Wet Wild Tech Memo Us1 & Edgewater April 9, 2015 Opt

Florida Department of
TRANSPORTATION
Wetlands and Wildlife and

Habitat Technical Memorandum
Titusville to Edgewater Trail
from US 1 and Kennedy Parkway to
Park Avenue and Dale Street (Edgewater)
Financial Project Number: 424040-3-22-01
Federal Project Number: 7777-186-B
FDOT Office
District Five
719 S. Woodland Boulevard
Deland, Florida 32720-6834
Prepared By
Quest Ecology Inc.
Date of Publication
February 2015
www.dot.state.fl.us
Wetlands and Wildlife and

Habitat Technical Memorandum
Titusville to Edgewater Trail
from US 1 and Kennedy Parkway to
Park Avenue and Dale Street (Edgewater)
Federal Project Number: 7777-186-B
Prepared for Florida Department of Transportation

District 5
719 S. Woodland Boulevard
DeLand, FL 327720-6834
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) is conducting a Project Development
and Environment (PD&E) Study to develop a trail connection between the ends of the
East Central Regional Rail Trail (ECRRT) in Titusville (Brevard County) and in
Edgewater (Volusia County). The intent of the study is to develop and evaluate potential
preliminary design alternatives which would provide users a scenic opportunity through
existing natural areas such the Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge, Canaveral
National Seashore, the Indian River Lagoon and the Mosquito Lagoon, among others.
The total project length is approximately 33 miles. The study objective is to develop and
evaluate design alternatives for the provision of a bike route for recreational and
experienced bicyclists. The proposed route starts at the A. Max Brewer Memorial Bridge
in Brevard County, heads north though the Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge and
ends at Park Avenue on US 1 in Volusia County. These improvements are being
developed while fully ensuring project compliance with all applicable federal and state
laws and minimizing potential environmental impacts.
This Technical Memorandum focuses on only the Volusia County portion of the study
corridor.
Wetlands
Pursuant to Executive Order 11990 entitled Protection of Wetlands, (May 1977) the
U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) developed a policy, Preservation of the
Nations Wetlands (USDOT Order 5660.1A), dated August 24, 1978, which requires all
federally-funded highway projects to protect wetlands to the fullest extent possible. In
accordance with this policy, as well as Part 2, Chapter 18 - Wetlands of the FDOT
PD&E Manual, project alternatives were assessed to determine potential wetland impacts
associated with the construction of each alternative.
Although unavoidable wetland and surface water impacts may occur as a result of the
proposed build alternative, these wetlands are located adjacent to, and/or within, the
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existing roadway and were previously disturbed by roadway construction, maintenance

activities, and the invasion of nuisance and exotic species.
Identified and mapped along the project alternatives, including existing and proposed
ROW, were a total of 0.49 acres of wetlands and a total of 0.48 acres of other surface
waters. The US 1 Alternative will result in a total of 0.25 acres of impact to wetlands,
and 0.23 acres of impact to surface waters. The Edgewater Alternative will impact an
additional 0.21 acres of wetlands, and 0.10 acres of surface waters, for a total of 0.46
acres of wetland, and 0.33 acres of surface water impacts. Descriptions of the type,
dominant vegetation, condition and other pertinent remarks are provided in subsequent
sections of this report.
Surface waters impacted by the proposed trail consist primarily of ditches that are located
within or immediately adjacent to the existing right of way (ROW). Wetlands impacted
by proposed improvements consist of the outer edges of existing forested and herbaceous
systems that have been disturbed through previous roadway construction, utilities and
ROW maintenance activities.
Final determination of jurisdictional boundaries, in addition to mitigation requirements,
will be coordinated between the FDOT and permitting agencies during the final design
stage of the project.
Protected Species & Habitat
The project corridor was also assessed for the presence of suitable habitat for federaland/or state-listed protected species in accordance with 50 Code of Federal Regulations
(CFR) Part 402 of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973, as amended, Chapters 5B40: Preservation of Native Flora of Florida and 68A-27 Florida Administrative Code
(F.A.C.) Rules Relating to Endangered or Threatened Species, and Part 2, Chapter 27 Wildlife and Habitat Impacts of the FDOT PD&E Manual.
Database searches for protected species documentation were conducted, followed by field
reviews performed in December and September 2012, November 2013, and January
2015.
Two federally protected species and seven state protected species were
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determined to be present or have a high likelihood for utilization of project habitats. One
protected, non-listed species also occurs nearby. No federally or state listed plant species
were observed or are documented in the project area.
The wood stork (Mycteria americana) is designated as threatened by the US Fish and
Wildlife Service (USFWS) and endangered by the Florida Fish and Wildlife
Conservation Commission (FWC). No wood storks were observed during field reviews,
and the project is not within the Core Foraging Area (CFA) of any documented colonies.
However, potential foraging areas do exist within roadside ditches and wetlands along the
corridor. Because potential loss of Suitable Foraging Habitat (SFH) consists of 0.5 acre
or less, will either be mitigated or replaced, and the project is not considered within CFA,
it is not likely to adversely affect the wood stork.
The Eastern indigo snake (Drymarchon corais couperi) is federally and state listed as
threatened. The Eastern indigo snake and the gopher tortoise are commensal species. No
documentation exists in the vicinity and no sightings of individuals of this species were
observed during field surveys; however, suitable habitat is present on adjacent lands. The
FDOT will commit to implementing the USFWS Standard Protection Measures for the
Eastern Indigo Snake (Appendix B). It is therefore anticipated that this project may
affect, but is not likely to adversely affect the Eastern indigo snake.
The gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) is listed as threatened by the FWC and is a
candidate for listing by the USFWS. One gopher tortoise was observed in the ROW in
the Oak Hill area, however no burrows have been observed. Current FWC protection
measures require the relocation of gopher tortoises located within 25 feet of proposed
impact areas and allows for the relocation of commensal species such as the gopher frog
(Rana capito) and Florida mouse (Podomys floridanus). Surveys to identify all affected
burrows and relocations of gopher tortoises and commensals will be conducted, therefore
the project may affect, but is not likely to adversely affect these species.
Several FWC listed wetland dependent avian species have a high likelihood of
occurrence along the project corridor. Wetland dependent species with a high potential to
utilize corridor habitats include: Florida sandhill crane (Grus canadensis pratensis), little
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blue heron (Egretta caerulea), roseate spoonbill (Ajaja ajaja), snowy egret (Egretta
thula), tricolored heron (Egretta tricolor), and white ibis (Eudocimus albus). Florida
sandhill crane is listed as threatened by the FWC; the remaining species are listed as
species of special concern by the FWC. Because unavoidable impacts to wetlands which
provide foraging habitat will be mitigated, the project may affect, but is not likely to
adversely affect wetland dependent bird species.
Commitments to protect these species and habitat are provided and detailed in this report.
These commitments include but are not limited to protection measures employed during
design and construction phases.
Standard operating measures such as providing
compensatory mitigation to foraging habitat and resurveying of suitable habitat areas

