ZacharyThompson

FinalPortfolio
PRT4828079PRTCoOpEducation

LargeInternship

Powderbird

Introduction

InorderforallPRTstudentstograduate,theymustcompletea480hourinternship
fromanagencywithintheirfield.Ichosetocompletemineatoneofthemostfamous
heliskiingoperationsinthecountry,Powderbird.Powderbirdhasbeeninoperation
since1973,over40years,andareoneofthemostwellrespectedoperationstoday.I
couldnothavegottenthischanceifithadnotbeenforJaredGrant,oneofthehardest
workingindividualsIhaveevermet,aswellattheGeneralManagerandaUofUtah
grad.

Iwasveryluckyduringmyinternship,myfocuswasnotanarrowone,but
encompassedeverythingfromcustomercaretowebsitedesign.Igottomeetpeople
fromtheexecutiveofficesofTheNorthFace,individualswhoowneddiamondmineson
SouthAfricaandguideswhohaveclimbedandskiedallovertheworld.Perhapsoneof
themostincredibleexperiencesduringmytimetherewasheliskiing,thisalonemade
allthelonghoursworthit.

ContainedwithinthisdocumentyouwillfindseveralPDFsIworkedonforPowderbird,
aswellasseveraldocumentsfromschool.AsthisisaseniorportfolioIhaveincluded
severaldocumentsfromearlyPRTclassesaswell.

TableOfContents

Resume

Activities,Membership,Involvement

PRTInvolvement

Artifact1RiskManagementPlan

Artifact2CaseStudy

Artifact3RiskandLiabilityNotes

Artifact4WeeblyAccount

Artifact5BusinessPlanWhiskeyHive

InternshipArchive

Artifact1SponsorshipProposal

Artifact2CallSheet

Artifact3OperationsPlan

Artifact4AcknowledgmentofRisk

Conclusion

4
5
6
6
14
18
30
30

31
34
35
37
40

ZacharyThompson
2639SkylineDrive
SaltLakeCity,Utah84108
307.360.9100Zach.whitepineski@gmail.com

ProfessionalObjective

Todemonstratehowpastandpresentdedication,hardworkandacommitmenttoexcellencemakemeanattractive
candidateforthisposition.

EducationalBackground

2008Present

TheUniversityofUtah,SaltLakeCity,Utah
ExpectedGraduationdateMay2015
BAinRecreationManagement/PublicLandsManagement

WorkExperience

AltaSkiLifts,Alta,Utah

2008Present

SkiPatrol,SnowSafety,AssistantGunnerforavalanchecontrol2013Present

ResponsibleforearlymorningavalanchecontrolworkwithM1A1105mmHowitzer.

GroomingSnowCatOperator20112014

Responsibleforthepreparationofskitrailsincoordinationwithskipatrolandsnowsafety departments

BigMountainFreerideCoach20122013

Responsiblefordevelopingbigmountainskiingskillsin8athletes,ages1315

ElectronicTicketing20082011

ResponsibleforcheckingRFIDliftticketsandassistingcustomersthroughtheelectronic gates

AxisFreeride,ParkCity,Utah
20092012

FreestyleSkiCoach
USSALevelIandIIaerialsandmogulscoach.Headcoachfortheafterschoolskidevelopmentprogram
GoOutAndPlaywith3assistantcoachesreportingtome.Inchargeofaerialhillconstructionanddaily
maintenance.SummertrainingcoachUtahOlympicPark.

WhitePineSkiArea&Resort,Pinedale,Wyoming
20032010

DirectorofMountainBiking20082010
InchargeofmountainbiketraildevelopmentonNationalForestLand.DirectoroftwoUtahSeriesmountainbike
raceevents.Reporteddirectlytomanagement.

SkiPatrol20062008

Workedcloselywithmountainoperationstogettheskiareaopensafelyandpreventandrespondto
customeraccidents.Specificallyinvolvedinaccidentpreventionandmitigationforbothsummerandwinter
operations.

LogcraftersHandcraftedLogHomes,Pinedale,Wyoming
Handcraftedloghomeconstructionofvariouslogprojectsincludinga4500sqftcustomsaddlenotchhomeusinga
varietyofhand&powertoolsandheavymachinery.
20122013

Activities,Certifications,ProfessionalInvolvement

NationalSkiPatrolProfessionalMember
20142015

NationalAAUNACGunnerSchool
2013and2014

CPR/FirstAide
Current

USSALevelI&IIAerialsSkiCoach
20102012

USSALevelI&IIMogulsCoach
20102012

RockClimbIng
US
Wyoming
Utah
Oregon
Washington
Idaho
California

International
BritishColumbia,Canada
Thailand

CommunityInvolvement

ACE(AltaCommunityEnrichment)
CommunityService
FriendsofAlta
CommunityService

PRTInvolvement

RiskManagementFall2012
Createacompleteriskmanagementplanforacompanythatyouarepartofor
starting.

