production.

It displayed the position of the lights and cameras and the green
screens layout in the room, this would be our final set ready for
filming. On top of this I had to plan the lightings layout as well, this
would be planned for each section of the show. I took photographs
of the lighting design to ensure that on the day we could alter them
when needed for each others segments. This section was all under
studio management plans witch consisted of planning out who will
be in what room doing what job throughout the live recording; I had
to place each roles into specific rooms and draw out a map to show
where they should remain during each segment. By doing this, we
were able to manage the studio floors and control rooms effectively
and avoid mixing up any segments or roles. The plan acted as a
guideline or basic rules that the crew could follow, providing a
simple but effective time managed schedule.

After we planned out the set ups for the studios and control rooms,
we had to complete the location recce forms. These would be our
way of ensuring the locations we wanted to film in were suitable for
our filming needs. These required us to each go to our location and
check the area to check for any potential issues such as sound,
lighting, or any disruptions that could occur when filming; the recces
were planned as a pre-filming check. We would explore our chosen
location and compile a form that showed the address and location
on a map, we took notes on the location on if we were satisfied and
finally contacted the site owner to check for filming permission; this

was important as we had to check if the site was available for free
use. After this, we completed a risk assessment form.

The risk assessment form was written to carry out any potential
threats to health or safety in the working environment. This makes
sure that we take the necessary measures to protect the
crewmembers or anyone involved within the production. The risk
assessment defines the risk and the possible outcome of the
accident, and then we list precautions to attempt to prevent or
lower the risk of the hazard. This element of the production is vital
to ensuring that the people involved within the production are safe
and fully avoiding any threats to health or safety. The assessment
provides precautions that the crew should read prior to any physical
activity that may cause harm to themselves or others; it ensures
that they are now aware of the precautions.

The final step of the planning and pre-production booklet was to fill
in the shot list timetable; this showed us the type of shot we
required to use for each shot. It gave us camera angles and shot
types that we desired to use whilst displaying witch camera to use
and what action is occurring whilst the shot is in use. By doing this
we are giving ourselves a plan beforehand of the timing of each
shots, this benefits the control room, as they will be able to time the
shots and change the cameras to match the script that we wrote.

The shot lists with the times were sent to the vision mixer in the
crew. Once we completed the shot list, the production booklet was
complete and we were ready to start the rehearsals for the live
show. During the rehearsals we practiced the whole live show by
reading out the scripts and practice recording the show. This was
done to get us used to the timings of the script therefore we would
understand the layout of the show.

The final step of the process was the filming of the live production;
we had arranged our guests to meet us at a specific time. We filmed
the production live, so it had to all be done in one take, this includes
all the live graphics editing, sound editing and lighting. The live
production was successful because we had planned the timed
sequence through the script and shots list during the preproduction. This helped us manage the production as we could order
the segments within the show to match the timed script we have
written. The factor that helped us succeed the most for the filming
was the time management we used, by scheduling the time of the
production we could make the process easier to mange by taking
control of the time.

The time management helped us stay focused on the tasks

providing us with higher efficiency and giving us preparation for
making better decisions; this created an order for the production,
allowing us to take control over the limited time we had. Another
critical factor of the success of the project was the teamwork that
was used throughout the pre-production and final shoot. Because

the team was constantly working together, we could support each

other creating a balanced workforce. This means we had to rely on
each other, the production crew each had allocated roles that were
agreed on and all these would come together therefore the whole
production needed to motivate each other and constantly check for
any missing items in the production.
Verbal Techniques
The use of language and phrase structure is crucially important to
the communication throughout t he production crew, this is used by
verbally transfer information between peers. I believe our verbal
techniques were very good as we could successfully transmit
reports and work through one another, by developing our language
skills we were also able to broaden the viewpoints of each other by
expressing simply but effectively structured phrases. By using phase
structure, we could communicate using proper grammar witch made
commands and requests easier to follow through. This is an
important factor of the practical work that we used in the
production; because of this the use of language works to order the
verbal context of the situation making the circulation of
communication a much more effective effect.
Similarly to the use of language, the breadth of the vocabulary is
another useful element in the production of the project; this factor
applies towards the pre-production section of the production
because by using broader terminology we could express in detail the
attributions. An example of this is when we required other
teammates to collect a background image for the final production,
by using a broader vocabulary we could request the specific needs
we desire for the outcome of the command. Another important
component to the communication of the pre-production is the
sentence structure. Standardized sentence structure allows the
crewmembers and work teammates understand fully and interpret
the meaning of the sentence increasing communication skills. If the
sentence structure is not managed well the commands and requests
can be misunderstood. I believe my team included good structuring
of the textual part of the production; this is because all the team
managed to successfully analyze the work we were given.
A further language aspect to the production of the live show is the
illustrative language used throughout the pre-production and
practical production. Making the sentences structured with
illustrative language contain characteristic elements that reinforce
the meaning making the context easier to understand and clear to
read. This technique is used particularly when developing scripts
that other teammates have to read, if the sentence does not
illustrate the context and references well it could be misinterpreted
by the reader and this could be a problem when producing live