prior to construction will also provide protection for species and habitat. If protected
species are located, coordination with the USFWS, FWC and/or the Florida Department
of Agriculture and Consumer Services - Division of Plant Industry (FDACSDPI) will be
initiated to determine permit requirements or modifications to construction activities that
may be required.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................. i
Section 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................1
1.1 Project Description.....................................................................................................1
1.2 Purpose and Need ......................................................................................................2
Section 2 - EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ............................................5
2.1
Methodology ................................................................................................5
2.2
Existing Land Use ........................................................................................5
2.3
Upland Vegetation Communities...............................................................10
2.4
Wetlands & Surface Water Features ..........................................................11
2.4.1
Wetlands ................................................................................................... 14
2.4.2
Surface Waters .......................................................................................... 15
2.4.3
Additional Drainage Features ................................................................... 15
Section 3 - WETLAND IMPACTS ...................................................................................16
3.3
Wetland Impact Mitigation ........................................................................18
Section 4 - PROTECTED SPECIES & HABITAT ...........................................................19
4.1
Methodology ..............................................................................................19
4.2
Results ........................................................................................................20
4.2.1
Potentially Occurring Protected Wildlife.................................................. 20
4.2.2
Results of Field Surveys ............................................................................24
4.3
Federally Protected Species .......................................................................24
4.3.1
Wood Stork ............................................................................................... 24
4.3.2
Eastern Indigo Snake ................................................................................ 25
4.4
State Protected Species ..............................................................................25
4.4.1
Gopher Tortoise ........................................................................................ 25
4.4.2
Wetland Dependent Avian Species ........................................................... 26
4.5
Protected, Non-Listed Species ...................................................................27
4.4.1
Bald Eagle ................................................................................................. 27
Section 5 - CONCLUSIONS & COMMITMENTS ..........................................................27
5.1
Wetlands ....................................................................................................27
5.2
Protected Species & Habitat ......................................................................28
Section 6 - REFERENCES ................................................................................................30
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TABLE OF CONTENTS cont.

TABLES
Table 3-1 US 1 Alternative Wetlands .......................................................................17
Table 3-2 US 1 Alternative Surface Waters .............................................................17
Table 3-3 Edgewater Alternative Wetlands ..............................................................18
Table 3-4 Edgewater Alternative Surface Waters ....................................................18
Table 4-1 Potentially Occurring Listed Wildlife Species ............................................21
FIGURES
Figure 1 Location Map...................................................................................................3
Figure 2 Project Location Volusia Section ....................................................................4
Figure 3 SJRWMD Land Use and Land Cover, Page 1 of 2 .........................................6
Figure 3 SJRWMD Land Use and Land Cover, Page 2 of 2 .........................................7
Figure 4 Public, Conservation, and Park Lands, Page 1 of 2.........................................8
Figure 4 Public, Conservation and Park Lands, Page 2 of 2..........................................9
Figure 5 National Wetlands Inventory, Page 1 of 2.....................................................12
Figure 5 National Wetlands Inventory, Page 2 of 2.....................................................13
Figure 6 Historic Listed Species Occurrences, Page 1 of 2 .........................................22
Figure 6 Historic Listed Species Occurrences, Page 2 of 2 .........................................23
APPENDICES
Appendix A: Wetland and Surface Water Impact Areas
Appendix B: Standard Protection Measures for the Eastern Indigo Snake
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Section 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Project Description
The Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) is conducting a Project Development
and Environment (PD&E) Study to develop a trail connection between the ends of the
East Central Regional Rail Trail (ECRRT) in Titusville (Brevard County) and in
Edgewater (Volusia County) (Figure 1). The proposed trail is anticipated to be a
combination of on-road and off-road trail segments. The on-road segments include the
adding or widening paved shoulders, while the off road segments consist of the
construction of a new shared-use path. The proposed route starts at the A. Max Brewer
Memorial Bridge in Brevard County, heads north though the Merritt Island National
Wildlife Refuge, and ends on Park Avenue at Dale Street in Volusia County. A route off
US 1, from the intersection of Roberts Road with US 1 to the intersection of Mango Tree
Drive with Park Avenue, was also considered.
This Technical Memorandum covers only the Volusia County portions of the overall trail
project. The Brevard County portions will be addressed in a subsequent study. The
limits of the Volusia study segments are described below, and graphically depicted in
Figure 2. Possible trailheads for the Volusia portion of the trail could be located on
parcels adjacent to SR 5 (US 1) near the start at Kennedy Parkway and Park Avenue near
Dale Street in Edgewater.
Oak Hill Alignment
This segment is located along SR 5 (US 1) between the intersection of Kennedy Parkway
and Orange Avenue in Volusia County. It runs through both the cities of Oak Hill and
Edgewater.
Edgewater Alignment
This segment is located along SR 5 (US 1) within the city of Edgewater, between Orange
Avenue and Park Avenue. It continues along Park Avenue to the end of the project at
Dale Street in Volusia County.
Page 1
Edgewater Alternative
This segment runs from SR 5 (US 1) and Roberts Road to Park Avenue and Mango Tree
Drive.
1.2 Purpose and Need
When completed, the East Central Regional Rail Trail will have end points in Titusville,
and in Edgewater. The intent of the study is to develop and evaluate potential preliminary
design alternatives which would connect the end points and provide users a scenic
opportunity through existing natural areas such as the Canaveral National Seashore and
the Mosquito Lagoon, among others.
The project need is to provide a bike route for casual, recreational and experienced
bicyclists which would create a loop connecting the ends of the East Central Regional
Rail Trail.
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Project Location
1 inch = 40 miles
Titusville to Edgewater Bike Loop PD&E Study
Volusia County, Florida
Figure 1
Project Location Map
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Volusia
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US1 Alternative
1 inch = 1.5 miles

Figure 2
Project Location
Volusia Section
Section 2 - EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

2.1
Methodology
A variety of resources including St. Johns River Water Management District

(SJRWMD) Land Use data, National Wetland Inventory (NWI) maps, U.S. Geographical
Survey (USGS) topographical maps, aerial photographs, and field surveys were
employed to identify the upland and wetland communities that occur within the study
area.
All wetlands and surface water features within and immediately adjacent to the project
corridor were mapped on aerial photographs (2012), and assigned an identification
number. The identification number includes (W) for a wetland or (SW) for a surface
water feature such as ditches. Upland and wetland habitats were also classified utilizing
the Florida Land Use Cover and Forms Classification System (FLUCFCS) (FDOT
1999).
2.2
Existing Land Use
The Oak Hill and Edgewater land use/land cover discussion was derived from the
SJRWMD 2009 data set.
The proposed trail route in the Oak Hill segment of the project is essentially the US 1
corridor, which has been classified by the SJRWMD land cover data set as an
approximately 170 wide strip designated as barren land for the entire corridor (Figure
3). Based on field observations, the corridor consists of maintained, grassy edges, with
grassed swales and occasional vegetated roadside ditches. Land uses traversed by the
corridor have been designated primarily as a mix of urban and developed lands
interspersed with undeveloped areas classified as rangeland and upland forest. The trail
route passes near some public park lands, primarily along the Edgewater Alternative.
Several Volusia County designated conservation lands are found within the vicinity, to
the east and west of US 1 (Figure 4).
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Land Use
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Rangeland
Transportation & Utilities
Upland Forests
Urban & Built-Up
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Wetlands
1 inch = 4,000 feet