RiskManagementPlan

TerrainParkDesigns

ZachThompson

UniversityofUtah

TerrainParkDesignsPhilosophy
MissionStatement
To design and build terrain parks, within skiareas, engineered todecrease theriskof
serious injury or death to skiers and boarders. Using a combination of the latest
computer design technology and engineeringpractices, TerrainParkDesigns willbuild
terrainparksspecificallydesignedtokeepriderssafe.

CompanyPhilosophy
TerrainParkDesignsisacompanyconcernedwiththerisingnumberofseriousinjuriesand
deathsintheskiindustryduetoimproperlydesignedterrainparks.TPDwisheschangethistrend
withthedesignandimplementationofterrainparks,builttospecificationsengineeredtoreduce
therisksoutsidetherealmofridererror.

GoalsandObjectives
It is the primary goal of Terrain Park Designs to build fun safe terrain parks for all levels of
riderstoenjoy.


Objective 1:

Design, using state of the art computer technology and engineering

practices, terrainparks forspecific locations,emphasizing safety anddecreased riskof
injury.

Objective 2: Using a highly trained team of staff including, but not limited to engineers,

surveyors, cat drivers, shovelers and other machineryoperators,TPDwillbuildtospecifications

thedesignedterrainpark.

Objective 3

: Upon completion of construction Terrain Park Designswillworkdirectlywith

mountainoperationstoinstallallsafetyfeaturesincludingfencing,netting,flagsandsigns.

PersonalRoleatTerrainParkDesigns
As the company founder and CEO, I will be faced with many tasks. Like most companies
Terrain Park Designs will start small and grow. Since the first few projects will most likely be
completed with a small staff, I will need to be there to direct our project. As project director I
will be faced with many task ranging from time management to building features with a snow
cat. WorkingcloselywiththedesignteamIwillmakesurethatourterrainparksare builtexactly
to specifications to insure that both Terrain Park Designs and its customers areprotected. There
will also be more corporate duties that I must attend to as CEO. Since Terrain Park Designs
accepts the liability for its product it is going to need insurance. TPD will most likely need
accident insurance for its employees and staff, product liabilityinsurancetoprotecttheprojects,
as well as professional liability for the company. As Terrain Park Designs grows there will be
more than one project going on at once. This growth will place me in more of an overseer of
projects role rather than specific project director. I will work with the ski resorts and project
managerstodesignandselltheproperparksforspecificlocationsonourcustomersmountains.

RiskIdentification
Because Terrain Park Designs is designing and building these terrain parks it assumes most of
the liability and thus mustlookcloselyintofactorsand situationsthatopenTerrainParkDesigns
andtheircustomerstonegligenceclaims.

RiskManagementGoals
Skiing is an inherently dangerous sport, and as such there can be a certain level of risk each
invitee assumes. Since terrain parks have now been defined as part of that assumed risk,theski
resorts are relatively protected fromnegligenceclaims.Recently,however,therehasbeenashift
that is holding resorts more responsible for negligence concerning terrain parks. TPD wishes to
protects itself and its customers (the ski resorts)fromnegligencebyimplementingthefollowing
steps:

Designandengineerallaspectsoftheterrainparkforsafety

Createasafeflowoftrafficthroughtheparkwithstopandstartzonesinsafeareas

Createstartingzonesthatlimittopspeedstoavoidovershooting

DesignandbuildfeaturestospecificstandardslaidoutbytheUSTPC

Properlysignandmarkalltakeoffsandlandings

Implementtheuseofsafetynet,fencing,signsandwarningsinallhighriskareas

Postclearlyvisiblewarningsignsatallterrainparkentrances

Clearlymarkdifferentlevels(beginner,intermediateandadvanced)offeatures

Riskofinjuryduetoimproperlybuiltfeaturesanddesignedparks.
Skiing is an inherently dangerous sport. There are many variables that cannot be controlled,
someofthesemayinclude:

Weatherconditions

Visibility

Theskilllevelofinvitees

Andthelocationofthemountain
Therearealsovariablesthancanbecontrolledtopreventriskofphysicalinjury:

Theshapeandgeometryoffeatures

Thestartingandlandingzones

Recognizingsafeareastostop

Signage

Trafficflow

Spectators

Properfencing

Unintentionalaccessbypeoplewhodonotwishtobeinthepark

Peopleintheparkwhoshouldnotbethere

Safeexitrouts

Maintenanceofthepark

Supportvehiclesinthepark

Skipatrolaccess
These are all variables that can be controlled to help prevent risk of injury by designing terrain
parks around safety.Thetopfourvariablesonthislistareperhapsthemostimportantandlargest
contributors to physical injury. These fourfactorsaretantamounttothesafetyoftheterrainpark
riders.Controllingtheseisthefirststepinavoidinglawsuitsstemmingfrominjury.