shows. On the other hand, the factor that benefited us by using

standards of work was the consistency included throughout the
production. The consistency of work was the crucial element that
kept quality with our production; it gave the production crew more
specific estimations and predictability witch allowed us to plan the
format better. By doing so we would have a result of a much more
organized schedule saving us time, as we were limited.
The practical side of the production also required good
communication skills; tone of voice is another important factor of
the practical production. This is because tone of voice is the first
impression that the viewers will be introduced to; the tone helps
listeners understand what emotions are being portrayed. The
features that are usually present when expressing tone of voice are
volume, facial expressions and pitch of voice. We researched the
moods of similar shows in our pre-production and tweaked the tones
of voices we were going to use to depict them. We aimed the
research towards the target audiences and so we had to ensure our
tone of voice was appropriate. Similarly to tone of voice, when
presenting we must ensure that we concentrate on our pace of
delivery, we had to make sure the pace of the show was consistent
a manageable to the audience; because of this the rate of
progression had to be steady to allow the listeners to keep up and
not lose interest. I believe my team successfully managed to create
a relevant tone of voice for the production that suited the target
audience and the genre of the show; this was a success because of
the research that was done previously exploring the other shows
with similar formats.

Next we had to ensure that the live show we were producing was
appropriate to the target audience, this is crucial in developing the
shows theme and successfulness for the outcome. This is because a
show must aim its shows towards a specific group to get the
attention of the audience. If we aim our show towards a certain
target audience we can direct their attention towards the show. The
research can help us identify what the audience seeks and what
they deter. This means we can tweak anything within the show to
appeal more towards the audiences.
Visual Techniques
In our production we dressed appropriately to the style we had
planned beforehand during the production of our show. We planned
to dress in a code witch featured suit tops and appeared casual but
smart, this was successful as we al decided to bring suit tops and a
shirt. Similarly to other shows we researched, they all appear to
have a common theme witch we followed, for example the Jonathan

Ross Show uses smart suits even though the atmosphere of the
show is casual. We based our show to this style of work and it came
out very well. These types of shows are often more casual and
relaxed so therefore the visual techniques they sue include body
langue that displays the emotions of the people present on screen.
We had to replicate the movement that we had seen in our research
and apply it to the relevant areas of our show. Our show also
followed a casual theme therefore we had to ensure the hosts and
guests were positioned to appear in a state of comfort. This
important factor of visual techniques can also be portrayed
throughout the show in body langue that is used; viewers who watch
the shows often decide within the first few minutes of the show how
to interoperate its themes.
Body langue is the tool that the hosts will use to establish the mood
of the program; it aids the viewers into understanding what type of
show it is. I believe we did this well because we followed similar
shows that incorporate our style and themes; we used basic
gestures to show that the program is casual and chatty. The final
key factor of the visual techniques is the facial expressions that are
present throughout the show. During the live show, facial
expressions compromise gesture of the person speaking and show
the emotions of the guests and hosts throughout the show. Facial
expressions are also important in showing the guest that the host is
listening back and vise-versa; on top of this maintain eye contact
shows interest and that the person is interested in the conversation
as they are focused. Facial expressions can also convey the feelings
of the persons on the studio; I believe that in our production we
created appropriate facial expressions that showed the audience
that we were fully engaged and interested within each others topics
of conversation. This was made clear through the constant eye
contact and suitable emotions that were presented to display each
others emotions throughout the actual live show.

Structuring
During the pre-production we had to write and develop our scripts, I
found the questioning for the production to be a very simple process
as we had formulated a draft plan for the script beforehand giving
us a clue in witch direction we wanted to aim the questions. We
formulated questions that were relevant and were suitable towards
the target audience. We had to consider the interview style and
base our interviews style similar to the styles we had interviewed;
this means we had to include similar factors that the shows that we
researched used. Considering the interview style involved some

varied research that involved exploring different show styles and

how their structure progresses. We had to base our show to
correlate with similar shows that involved the same style as ours,
such as the Graham Norton Show. I believe we successfully
developed our show into having a good structure similar to those
with the same style; the format was also very good as it was the
same as other shows similar to ours. Our show began with an
introduction moved onto the progressive questions in each segment
and then finally finished with a conclusion of the shows summary,
this was also similar to the shows we had researched that were
successful.
Preparation
To prepare for our final live production, we had to ensure that the
client liaison was complete so that we could communicate and
ensure that the guests we were going to have full cooperation with
us. The guests we requested were all in close working distance
between us so therefore organizing the meetings would be very
easy for both the production crew and the guests. We organized the
talent management deadlines by using emails to contact each one
of our guests, this was fairly successful, as the guests we organized
had responded very quickly and they all replied with positive
enthusiasm. If I were to do anything different next time I would
change the fact that we did not organize any preparatory press
briefings, this would have helped our guests have an understanding
of the topics they were going to talk about and generally benefited
the preparation that the guests would be briefed about.
Multi-camera production roles
It was my role to be the presenter of the program, this involved
opening the show and establishing the content of the show. I believe
was very good at performing this role as I used research to guide me
through common traits of the role and how they work well to reach
out to there target audience. For example I acted casual and relaxed
when I opened the show similar to the researched shows that I had
previously analyzed. The job involved good communication skills as I
was the first introductory point of contact for the viewers therefore I
had to ensure that the theme of the show was presented as early as
possible. I did this by informally presenting the shows content and
expressing the format of the show to the viewers. I believe I did this
successfully as it seemed the show had a casual overall outlook and
the themes appeared to look similar to the shows we researched.