Figure 3
SJRWMD Land Use and
Land Cover
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Upland Forests
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Wetlands
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Figure 3
SJRWMD Land Use and
Land Cover
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Volusia County Park Lands
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1 inch = 4,000 feet
Figure 4
Public, Conservation,
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Volusia County Park Lands
Volusia County Conservation Lands

1 inch = 4,000 feet
Figure 4
Public, Conservation,
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GEORGE KENNEDY
MEMORIAL PARK
2.3
Upland Vegetation Communities
The Oak Hill segment of the project, although being characterized as approximately 50%
urban and developed, also passes through patches of upland non-forested lands consisting
of mixed upland and herbaceous non-forested lands, as well as shrub and brush lands.
Also present in this section are forested lands consisting of upland mixed
coniferous/hardwood forest. The Edgewater area mainly consists of urban and residential
areas with little upland habitat present. The major upland communities identified within
and directly adjacent to the project corridor are described below and classified according
to FLUCFCS. Field reviews confirmed vegetation community types and the presence or
potential for occurrence of protected plant and wildlife species.
Upland Coniferous Forests (FLUCFCS 410)
Any natural forested habitat which is dominated by a coniferous canopy of at least 66
percent is included in this habitat type. Generally these areas are found scattered adjacent
to the ROW with small areas of forested wetlands interspersed infrequently, and consist
of pine flatwoods and pine with mesic oak. The pine flatwoods class is dominated by
slash pine (Pinus elliottii) and longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) and commonly support an
understory of saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), wax myrtle (Myrica cerifera), gallberry
(Ilex glabra) and a wide variety of herbs and brush. The patches of pine flatwoods tend
to be overgrown and shrubby due to fire suppression. In moister sites, slash pines grow
in strong association with a variety of mesic oaks and other hardwoods, and can be
further classified as Pine-Mesic Oak, FLUCFCS 414. These areas along the ROW
contain a mix of slash pine, laurel oak (Quercus laurifolia) and a few hardwoods such as
sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua). These areas can provide cover and foraging for
numerous species of birds, mammals and reptiles although no listed species were
observed.
Hardwood Conifer Mixed (FLUCFCS 430)
Neither conifers nor hardwoods achieve 66 percent dominance in this habitat that was
likely Pine Flatwoods (FLUCFCS 411) at one time but overgrowth of hardwoods and
Page 10
exotic species has occurred. Presence of these hardwoods and exotics is likely due to fire
suppression. Canopy species including slash pine, red maple (Acer rubrum) and both
laurel and live oaks (Quercus virginiana) are present.
Shrub and Brushland (FLUCFCS 320)
These areas consist of a variety of overgrown shrubby vegetation and groundcover
consisting of grasses and vines. Large patches of grape vine (Vitis spp.) are found
growing over the ground cover in many locations. These areas are likely the result of
cleared and disturbed upland forests that have begun to regenerate with successional
species.
2.4
Wetlands & Surface Water Features
According to NWI, the northern Oak Hill and Edgewater segments of the US 1 trail route
are almost completely devoid of wetland areas within and immediately adjacent to the
ROW (Figure 5). Some freshwater forested and freshwater emergent wetlands are present
in the southern portion of the Oak Hill area, and along the Edgewater Alternative. In
addition, a few areas of vegetated roadside ditches, creeks and narrow canals occur, and
have been verified during field reviews. Shallow swale systems associated with the
roadway that support primarily turf grass and are regularly mowed are not considered
wetlands or other surface waters and therefore were not evaluated for impacts or mapped
during field surveys.
Three primary wetland habitat types and one main surface water type are present within
the project corridor.
Wetland habitat types include Wetland Hardwood Forests
(FLUCFCS 610), Freshwater Marshes (FLUCFCS 641) and Streams and Waterways
(FLUCFCS 510). Surface water features include vegetated ditches and channelized
creeks. Descriptions of the wetland and surface water community types are provided
below.
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Estuarine and Marine Deepwater Wetland
Estuarine and Marine Wetland
Freshwater Emergent Wetland
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Freshwater Pond
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Figure 5
National Wetlands
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Estuarine and Marine Wetland

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Freshwater Forested/Shrub Wetland
Freshwater Pond
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Figure 5
National Wetlands
Inventory
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2.4.1 Wetlands
Wetland Hardwood Forests (FLUCFCS 610)
This is the most common native wetland type found on the project corridor, and occurs
most frequently in the southern Oak Hill area, interspersed within upland forests.
Hydrologic conditions within these wetland areas generally consist of saturated soils to
intermittent and seasonal flooding. Red maple and sweetgum are typically dominant in
the canopy, with other species observed including sweetbay (Magnolia virginiana),
cabbage palm (Sabal palmetto), laurel oak, and live oak. In many areas the canopy is
dense and the understory is limited to fern species such as chain fern (Woodwardia sp.)
and shield fern (Thelypteris sp.). Shrub species tend to be limited to the outer edges
which often are contiguous with shallow roadside ditches.
Shrubs observed in
association with this habitat type include: Carolina willow (Salix caroliniana), wax
myrtle, elderberry (Sambucus canadensis), and Peruvian primrose willow (Ludwigia
peruviana). Most of these wetlands exhibit a moderate level of disturbance, particularly
along the roadside edges where exotic species such as Brazilian pepper (Schinus
terebinthifolius) have invaded. Wetlands mapped along the corridor that fall into this
category include: W01, W02, W03, W04, W08, W09 and W10.
Freshwater Marsh (FLUCFCS 641)
Two native freshwater emergent wetlands are found on the corridor, within W01 and
W05. The herbaceous component of W01 occurs in the northern extent of this otherwise
forested wetland system. Dominant species include pickerelweed (Pontederia cordata),
bulltongue arrowhead (Sagittaria lancifolia) and Peruvian primrose willow, with
sawgrass (Cladium jamaicense), maidencane, and bushy bluestem (Andropogon
glomeratus). Vegetation within W05 is similar, although more disturbed, and includes
cover by cattail (Typha sp.) and torpedograss (Panicum repens), with scattered red maple
saplings. Both of these herbaceous wetlands extend into the US 1 ROW.
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Streams and Waterways (FLUCFCS 510)

These areas consist of cleared and/or channelized waterways that extend via culverts
under US 1 (W06, W07). Historically, they appear to have been natural creek channels.
W06 is a steep sided channel with banks that support weedy upland vegetation such as
Spanish needles (Bidens alba), ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) and grape vine. The
channel continues into a forested system to the east of the ROW.
W07 is a cleared
channel within the ROW but supports forested wetland species along the banks to the
east, along the south side of Indian Creek Road.
2.4.2 Surface Waters
Surface waters along the corridor consist of manmade ditches that support wetland
vegetation, and at the time of the field surveys, standing water. These features are
associated with the stormwater management facilities currently in place to serve US 1
and adjacent roadways. These are located within the ROW and vary in depth and width,
ranging from approximately 6 to 10 feet wide.
Vegetation cover also varies, but
generally includes emergent wetland herbs and shrubs. Species frequently observed
include: elderberry, primrose willow, pickerelweed, arrowhead, pennywort (Hydrocotyle
umbellata), and a variety of sedges and rushes (Cyperus spp., Fiurena sp., Eleocharis
sp.).
These have been labeled SW01 through SW12, with SW12 occurring at the
northern end of the project.