RiskEvaluationandTreatment
Riskofinjuryinterrainparksisbothfrequentandinmanycasessevere.Becauseoftheinherent
riskinvolvedwithfreestyleskiingandtheuncontrollablefactorofinviteeskilllevel,therewill
alwaysbeacertainleveloffrequencyinterrainparks.Anuncontrolledinjuryfrequencyrate,

whenmixedwithimproperlybuiltterrainparkfeatures,willcausemanyseverephysicalinjuries.
Thesesevereinjuriesaregenerallyheadtraumaorspinalinjuriesthatoftenresultinlawsuits
costingbothpartiesthousandsifnotmillionsofdollars.Topreventthishighfrequency,high
severitytrend,TPDwillworkdesignitsparksspecificallytolowerinjuryseverityaswellas
worktolessentheinjuryfrequencyrate.Thefollowingaddressfourofthemostimperativesteps
toreachthisgoal.

1.

GeometryandShapeoftheFeatures

Jumps can be designed for specific air and maneuvers. Aerial jumps are designed for
height and to create backward momentum with very steep takeoffs. Nordic jumps are designed
for distance with negative incline takeoffs. Knowing what kind of jumping a resort will havein
itsterrainparkiskey.Dr.MontHubbard,ProfessorofMechanicalandAerospaceEngineeringat
UC Davis has come up with a mathematical formula that calculates the Effective Fall Height
(EFH), which is the force that a jumper hits thelandingonagivenjump.UsingthisformulaDr.
Hubbard has proposed jumps be built in the step over or turtleback style to reduce landing
impact.
Figure1)Dr.Hubbardslandinganglerelativetojumperpathdiagram.

Figure2)USTPCproposeddesignforaturtlebackjump.

UsingtheguidelinessetoutbyDr.HubbardandtheUnitedStatesTerrainParkCouncil
(USTPC),TPDwilldesignallitsfeaturesaroundtheseconcepts.

2.

StartingandLandingZones

Thetwomostcommonmechanismsofinjuryinterrainparksareunintentional
inversionandoverjumpingthelanding.Thebestwaytoreduceinversionisthrough
thesolutionabove.Thewaytoreducetheriskofoverjumpingistobuildstarting
zoneswhereridersareforcedtostopbeforetheydropintocreateamaximumspeed
thatwillnotallowoverjumping

3.

CreatingSafePlacestoStop

Anotherfactorthatleadstoinjuriesinterrainparksarecollisionsresultingfromriders
stoppinginunsafeareas.Thesecollisionscanbecausedbybothterrainparkriders,
andotherskiareacustomerswhoareskiingthroughthepark.TomitigatethisriskTPD
willdesignintotheparkssafezonesofftothesideoftrafficflowforbothspectatorsand
riderstostopandwatch.Theseareaswillbemarkedwithsignsandfencedoffto
protecttheviewerswithbothentrancesandexitsobvious.Theflowsoftrafficinandout
ofthesezoneswillbeofftothesideandhavevisiblemergingareas.


4.

ProperSignage

Propersignagecanbethesinglemostpowerfultooltoprotectskiresortsandthe
public.Informedriderswhounderstandtheriskstheyaretakingandthedifficultylevel
ofthejumpstheyarehittingaremuchlesslikelytogethurtandmuchlesslikelytosue
aresortfornegligence.Propersignageguidesthepublicthroughtheparkandalso
givesskiresortsadefenseagainstunreasonablenegligencesuits.TerrainPark
Designswillworkdirectlywiththeskipatrolandmountainoperationstoimplement
signsintheproperplacesthatarevisibleandunderstandabletothepublic.

CasePrecedentsforInjuryDuetoNegligence
SalviniV.SkiLifts(SnoqualmieSkiArea)
Perhapsthemostwellknownandprecedentsettinglegalcaseinvolvingterrainpark
negligenceis
Salvini
.Thiscaseaddressesthreeofthefourvariablesaboveandhow
Snoqualmiefailedtoimplementanyofthethree.

OnFebruary11,2004KennethSalviniwasnightskiingatSnoqualmieSkiArea.He
enteredtheterrainpark,skiingpastasignwithapostedwarningaboutoverjumping
terrainfeatures.Salvinithenmaneuveredintoajumplinewithaseriesoftabletop
jumps.UponnearingthetakeoffofthesecondjumpSalvinilostcontrolandovershotthe
tabletop,landingonhisbackatthebottomofthejumpintheflat.KennethSalviniis
nowquadriplegic.Expertstestifiedthatthelandingofthetabletopinquestionwastoo
shortandbuiltincorrectly.SalvinibroughtasuitofnegligenceagainstSKILIFTSINC.
ThejuryfoundthatSalvinicontributedtohisownnegligence45%andtheresort55%
andawardedtheplaintiff$14milliondollars.