2.4.3 Additional Drainage Features
A variety of non-wetland, man-made swales and shallow ditches are located along the
corridor. These features also tend to be associated with the stormwater management
system currently in place to serve US 1 and adjacent roadways. These drainage features
are man-made conveyances constructed within the ROW and do not support a dominance
of wetland vegetation.
Water regimes generally consist of intermittent flooding.
Dominant vegetation is turf grasses, and mowing of these areas is conducted on a routine
basis.
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Section 3 - WETLAND IMPACTS

Each of the areas of potentially affected wetlands and surface waters were mapped along
the corridor and areas calculated for direct impacts associated with the 10 wide proposed
trail (Appendix A). Total acreage for wetlands and surface waters within the project area,
which includes the existing or proposed areas of ROW, is 0.97 (0.49 and 0.48,
respectively). The US 1 Alternative will result in a total of 0.25 acres of impact to
wetlands, and 0.23 acres of impact to surface waters (Tables 3-1 & 3-2). The Edgewater
Alternative will impact an additional 0.21 acres of wetlands, and 0.10 acres of surface
waters, for a total of 0.46 acres of wetland, and 0.33 acres of surface water impacts
(Tables 3-3 & 3-4). The surface waters proposed for impact generally consist of roadside
ditches that are of limited habitat value. The affected wetlands have been moderately
impacted by past activities, and the impact areas consist of the outer fringes that have
been previously affected by roadway and utility construction.
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TABLE 3-1
US 1 ALTERNATIVE - WETLANDS
Wetland ID
W01
W02
W03
W04
W05
W06
W07
Total Area
Impact Area
0.125
0.125
0.002
0.002
0.051
0.051
0.020
0.020
0.031
0.031
0.017
0.006
0.019
0.019
Total
0.254
TABLE 3-2
US 1 ALTERNATIVE - SURFACE WATERS
SW ID
SW01
SW02
SW03
SW04
SW05
SW06
SW07
SW08
Total Area
Impact Area
0.147
0.147
0.039
0.039
0.026
0.026
0.060
0.019
0.015
0.043
0.004
0.007
0.003
0.003
TOTAL
0.234
Page 17
TABLE 3-3
EDGEWATER ALTERNATIVE - WETLANDS
Wetland ID
Total Area
W08
W09
W10
Impact Area
0.004
0.004
0.025
0.025
0.198
0.184
Total
0.213
TABLE 3-4
EDGEWATER ALTERNATIVE - SURFACE WATERS
SW ID
SW09
SW10
SW11
SW12
3.3
Total Area
Impact Area
0.015
0.008
0.015
0.003
0.033
0.024
0.077
0.071
TOTAL
0.106
Wetland Impact Mitigation
Project constraints and ROW limits provide no practicable alternatives that would result
in complete avoidance of impacts to wetlands. Whenever possible, permanent impacts
will be limited to the smallest degree possible through design modification. Temporary
impacts to wetlands will be conducted utilizing Best Management Practices (BMP)
and/or FDOTs Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction.
Due to the relatively small amount of wetland impact associated with the project,
mitigation requirements will likely be minimal. Required compensation for wetland
Page 18
impacts will likely be addressed pursuant to S. 373.4137, Florida Statutes (F.S.) in order
to satisfy all mitigation requirements of Part IV, Chapter 373, F.S. and 33 United States
Code (U.S.C.) 1344.
Several other options for mitigation of wetland impacts exist for FDOT and include
public or private mitigation banks and wetland creation, restoration, and / or preservation
within the project watersheds. Mitigation options will be investigated further during the
final design phase of the project.
Section 4 - PROTECTED SPECIES & HABITAT

4.1
Methodology
Literature reviews, agency data base searches, and field reviews of potential habitat areas
were conducted to identify state and federally protected species occurring or potentially
occurring within the project area. Land use data and recent aerial photographs were
reviewed to determine habitat types occurring within and adjacent to the project corridor.
Information sources and databases utilized include the following:
FWC
Florida Geographic Data Library
USFWS
Wood storks rookeries database
Based on the results of database searches, preliminary field reviews, and review of aerial
photographs, field survey methods for specific habitat types and lists of target species
were developed. Field reviews consisted of vehicular surveys, roadside observations and
pedestrian surveys along the ROW in natural areas and altered habitats with the potential
to support protected species. In the absence of physical evidence of a protected species,
evaluation of the appropriate habitat was conducted to determine the likelihood of a
species being present. Field reviews were conducted in December and September 2012,
November 2013, and January 2015. Surveys took place within the existing and proposed
trail ROW, with visual observations conducted on adjacent lands. Any observations of
Page 19
protected species or indicators of their presence (i.e., vocalizations, tracks, scat, burrows,
etc.) within or immediately adjacent to the study area were documented.
4.2
Results
Figure 6 depicts the results from the database searches for protected species occurrences
historically documented in the vicinity. The entire project corridor lies within the
USFWS consultation areas for the crested caracara (Caracara cheriway), Florida
manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris), piping plover (Charadrius melodus), and
Florida scrub-jay (Aphelocoma coerulescens). Although historic data (1992-93) depict
nearby occurrences of the Florida scrub-jay, these areas have been developed and habitat
no longer exists in these areas. Because suitable habitat for each of the above species is
entirely lacking on the project corridor, no effect is anticipated.
4.2.1 Potentially Occurring Protected Wildlife
A list of potentially occurring protected species was developed, and each species was
assigned a low, moderate or high likelihood for occurrence within habitats found on the
project corridor. Table 4-1 lists the federal and state protected wildlife species with the
potential to occur within the project corridor, based on potential availability of suitable
habitat and known ranges. Definitions for likelihood of occurrence are provided below:
Low - Species with a low likelihood of occurrence within the project corridor are
defined as those species that are known to occur in Volusia County or the bioregion, but preferred habitat is limited on the project corridor, or the species is
rare or has been extirpated.
Moderate - Species with a moderate likelihood for occurrence are those species
known to occur in Volusia or nearby counties, and for which suitable habitat is
well represented on the project corridor, but no observations or positive
indications exist to verify their presence.
High - Species with a high likelihood for occurrence are suspected within the
project corridor based on known ranges and existence of sufficient preferred
Page 20
habitat on the corridor; are known to occur adjacent to the corridor; or have been
previously observed or documented in the vicinity.
TABLE 4-1
POTENTIALLY OCCURRING LISTED WILDLIFE SPECIES
Common Name
Bald Eagle
Florida Sandhill
Crane
Florida Scrub-jay
Least Tern
Little Blue Heron
Reddish Egret
Roseate Spoonbill
Snowy Egret
Tricolor Heron
White Ibis
Wood Stork
Reptiles
Eastern Indigo Snake
Florida Pine Snake
Gopher Tortoise
Scientific Name
Haliaeetus
leucocephalus
Grus canadensis
pratensis
Aphelocoma
coerulescens
Sternula antillarum
Egretta caerulea
Egretta rufescens
Platalea ajaja
Egretta thula
Egretta tricolor
Eudocimus albus
Mycteria americana
Drymarchon corais
couperi
Pituophis melanoleucas
mugitus
Gopherus polyphemus
Federal/State
Legal Status
Likelihood for
Occurrence
IUCN LC
High
N/T
High
T/T
Low
N/T
N/SSC
N/SSC
N/SSC
N/SSC
N/SSC
N/SSC
T/E
Low
High
Low
Moderate
High
High
High
High
T/T
High
N/SSC
Moderate
Candidate/T
High
E = Endangered, T = Threatened, SSC = Species of Special Concern,