ThiscasehadseveralfactorsthatcontributedtoSalvinisinjury.Thejumpinquestion,
expertstestified,wasimproperlybuilt,withthelandingbeingtoolong,thetakeoffto
steepandthestartingzonenotclearlymarked.Hadstepsbeentakentofixthese
variables,itwouldbeverylikelythatKennethSalviniwouldnothavebecomea
quadriplegic.

HarshmanV.JacksonHoleMountainResort
Harshman
wasacasethattheskiindustryneededtowin,andIagreewiththe
outcome.Thereneededtobeastandardofprotectionfortheresortsiftheytookthe
correctprecautionstokeeptheirterrainparkssafe,whichJacksonHoledid.In2000the
terrainparkworldwasamuchdifferentplace.Todaytherearenownewideasthatcan
lowerthefrequencyandseverityofaccidentslike
Harshman
.


OnFebruary28,2000,sixteenyearoldAdamHarshmanwasfatallyinjuredwhenhe
overjumpedatabletopjumpintheJacksonHoleterrainpark.Theterrainpark
containedmanmadefeaturesandjumps,includingthetabletopstylejumpHarshman
wasinjuredon.Thejumphadbeenalteredthenightbeforebytheterrainparkcrew
andtestedthesamemorningwithoutanyissuebeforebeingopenedtothepublic.
SeveralpeoplehitthejumpbeforeHarshmansaccident.Hisfamilyfiledclaimsof
negligenceandwrongfuldeathagainstbothJacksonHoleMountainResort(referredto
asJHMR)andtheUnitedStates,theownersoftheproperty.Theclaimsagainstthe
UnitedStatesweredismissedonthegroundsoflackofjurisdiction.Thecourtruled
summaryjudgmentinfavorofJHMRanddismissedthecase.

Thiscasewasnotsettledinthefavoroftheplaintiff.JacksonHoleMountainResort
tooktheproperstepstoprotectthemselvesfromnegligencebytestingthejumpbefore
hand.ItwasalsoarguedthatHarshmanwas100%responsibleforhisinjuries.Yesthe
jumpwassafe,andyesJacksonHoletookthecorrectprecautions,however,hadthey
implementedthestepsthatTerrainParkDesignssuggeststheoutcomewouldhave
beenmuchdifferent.Thestartingzoneintheparkwasnotmarked,norwasitobvious
wherethestartwas.ThisleadtoHarshmansexcessivespeed.Therewasalsono
postedsigninformingthepublicthatthejumphadbeenchangedthenightbefore.The
changewasamoreinclinedtakeoff.Thiscombinedwiththeunknownspeedfactor
bothincreasedthelikelihoodofandaccident(frequency)aswellastheseverity.

DunbarV.JacksonHoleMountainResort
Dunbar
isacasedealingwiththepropersignageandfencingwithinaterrainpark.The
Plaintiff,CamieDunbar,wasskiingatJHMRwhenshedecidedtogototheterrainpark
withanotherfriend.Uponenteringtheterrainparksheandhercompaniondecidedthey
didnotwanttoriskhittinganyofthefeaturesandaskaparkcrewmemberhowtoexit.
Theyweretoldtheycouldtaketheirskisoffandhikebackoutoftheparkorskidowna
cattrackoutofthepark.Dunbarandcompanyskieddownsaidroutandendedup
fallingapproximately12feetintoahalfpipe.Dunbarreceivedmajorinjuriestoher
pelvis,hercompanionwasuninjured.TheplaintiffarguedthatJHMRwasnegligent
becausetheyfailedtowarnheraboutthelocationofthehalfpipe.Thelowercourt
dismissedthecase,however,theappellatecourtreversedjudgmentinfavorofthe
plaintiff,statingthatJacksonHolehadadutytowarnandprotectpeoplefromfalling
intoahalfpipethatwasdeemednotaninherentriskofskiing.

Dunbar
isagreatexampleofhowfencingandpropersignagecanpreventinjuriesand
subsequentlylawsuitcosts.HadJHMRplacedsignswarningDunbarthatshewas

approachingthehalfpipe,aswellasfencedofftheareaaroundtheedge,Dunbar
wouldnothavereceivedherinjuriesandJHMRwouldnothavehadtopaythelegal
costsinvolved.

Safetyinterrainparksissomethingthatbenefitseveryone.ThatiswhyTPDis
committedtodesigningsafe,functionalandfunterrainparksforpeopleofallagesand
abilitiestoenjoy

Bibliography

KennethSalviniv.SkiLiftsINCd/b/aSummitatSnoqualmie,

No.602110I.

EstateofHarshmanv.JacksonHoleMountainResort
,No.028046.

Dunbarv.JacksonHoleMountainResort,392F.3d1145CourtofAppeals,10th
Circuit2004

Hubbard,Mont."CreatingStandardsforWinterTerrainParks."ColoradoSchoolof
Mines.N.p.,n.d.Web.19Jun2012.

USTPC."USTerrainParkCouncil(USTPC).USTPC,n.d.Web.19June2012.
<http://usterrainparkcouncil.org/index.html>.

RiskandLiabilitySummer2012
CaseReviewandComparison
Wewereaskedtodoacasestudyontwolegalincidentswheretheplaintiffs
suedfornegligence.

Salviniv.SkiLiftsINC
EstateofHarshmanv.JacksonHoleMountainResort
CaseComparison
PRT3520

ZachThompson
652012

Introduction
Overthelast20yearstheskiindustryhasseenarisingtrendinterrainparksbeingbuilt
byskiresorts.Theseterrainparkshavegenerallybeenunengineered,notbuiltbyany
codeorindustrystandardsandoftenbuiltbyresortemployeeswhohaveno
professionalexperienceoreducation.Moststateswithskiindustrieshaveimplemented
lawsthatprotectresortsfromnegligencetheselawsgenerallystatethatthereisan
inherentriskinskiingandgreatlyprotectskiareasfromnegligencesuits.In2004the
UnitedStatesCourtofAppealsupheldadecisionofinherentriskinfavorofthe
defendantwhenateenagerwaskilledinaterrainparkjumpingaccidentatJackson
HoleSkiArea.Threeyearslater,in2007,theWashingtonStateCourtofAppeals
upheldalowercourtdecisioninfavoroftheplaintiffKennethSalviniwhowasparalyzed
fromtheneckdowninasimilarterrainparkjumpingaccident.

EstateofAdamHarshmanV.JacksonHoleMountainResort

Facts:
OnFebruary28,2000,sixteenyearoldAdamHarshmanwasfatallyinjuredwhenhe
overjumpedatabletopjumpintheJacksonHoleterrainpark.Theterrainpark
containedmanmadefeaturesandjumps,includingthetabletopstylejumpHarshman
wasinjuredon.Thejumphadbeenalteredthenightbeforebytheterrainparkcrew
andtestedthesamemorningwithoutanyissuebeforebeingopenedtothepublic.

SeveralpeoplehitthejumpbeforeHarshmansaccident.Hisfamilyfiledclaimsof
negligenceandwrongfuldeathagainstbothJacksonHoleMountainResort(referredto
asJHMR)andtheUnitedStates,theownersoftheproperty.Theclaimsagainstthe
UnitedStatesweredismissedonthegroundsoflackofjurisdiction.Thecourtruled
summaryjudgmentinfavorofJHMRanddismissedthecase.

KennethSalviniV.SkiLifts,INCd/b/aTheSummitatSnoqualmie

Facts:
OnFebruary11,2004KennethSalviniwasnightskiingatSnoqualmieSkiArea.He
enteredtheterrainpark,skiingpastasignwithapostedwarningaboutoverjumping
terrainfeatures.Salvinithenmaneuveredintoajumplinewithaseriesoftabletop
jumps.UponnearingthetakeoffofthesecondjumpSalvinilostcontrolandovershotthe
tabletop,landingonhisbackatthebottomofthejumpintheflat.KennethSalviniis
nowquadriplegic.Expertstestifiedthatthelandingofthetabletopinquestionwastoo
shortandbuiltincorrectly.SalvinibroughtasuitofnegligenceagainstSkiLiftsINC.The
juryfoundthatSalvinicontributedtohisownnegligence45%andtheresort55%and
awardedtheplaintiff$14milliondollars.

Comparison
HarshmanandSalviniaretwocaseswithmanyidenticalcomponents.Bothdealwith
terrainparkinjuries,wherethemechanismofinjuryandtheinjuryarerelativelythe
same.Bothcasesexplorethemeaningofassumptionofriskandinherentrisk.Both
terrainparksweredesignedbyemployeeswhowereneitherengineersnorprofessional
terrainparkbuilders.Harshman,rodepastpostedsignsatthetopoftheterrainpark,as
didSalvini.Thesimilaritiesofthesecasesaremany,andtherearemanymorelegal
casesjustlikethemhowever,itisthedifferencesbetweenHarshmanandSalvinithat
definetheoutcomes.

Differences
Thegreatestdefiningdifferenceinthesetwocasesistheassumptionofrisk.In
HarshmanJHMRwasprotectedbytheWyomingWinterSafetyActthatprotects
recreationalprovidersagainstliabilitythatisinherentofoutdoorsports.InSalvinithe
jurywasgiventheseinstructions

A skierjumpingin a terrain parkassumesthedangersthat areinherent inthesportof

terrain park jumping. The
ski area hasnoduty to protect a skierfromdangersthat are
aninherentand normal part
of jumping ina terrainpark. The skiareahasadutynotto

unduly enhance the risk of jumping in a terrain park beyond the risks inherent in the
sport.
SalviniCPat2674.