LC = Least Concern, N = Not Listed, IUCN = International Union for
Conservation of Nature
Page 21
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4.2.2 Results of Field Surveys

One gopher tortoise, a state listed species, was observed walking along the US 1 ROW in
the Oak Hill area during preliminary field reviews. No burrows were observed within the
ROW or nearby. The closest burrows observed are located to the south of this section,
along Kennedy Parkway in Brevard County. Several bald eagle nests are documented in
the area, however, the nearest nest to the corridor is approximately 1500 to the east. No
other protected wildlife species were observed. No state or federally listed plant species
were observed. Descriptions are provided below for those species which have high
potential to occur within habitats identified on the corridor.
4.3
Federally Protected Species
Federally protected wildlife species which have been identified as having a high
probability for occurrence in the vicinity of the corridor includes the wood stork
(Mycteria americana), and Eastern indigo snake (Drymarchon corais couperi).
No
federally listed plant species were observed or are documented for the corridor.
4.3.1 Wood Stork
Wood storks (Mycteria americana) utilize freshwater and estuarine habitats for nesting,
foraging, and roosting. Wood storks typically are colonial nesters and construct their
nests in medium to tall trees located within wetlands or on islands. Wood storks are
listed as threatened by the USFWS and endangered by FWC.
Numerous wading bird colonies have been documented to the south and east of the
Oakhill and Edgewater segments. However, no active wood stork rookeries are recorded
within the 15 mile core foraging area as described by USFWS for this part of Florida.
Although roadside ditches and surface waters adjacent to the corridor are likely utilized
as forage areas for a variety of wading bird species, including wood stork, these areas are
not located within CFA for wood stork. As a result, the project is not likely to adversely
affect the wood stork.
Page 24
4.3.2 Eastern Indigo Snake

Eastern indigo snakes are large, black, non-venomous snakes which are distributed
throughout the southeastern United States. The Eastern indigo snake occurs in a wide
variety of habitats, including forested uplands and wetlands as well as wet and dry
prairies. This species feeds on snakes, frogs, salamanders, toads, small mammals, birds
and young turtles. Eastern indigo snakes are listed as threatened by both the USFWS and
FWC.
No individuals were observed during the field surveys, however, areas of suitable habitat
for this species occurs adjacent to the project corridor. The probability of occurrence for
this species within the corridor is therefore high.
The USFWS Eastern Indigo Snake Programmatic Effect Determination Key was
completed for this project.
Since Standard Protection Measures are likely to be
incorporated in the final project design and implemented during construction, appropriate
habitat is limited, and if found during preconstruction surveys all active and inactive
gopher tortoise burrows will be evacuated prior to construction, this project may affect,
but is not likely to adversely affect the eastern indigo snake.
4.4
State Protected Species
State listed wildlife species which have been identified as having a high probability for
occurrence in the vicinity of the corridor includes gopher tortoise (Gopherus
polyephemus) and several species of wetland dependent birds. No state listed plant
species were observed or recorded in the project area.
4.4.1 Gopher Tortoise
Gopher tortoises reach reproductive maturity at 16-21 years of age. Gopher tortoises nest
in late April to mid-July. Preferred habitats include xeric areas with sandy soils and open
canopy with low groundcover. The gopher tortoise feeds primarily on new shoots of
grasses and broad-leaf herbs, but may also consume mushrooms, fleshy fruits and some
animal matter.
Page 25
The gopher tortoise is listed by the FWC as threatened, and is currently a candidate for
listing by the USFWS. An adult tortoise was observed within the ROW in the Oak Hill
area during preliminary field surveys. No burrows have been observed, however, are
likely to occur within habitats adjacent to the project area.
Comprehensive surveys for tortoises and their burrows will be conducted during the final
design phase of the project. Per FWC requirements, gopher tortoise burrows located
within 25 feet of proposed impact areas must be excavated and tortoises relocated to an
approved recipient site.
Commensal species that may utilize the burrows, such as the
gopher frog (Rana capito) and Florida mouse (Podomys floridanus) will also be relocated
if encountered.
Because no tortoise burrows were observed along the corridor, and the FWC rules that
require the relocation of this species, the project may affect, but is not likely to adversely
affect the gopher tortoise.
4.4.2 Wetland Dependent Avian Species
This category includes state listed wetland dependent avian species that have a potential
to occur on the project corridor. This includes: Florida sandhill crane (Grus canadensis
pratensis), little blue heron (Egretta caerulea), roseate spoonbill (Ajaja ajaja), snowy
egret (Egretta thula), tricolored heron (Egretta tricolor), and white ibis (Eudocimus
albus). Florida sandhill crane is listed as threatened by the FWC; the remaining species
are listed as species of special concern by the FWC.
No wetland dependent bird species were observed during field surveys, however wading
bird colonies have been documented to the south and east of the Oak Hill and Edgewater
segments. No rookeries for these or other species were observed during field surveys.
Wetlands and surface waters that provide foraging potential for the wetland dependent
avian species include ditches/swales, ponds, and wetlands. Unavoidable wetland impacts
will be mitigated as appropriate.
Impacts to surface water features will likely be
compensated for in the future design of the stormwater management system. The project
Page 26
therefore may affect, but is not likely to adversely affect these wetland dependent avian
species.
4.5
Protected, Non-Listed Species
4.4.1 Bald Eagle

Although the bald eagle is no longer afforded protection by the ESA, protection for the
species is afforded through the Migratory Birds Program per the Migratory Bird Treaty
Act (MBTA) and Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act (BGEPA). The USFWS will
still regulate activities if an active eagle nest is within 660 feet of a proposed activity.
Bald eagles are also no longer listed by the FWC but monitoring may be required
pursuant to the FWC Eagle Management Guidelines.
A total of 12 bald eagle nests have been documented by the FWC within one mile of the
Edgewater and Oak Hill segments. The closest of these is over mile from the corridor;
therefore, no impacts from the project are anticipated.
Section 5 - CONCLUSIONS & COMMITMENTS