InSalvinithejumpinquestionwasfoundtobeimproperlydesignedthelandingwas
tooshort.ThusSnoqualmieenhance(d)theriskofjumpingbeyonditsinherent
risk,andwasfoundtobenegligent.ThejumpinquestioninHarshmanwaschanged
thenightbeforehowever,itwastestedinthemorningbytheparkcrewanddeemed
appropriateforthepublic.Severalotherpeoplehadhitthejumpaswellbefore
Harshmanreceivedhisfatalinjuries.InSalvinitheprosecutionwasallowedtopresent
evidencetothejuryof15otherrelevantcasesofovershootingthesamejumpSalvini
receivedhisinjurieson.InallofthesecasesinviteesofSnoqualmiewereinjuredonthe
samejumppriortoSalvini.InfactjustweeksbeforeSalvinireceivedhisinjuries,
anotherriderbrokehisbackonthesamejump.Thesecases,submittedtothecourt,
paintedadimviewofhowthedefendantsmaintainedtheirterrainparkfeatures,and
shouldhaveputSkiLiftsonnoticeofapotentialdefecttowarrantfurtherinquiryinto
thedesignofthejump,orthereasonablenessofthesignageinlightofthemultiple
injuriescausedasaresultofovershootingthelandingofthejumpinquestion."
Salvini
CPat2635
.Ibelievethiswasagreatcontributortothedecisionintheplaintiffsfavor.

Inbothcasestheplaintiffspassedsignsattheterrainparkentrancehowever,in
Salviniexperttestimonyaswellastestimoniesofemployeesandotherusersofthe
parkthatnightshowedthatthewarningsignswerenoteasilyreadableorvisible.In
Harshmanthewarningsignswereclearandvisibleanddidnotbecomeanissuein
court.Clearlythedifferencesbetweenthesetwocasesarewhatdecidedoneinfavorof
theplaintiffandtheotherinfavorofthedefendant.Ibelievethatthepresidentssetby
bothofthesecasesareagoodbasisforwhatistocomeinterrainparkliabilityandrisk
mitigation.

Conclusion
Skiareasdonotliketheideaofindustrystandardsandliability,andunderstandablyso
suchstandardswouldcostmillions.HarshmanandSalvini,triedintwodifferentstates,
showtheusefulnessandthelimitationsofassumptionofriskbutbeyondinherent
risktheremustbeaccountability.Salvinisetsapresidentforaccountabilityinterrain
parkmanagementbutdoesnotsetstandardsforjumpsorfeatures.InSalvinithe
plaintiffwonbecausethedefendantdidnotwarntheplaintiffproperlyandtheskiarea
didnotdiscoverandchangeadangerousconditionevenaftermanyprioraccidents.
Riskcannotbedesignedoutofterrainparks,thatwouldbenearlyimpossible,thereare
tomanyvariablesandchangingcircumstances.Industrystandardsofterrainparksare
nottheanswer.Standardswouldstagnatearecreationalsportsteepedinatraditionof

innovationandprogression.Theanswerliesoutsideofstricterregulation.Thewayto
reduceinjury,reducelawsuitsandmaintainprogressionisthroughanelevatedlevelof
care.HarshmanprotectstheskiindustryfromlawsuitsinterrainparksSalviniholdsthe
skiindustryaccountableforhowtheymaintainthoseterrainparks.

Bibliography

KennethSalviniv.SkiLiftsINCd/b/aSummitatSnoqualmie,

No.602110I.

EstateofHarshmanv.JacksonHoleMountainResort
,No.028046.

RichardPenniman,(personalcommunication,June2,2012)

NotesfromClass
PRTRiskandLiability
FinalExamNotes

PRT3520
Liability

Risk
Theuncertaintyofaresulthappeningorlossthechanceofinjurydamageorlossespeciallythe
existenceandextentofthepossibilityofharm.

TypesofRisk
Physical,Financial,Psychological,Political.

Canweeliminateallrisk?
NO

Shouldwe?

No!

Whoshouldweprotect

Theprocedureofsystemsusedtominimizeaccidentallosses.

Focuson

Customer

Employee(volunteersareconsideredemployees)

Organization

LEGALTERMS

Foreseeability
Requiresactualknowledgeofadangerouscondition,whichimposesaspecialdutytodo
somethingaboutthatcondition.

(peoplewillfallskiingsohavepatrolonduty)

(howlikelyissomethinggoingtohappen)

(andwhowilliteffect)

(industrystandardshouldbeyourminimum)

Duty
Alegalobligationthatisowedofduetoanotherandthatneedstobesatisfiedan,anobligationfor
whichsomebodyelsehadacorrespondingright.

(weowethemtherighttokeepthemassafeaswecan)

LAW

CriminalLaw
GovernmentProsecution.Jailtimeorfines.Seebookchapter1.Beyondareasonable
doubt

ReasonableDoubt
Thedoubtthatpreventsonefrombeingfirmlyconvictedofadefendantsguiltorthe
beliefthatthereisarealpossibilitythatadefendantisnotguilty,mustbeginwiththeassumptionthatthe
defendantisinnocent.


CivilLaw
thelawofcivilorprivaterights,asopposedtocriminallaworadministrativelaw.

Nottopunishbuttogaincompensation.

Standardofjudgment

Preponderanceofevidence

PreponderanceofEvidence
thegreaterweightofevidence,notnecessarilyestablishedbythegreater
numberofwitnessestestifyingtoafactbutbyevidencethathasthemostconvincingforcesuperior
evidentiaryweightthat,thoughtnotsufficienttofreethemindwhollyfromallreasonabledoubt,isstill
sufficienttoinclineafairandimpartialmindtoonesideoftheissueratherthantheother.

Torts
Seebook.

Contracts
Anagreementbetweentwoormorepartiescreatingobligationsthatareenforceableor
otherwiserecognizableaslaw.

Negligence
Atortcommittedbyfailuretoobservethestandardofcarerequiredbylawunderthe
circumstances.

Standardofcare
thedegreeofcarethatareasonablepersonwouldexercise.

StrictLiability
Liabilitythatdoesnotdependonactualnegligenceorinterntoharm,butthatisbasedon
thebreachofanabsolutedutytomakesomethingsafe.Strictliabilitymostoftenapplieseitherto
ultrahazardousactivitiesorinproductliabilitycases.

Nuisance
Acondition,activity,orsituationthatinterfereswiththeuseorenjoymentofproperty,especiallya
nontransitoryconditionorpersistentactivitythateitherinjuresthephysicalconditionofadjacentlandor
interfereswithitsuseorwiththeenjoymentofeasementsonthelandorofpublichighways.Theclassof
tortsarisingfromsuchconditions,acts,orfailurestoactwhentheyoccurunreasonably.

ConstitutionalTorts
Aviolationofonesconstitutionaltightsbyagovernmentofficerredressablebyacivil
actionfileddirectlyagainsttheofficer.

IntentionalTorts
Atortcommittedbysomeoneactingwithgeneralorspecificintent.

PersonalTort

Atortinvolvingorconsistinginaninjurytoonesperson,reputation,orfeelingsas
distinguishedfromaninjuryordamagetorealorpersonalproperty.

Property

Atortinvolvingdamagetoproperty.

RiskManagementCaseStudy
DueJune5

TheLegalProcess

Englishcommonlaw

Asystemoflawsderivedfromcenturiesofexperience,studyandtradition

Dealswithlegalrelationships,powerandliabilities.

Recognizesthepowerofgovernmentlieswiththecommonpeoplenotinanelitegroup

Judgeisimpartialrefereetothedispute


boundtoprotectrightsofpartiesinthedispute

HowLawsareCreated

LegislatedlawsElectedofficialsdevelopandpasslaws

RegulatoryLawsCivilservantswriteregulationsthatcreatestherulesbywhichthelawis
implemented

CaselawsCourtdecisionscreatealawforaparticularsubjectasaresultofadjudicatedcases

FederalJudicialSystem

USdistrictCourt

Trialcourt

USCircuitCourtofAppeals

Dividedintotwelvejudicialcircuits

USSupremeCourt

Decisionsbecomethestandardoflaws

PreTrailProcedures

EventPropertyloss,injuryordeath

Complaint/summonsissuedbythecourt

AnswerDefendantmustrespondwithin21days

Motiondismissal,summaryordefeat

DiscoveryDepositions,interrogations,documents,medicalexams

PretrialconferenceMorethan90%ofcasessettled,therestproceedtotrial

DefendantrespondstoCivilComplaint

Mustfileananswertocomplaintinordertoavoidadefaultjudgmentagainsthim

DemurrerAstatementbythedefendantclaimingthattheplaintiffhasnotstatedacause
ofaction

AdmissionandDenialsAdefendantcanadmitthetruthofsomeallegationsanddenythe
truthofothers

CounterclaimDefendantrespondsbystatinghehahisowncauseofaction

PreporarionforTrial

ImpanelingjurorsTheclerkofthecourtmakesalistofjurorswhohavebeenselectedfora

particulartrial.Theclerkdeterminesthepreliminaryqualificationsofthepotentialfinaljurors.

VoirDire
Tospeakthetruth

Thepreliminaryexamination,whichthecourtmaymakeofapotentialjuror,wherehisorher
competency,interestorobjectivitymaybechallenged

TrialProcedures

Juryselection

Openingstatements


Presentationofplaintiffscase

Presentationofdefendantscase

Closingarguments

Juryinstruction

JuryVerdict

Judgment

Jurisdiction

Federalsubjectmatterjurisdictionincludes,butisnotlimitedto:

Questionsarisingfromtheuseoffederalproperty

Violationsoffederallawsorstatutes

USconstitutionquestions

Internationaldisputes

Conflictsamongstatesoramongcitizensofdifferentstates.