5.1
Wetlands
Although unavoidable wetland and surface water impacts may occur as a result of the
proposed build alternative, these wetlands are located adjacent to, and/or within, the
existing roadway and were previously disturbed by roadway construction, maintenance
activities, and the invasion of nuisance and exotic species.
Identified and mapped along the project alternatives were a total of 0.49 acres of
wetlands and a total of 0.48 acres of other surface waters. The US 1 Alternative will
result in a total of 0.25 acres of impact to wetlands, and 0.23 acres of impact to surface
waters. The Edgewater Alternative will impact an additional 0.21 acres of wetlands, and
0.10 acres of surface waters, for a total of 0.46 acres of wetland, and 0.33 acres of surface
water impacts.
Surface waters impacted by the proposed trail consist primarily of ditches that are located
within or immediately adjacent to the existing right of way (ROW). Wetlands impacted
Page 27
by proposed improvements consist of the outer edges of existing forested and herbaceous
systems that have been disturbed through previous roadway construction, utilities and
ROW maintenance activities.
The FDOT is committed to the following measures to address wetland impacts for this
project:
Practicable measures to avoid or minimize wetland impacts will be addressed

during final design for the project.
Best Management Practices will be incorporated during construction to minimize

wetland impacts.
Unavoidable wetland impacts will be mitigated pursuant to S. 373.4137F.S. to

satisfy all mitigation requirements of Part IV, Chapter 373,F.S. and 33 U.S.C.s
1344 or by purchase of mitigation bank credits.
5.2
Protected Species & Habitat
The project may affect but is not likely to adversely affect federally and state protected
wildlife species.
Federally protected species which may be affected but are not likely to be adversely
affected by the project include the Eastern indigo snake. The project is not likely to
adversely affect the wood stork. State protected species which may be affected but are
not likely to be adversely affected by the project include gopher tortoise and wetland
dependent avian species. One protected, non-listed species that is present but no effect
anticipated for is the bald eagle.
Multiple avenues of protection will be employed to negate and minimize any potential
affects to these species. Some of the measures employed will include detailed surveys
and agency coordination during the project design phase, BMPs during construction,
adherence to FDOTs Standard Specification for Road and Bridge Construction,
relocation of potentially affected gopher tortoises and commensal species, and utilization
of standard construction precautions for species such as the Eastern indigo snake.
Page 28
In order to assure that adverse impacts to protected species within the vicinity of the
project corridor will not occur, the FDOT will abide by standard construction precautions
in addition to the following commitments:
To assure the protection of the Eastern indigo snake during construction, the
FDOT will incorporate the most current USFWS guideline Standard
Protection Measures for the Eastern Indigo Snake if it is determined that the
projects construction limits would involve habitat for this species. Appendix
B provides an example of the currently approved construction guidelines.
Surveys for potentially affected gopher tortoise burrows will be conducted

prior to construction, and permits to relocate tortoises and commensals as
appropriate will be obtained from the FWC.
Page 29
Section 6 - REFERENCES
Florida Department of Transportation. January 1999. Florida Land Use, Cover and
Forms Classification System. Surveying and Mapping Thematic Mapping
Section. Tallahassee, Florida. 91 pp.
Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission,
http://myfwc.com/media/427567/Eagle_Plan_April_2008.pdf. Accessed May
2014.
Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. November 2007. Floridas
Endangered Species, Threatened Species, and Species of Special Concern.
Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. Tallahassee, Florida. 7 pp.
Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
https://public.myfwc.com/FWRI/EagleNests/nestlocator.aspx#search accessed
April 2014.
Florida Natural Areas Inventory and Florida Department of Natural Resources, 1990.
Guide to the Natural Communities of Florida. Tallahassee, FL.
Godfrey, Robert K. & Wooten, Jean W. 1981. Aquatic and Wetland Plants of
Southeastern United States: Dicotyledons. The University of Georgia Press.
Athens, Georgia. 933 pp.
Godfrey, Robert K. & Wooten, Jean W. 1979. Aquatic and Wetland Plants of
Southeastern United States: Monocotyledons. The University of Georgia Press.
Athens, Georgia. 712 pp.
U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service. 1988 . National Wetlands
Inventory. Atlanta, Georgia.
U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service. Last updated June 28, 2007
Bald Eagle Management Guidelines and Conservation Measures. Located at
http://www.fws.gov/southeast/es/baldeagle/index.html.
Page 30
APPENDIX A
Wetland and Surface Water Impact Areas
4135
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4133
SW07 SW12
SW08 SW11
r
4135
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A1A
SW10
442
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T
SW09
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T
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SW05
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4147
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T
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4164
W07
W06
SW04
SW03 SW01
SW02
W05
W04
W03
W03
W02
W01
Legend
US1 Alternative
10 ft Trail Footprint
Right of Way
Potential Impact Areas
Surface Water
Wetland
1 inch = 75 feet
Appendix A
Wetland & Surface Water Impacts
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SW04
SW03 SW01
SW02
W05
W04
W03
W03
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Legend
US1 Alternative
Right of Way
Surface Water
Wetland
1 inch = 75 feet
Appendix A
Page 2 of 16
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SW08 SW11
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W06
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Legend
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Right of Way
Surface Water
Wetland
1 inch = 75 feet
Appendix A
Page 3 of 16
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W01
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Surface Water
Wetland
1 inch = 75 feet
Appendix A
Page 4 of 16
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Right of Way
Surface Water
Wetland
1 inch = 75 feet
Appendix A
Page 5 of 16
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W03
W02
W01
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SW04
SW03 SW01
SW02
W05
SW02
W04
SW01
Legend
US1 Alternative
Right of Way
Surface Water
Wetland
1 inch = 75 feet
Appendix A
Page 6 of 16
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W03
W02
W01
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SW08 SW11
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W06
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SW02
W05
W04
W03
W03
W02
W01
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Legend
US1 Alternative
Right of Way
Surface Water
Wetland
1 inch = 75 feet
Appendix A
Page 7 of 16
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W06
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SW02
W05
W04
W03
W03
W02
W01
W06
Legend
US1 Alternative
Right of Way
Surface Water
Wetland
1 inch = 75 feet
Appendix A
Page 8 of 16
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SW08 SW11
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SW02
W05
W04
W03
W03
W02
W01
Legend
US1 Alternative
Right of Way
Surface Water
Wetland
1 inch = 75 feet
Appendix A
Page 9 of 16
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r
A1A
SW10
442
S
T
SW09
W10 W08
W09
S
T
SW06
SW05
r
4147
S
T
r
4164
W07
W06
SW04
SW03 SW01
SW02
W05
W04
W03
W03
W02
W01
Legend
US1 Alternative
Right of Way
Surface Water
Wetland
1 inch = 75 feet
10
Appendix A
Page 10 of 16
SW06
4135
r
4133
SW07 SW12
SW08 SW11
r
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SW10
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S
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SW09
W10 W08
W09
S
T
SW06
SW05
r
4147
S
T
r
4164
W07
W06
SW04
SW03 SW01
SW02
W05
W04
W03
W03
W02
W01
Legend
US1 Alternative
Right of Way
Surface Water
Wetland
1 inch = 75 feet
11
Appendix A
Page 11 of 16
W08
4135
r
4133
SW07 SW12
SW08 SW11
r
4135
r
A1A
SW10
442
S
T
SW09
W10 W08
W09
S
T
SW06
SW05
r
4147
S
T
r
4164
W07
W06
SW04
SW03 SW01
SW02
W05
W04
W10
Legend
US1 Alternative
W09
Right of Way
Surface Water
Wetland
1 inch = 75 feet
12
Appendix A
Page 12 of 16
W03
W03
W02
W01
4135
r
4133
SW07 SW12
SW08 SW11
r
4135
r
A1A
SW10
442
S
T
SW09
W10 W08
W09
S
T
SW06
SW05
4147
S
T
r
4164
W07
W06
SW04
SW03 SW01
SW02
W05
W04
W03
W03
W02
W01
SW09
Legend
US1 Alternative
Right of Way
Surface Water
Wetland
1 inch = 75 feet
13
Appendix A
Page 13 of 16
4135
r
4133
SW07 SW12
SW08 SW11
r
4135
r
A1A
SW10
442
S
T
SW09
W10 W08
W09
S
T
SW06
SW05
r
4147
S
T
r
4164
W07
W06
SW04
SW03 SW01
SW02
W05
W04
W03
W03
W02
W01
Legend
US1 Alternative
Right of Way
Surface Water
Wetland
1 inch = 75 feet
14
Appendix A
Page 14 of 16
SW10
4135
r
4133
SW07 SW12
SW08 SW11
r
4135
r
A1A
SW10
442
S
T
SW09
W10 W08
W09
S
T
SW06
SW05
r
4147
S
T
r
4164
W07
W06
SW04
SW03 SW01
SW02
W05
SW12
W04
W03
W03
W02
W01
Legend
US1 Alternative
Right of Way
Surface Water
Wetland
1 inch = 75 feet
15
Appendix A
Page 15 of 16
SW11
4135
r
4133
SW07 SW12
SW08 SW11
r
4135
r
A1A
SW10
442
S
T
SW09
W10 W08
W09
S
T
SW06
SW05
r
4147
S
T
r
4164
W07
W06
SW04
SW03 SW01
SW02
W05
SW08
SW07
W04
Legend
US1 Alternative
Right of Way
Surface Water
Wetland
1 inch = 75 feet
16
Appendix A
Page 16 of 16
W03
W03
W02
W01
APPENDIX B
Standard Protection Measures for the
Eastern Indigo Snake
STANDARD PROTECTION MEASURES FOR THE EASTERN INDIGO SNAKE

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
August 12, 2013
The eastern indigo snake protection/education plan (Plan) below has been developed by the U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) in Florida for use by applicants and their construction
personnel. At least 30 days prior to any clearing/land alteration activities, the applicant shall
notify the appropriate USFWS Field Office via e-mail that the Plan will be implemented as
described below (North Florida Field Office: jaxregs@fws.gov; South Florida Field Office:
verobeach@fws.gov; Panama City Field Office: panamacity@fws.gov). As long as the signatory
of the e-mail certifies compliance with the below Plan (including use of the attached poster and
brochure), no further written confirmation or approval from the USFWS is needed and the
applicant may move forward with the project.
If the applicant decides to use an eastern indigo snake protection/education plan other than the
approved Plan below, written confirmation or approval from the USFWS that the plan is
adequate must be obtained. At least 30 days prior to any clearing/land alteration activities, the
applicant shall submit their unique plan for review and approval. The USFWS will respond via email, typically within 30 days of receiving the plan, either concurring that the plan is adequate or
requesting additional information. A concurrence e-mail from the appropriate USFWS Field
Office will fulfill approval requirements.
The Plan materials should consist of: 1) a combination of posters and pamphlets (see Poster
Information section below); and 2) verbal educational instructions to construction personnel by
supervisory or management personnel before any clearing/land alteration activities are initiated
(see Pre-Construction Activities and During Construction Activities sections below).
POSTER INFORMATION
Posters with the following information shall be placed at strategic locations on the construction
site and along any proposed access roads (a final poster for Plan compliance, to be printed on 11
x 17 or larger paper and laminated, is attached):
DESCRIPTION: The eastern indigo snake is one of the largest non-venomous snakes in North
America, with individuals often reaching up to 8 feet in length. They derive their name from the
glossy, blue-black color of their scales above and uniformly slate blue below. Frequently, they
have orange to coral reddish coloration in the throat area, yet some specimens have been reported
to only have cream coloration on the throat. These snakes are not typically aggressive and will
attempt to crawl away when disturbed. Though indigo snakes rarely bite, they should NOT be
handled.
SIMILAR SNAKES: The black racer is the only other solid black snake resembling the eastern
indigo snake. However, black racers have a white or cream chin, thinner bodies, and WILL BITE
if handled.
LIFE HISTORY: The eastern indigo snake occurs in a wide variety of terrestrial habitat types
throughout Florida. Although they have a preference for uplands, they also utilize some wetlands
1
and agricultural areas. Eastern indigo snakes will often seek shelter inside gopher tortoise
burrows and other below- and above-ground refugia, such as other animal burrows, stumps,
roots, and debris piles. Females may lay from 4 - 12 white eggs as early as April through June,
with young hatching in late July through October.
PROTECTION UNDER FEDERAL AND STATE LAW: The eastern indigo snake is
classified as a Threatened species by both the USFWS and the Florida Fish and Wildlife
Conservation Commission. Taking of eastern indigo snakes is prohibited by the Endangered
Species Act without a permit. Take is defined by the USFWS as an attempt to kill, harm,
harass, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, trap, capture, collect, or engage in any such conduct.
Penalties include a maximum fine of $25,000 for civil violations and up to $50,000 and/or
imprisonment for criminal offenses, if convicted.
Only individuals currently authorized through an issued Incidental Take Statement in association
with a USFWS Biological Opinion, or by a Section 10(a)(1)(A) permit issued by the USFWS, to
handle an eastern indigo snake are allowed to do so.
IF YOU SEE A LIVE EASTERN INDIGO SNAKE ON THE SITE:
Cease clearing activities and allow the live eastern indigo snake sufficient time to move
away from the site without interference;
Personnel must NOT attempt to touch or handle snake due to protected status.
Take photographs of the snake, if possible, for identification and documentation purposes.
Immediately notify supervisor or the applicants designated agent, and the appropriate
USFWS office, with the location information and condition of the snake.
If the snake is located in a vicinity where continuation of the clearing or construction
activities will cause harm to the snake, the activities must halt until such time that a
representative of the USFWS returns the call (within one day) with further guidance as to
when activities may resume.
IF YOU SEE A DEAD EASTERN INDIGO SNAKE ON THE SITE:
Cease clearing activities and immediately notify supervisor or the applicants designated
agent, and the appropriate USFWS office, with the location information and condition of
the snake.
Thoroughly soak the dead snake in water and then freeze the specimen. The appropriate
wildlife agency will retrieve the dead snake.
Telephone numbers of USFWS Florida Field Offices to be contacted if a live or dead

eastern indigo snake is encountered:
North Florida Field Office (904) 731-3336
Panama City Field Office (850) 769-0552
South Florida Field Office (772) 562-3909
PRE-CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES
1. The applicant or designated agent will post educational posters in the construction office and
throughout the construction site, including any access roads. The posters must be clearly visible
to all construction staff. A sample poster is attached.
2. Prior to the onset of construction activities, the applicant/designated agent will conduct a
meeting with all construction staff (annually for multi-year projects) to discuss identification of
the snake, its protected status, what to do if a snake is observed within the project area, and
applicable penalties that may be imposed if state and/or federal regulations are violated. An
educational brochure including color photographs of the snake will be given to each staff
member in attendance and additional copies will be provided to the construction superintendent
to make available in the onsite construction office (a final brochure for Plan compliance, to be
printed double-sided on 8.5 x 11 paper and then properly folded, is attached). Photos of
eastern indigo snakes may be accessed on USFWS and/or FWC websites.
3. Construction staff will be informed that in the event that an eastern indigo snake (live or dead)
is observed on the project site during construction activities, all such activities are to cease until
the established procedures are implemented according to the Plan, which includes notification of
the appropriate USFWS Field Office. The contact information for the USFWS is provided on the
referenced posters and brochures.
DURING CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES
1. During initial site clearing activities, an onsite observer may be utilized to determine whether
habitat conditions suggest a reasonable probability of an eastern indigo snake sighting (example:
discovery of snake sheds, tracks, lots of refugia and cavities present in the area of clearing
activities, and presence of gopher tortoises and burrows).
2. If an eastern indigo snake is discovered during gopher tortoise relocation activities (i.e. burrow
excavation), the USFWS shall be contacted within one business day to obtain further guidance
which may result in further project consultation.
3. Periodically during construction activities, the applicants designated agent should visit the
project area to observe the condition of the posters and Plan materials, and replace them as
needed. Construction personnel should be reminded of the instructions (above) as to what is
expected if any eastern indigo snakes are seen.
POST CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES
Whether or not eastern indigo snakes are observed during construction activities, a monitoring
report should be submitted to the appropriate USFWS Field Office within 60 days of project
completion. The report can be sent electronically to the appropriate USFWS e-mail address listed
on page one of this Plan.
ATTENTION:
Photo: Dirk Stevenson
THREATENED EASTERN INDIGO

SNAKES MAY BE PRESENT ON
THIS SITE!!!
IF YOU SEE A LIVE EASTERN INDIGO SNAKE ON THE SITE:
Cease clearing activities and allow the eastern indigo snake sufficient time to move away from the site
without interference.
Personnel must NOT attempt to touch or handle snake due to protected status.
Immediately notify supervisor or the applicants designated agent, and the appropriate U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service (USFWS) office, with the location information and condition of the snake.
If the snake is located in a vicinity where continuation of the clearing or construction activities will cause
harm to the snake, the activities must halt until such time that a representative of the USFWS returns the
call (within one day) with further guidance as to when activities may resume.
IF YOU SEE A DEAD EASTERN INDIGO SNAKE ON THE SITE:
Cease clearing activities and immediately notify supervisor or the applicants designated agent, and the
appropriate USFWS office, with the location information and condition of the snake.
Thoroughly soak the dead snake in water and then freeze the specimen. The appropriate wildlife agency will
retrieve the dead snake.
USFWS Florida Field Offices to be contacted if a live or dead eastern indigo snake is encountered:
North Florida Field Office (904) 731-3336
Panama City Field Office (850) 769-0552
South Florida Field Office (772) 562-3909
Killing, harming, or harassing indigo snakes is strictly prohibited and punishable under State and Federal Law.
DESCRIPTION:
The eastern indigo snake is one of the largest non-venomous snakes in North America, with individuals
often reaching up to 8 feet in length. They derive their name from the glossy, blue-black color of their
scales above and uniformly slate blue below. Frequently, they have orange to coral reddish coloration
in the throat area, yet some specimens have been reported to only have cream coloration on the
throat. These snakes are not typically aggressive and will attempt to crawl away when disturbed.
Though indigo snakes rarely bite, they should NOT be handled.
SIMILAR SNAKES:
The black racer is the only other solid black snake resembling the eastern indigo snake. However, black
racers have a white or cream chin, thinner bodies, and WILL BITE if handled.
LIFE HISTORY:
The eastern indigo snake occurs in a wide variety of terrestrial habitat types throughout Florida.
Although they have a preference for uplands, they also utilize some wetlands and agricultural areas.
Eastern indigo snakes will often seek shelter inside gopher tortoise burrows and other below- and aboveground refugia, such as other animal burrows, stumps, roots, and debris piles. Females may lay from 4 - 12
white eggs as early as April through June, with young hatching in late July through October.
PROTECTION:
The eastern indigo snake is classified as a Threatened species by both the USFWS and the Florida Fish and
Wildlife Conservation Commission. Taking of eastern indigo snakes is prohibited by the
Endangered Species Act without a permit. Take is defined by the USFWS as an attempt to kill, harm,
harass, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, trap, capture, collect, or engage in any such conduct. Penalties include
a maximum fine of $25,000 for civil violations and up to $50,000 and/or imprisonment for criminal
offenses, if convicted.
Only individuals currently authorized through an issued Incidental Take Statement in association with a
USFWS Biological Opinion, or by a Section 10(a)(1)(A) permit issued by the USFWS, to handle an
eastern indigo snake are allowed to do so.
August 12, 2013

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Florida Department of

Wetlands and Wildlife and

Wetlands and Wildlife and

Prepared for Florida Department of Transportation

existing roadway and were previously disturbed by roadway construction, maintenance

Standard operating measures such as providing

compensatory mitigation to foraging habitat and resurveying of suitable habitat areas

TABLE OF CONTENTS cont.

1 inch = 1.5 miles

Titusville to Edgewater Bike Loop PD&E Study

Section 2 - EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

A variety of resources including St. Johns River Water Management District

Existing Land Use

1 inch = 4,000 feet

Titusville to Edgewater Bike Loop PD&E Study

1 inch = 4,000 feet

Titusville to Edgewater Bike Loop PD&E Study

Volusia County Conservation Lands

Titusville to Edgewater Bike Loop PD&E Study

1 inch = 4,000 feet

HAWKS PARK RECREATION COMPLEX

Titusville to Edgewater Bike Loop PD&E Study

1 inch = 4,000 feet

Upland Vegetation Communities

Wetlands & Surface Water Features

Wetland habitat types include Wetland Hardwood Forests

Freshwater Forested/Shrub Wetland

1 inch = 4,000 feet

Titusville to Edgewater Bike Loop PD&E Study

Estuarine and Marine Wetland

1 inch = 4,000 feet

Titusville to Edgewater Bike Loop PD&E Study

Streams and Waterways (FLUCFCS 510)

Vegetation cover also varies, but

northern end of the project.

Water regimes generally consist of intermittent flooding.

Section 3 - WETLAND IMPACTS

Wetland Impact Mitigation

Section 4 - PROTECTED SPECIES & HABITAT

Florida Geographic Data Library

Wood storks rookeries database

E = Endangered, T = Threatened, SSC = Species of Special Concern,

FWC Manatee Mortality Report

FWC Florida Scrub-jay

FWC Black Bear Nuisance Report

The entire project corridor lies within the following

Audubon's crested caracara (Polyborus plancus audubonii)

Titusville to Edgewater Bike Loop PD&E Study

FWC Manatee Mortality Report

FWC Eagle Nest Location

FWC Florida Scrub-jay

FWC Black Bear Nuisance Report

The entire project corridor lies within the following

Titusville to Edgewater Bike Loop PD&E Study

4.2.2 Results of Field Surveys

Federally Protected Species

4.3.2 Eastern Indigo Snake

Since Standard Protection Measures are likely to be

State Protected Species

Commensal species that may utilize the burrows, such as the

Impacts to surface water features will likely be

Protected, Non-Listed Species