Venue

Thelocationofthecourtisimportanttojurisdictionaswellasfairnesstoalllitigants

Sateshavelongarmstatutesthatallowthemtoservesummonstopersonsoutsidetheirpolitical
boundaries

Jurisdictioncanincludecriminal,bankruptcy,civil,military,contract,maritime,international,ect.

Pleadings

Defendantmayaskforadismissalofthecasebasedupon:

Lackofsubjectmatterjurisdiction(iebankruptcy)

Lackofpersonaljurisdiction(iemilitary)

Impropervenue(courtlocation)

Insufficiencyofprocess(courtprocedures)

Insufficiencyofserviceofprocess(mailed)

Failuretostateaclaim(nodamages)

Failuretojoinanindispensableparty
Crossclaims

Acrossclaimisagainstapersonorpersonsonthesamesideofthelitigationstatingthattheymay

bemoreresponsiblethanthecomplainant

Thirdpartypractice

Thirdpartypracticeisaclaimagainstanotherpartythatallegesthatthethirdpartyisormaybe

liableforallorpartofthedamages

ClassAction

Classactionclaimsproceedameansbywhichalargegroupofpersonsmaysueorbesuedas

representativesoftheclass

Interpleader

Interpleaderiswhentwoormorepersonsclaimthesamefundsorpropertyfromthedefendant.

Thisrequiresotherplaintiffstoenteracasesothesamefactsdonothavetobepresentedtwice.

AmicusCuriae


Isapersonorpartywithstronginterest,butnotalitigation.UsuallyaA.C.filesabriefonbroad

publicinterestissues.Literallytheyareafriendofthecourt

Posttrailappeals

Trialattorneysrepresentingthelitigantcanappealthedecisionofthecourtbasedupon

Abuseofdiscretionincasesinvolvingdiscretion

Clearlyerroneousfindingsoffact

Mistakesintheapplicationoflaw

Collateralestoppelsdoctrineprohibitsrelitigationofissuesoffact

Recovery

Thefinaljudgmentorverdictinacivilaction.Thisactionobtainsagaintherightsorrestitutionby

formaljudgment

CategoriesofRecovery

Moneyjudgment

Courtorderedactions

Decree(nonmonetaryrequirement)

Restrainingorder

Temporaryrestrainingorder

Divorceorder

Categoriesofmonetaryawards

Compensatorydamagedamagesawardedascompensationorrestitutionforharmdone.To

replacelossessuchaswages,medical,property.

Punitivedamagesdamagesawardedtopunishthedefendantbecauseoftheiroutrageousconduct

Consequentialdamage(painandsuffering)damagesawardedforsufferingbecauseoftheactof
thedefendant

NEGLIGENCE
Thefailuretoexercisethestandardofcarethatareasonableprudentpersonwouldhaveexercisedina
similarsituationanyconductthatfallsbelowthelegalstandardestablishedtoprotectothersagainst
unreasonableriskofharm,exceptforconductthatisintentionally,wantonly,orwillfullydisregardfulofothers
rights.

Elementsofnegligence

Duty
Thelegalobligationthatisowedorduetoanotherandthatneedstobesatisfiedanobligationfor
whichsomebodyelsehadcorrespondingright.

Breach
Theviolationofalegalormoralobligationthefailuretoactasthelawobligatesonetoact.

Causation
Somethingthatproducesandeffectorresult.

CauseinFact

Thecausewithoutwhichtheeventcouldnothavehappened.

ProximateCause

Acausethatislegallysufficienttoresultinliabilityanactoromissionthatis
consideredinlawtoresultinaconsequence,sothatliabilitycanbeimposedontheactor.

Injury
Actuallossordamagetotheplaintiff(real,verbal,criminal,slander)

DegreesofNegligence

Slight
Thefailuretoexercisethegreatcareofanextraordinarilyprudentperson,resultinginliabilityin
specialcircumstancesinwhichlackofordinarycarewouldresultinliabilitylackofgreatdiligence.

Ordinary
Lackofordinarydiligencefailuretouseordinarycare.

Gross
Alackofslightdiligenceorcare.Aconsciousvoluntaryactoromissioninrecklessdisregardofa
legaldutyandoftheconsequencestoanother,whomaytypicallyrecoverexemplarydamages(also
referredtoaswillfulwantonnegligence)

Willful

Voluntaryandintentionalbutnotnecessarilymalicious.

Wanton

Unreasonablyormaliciouslyriskingharmwhilebeingutterlyindifferenttothe
consequences.

OtherImportantFactors

PhysicalCharacteristics

MentalCharacteristics

SkillandKnowledge

ProductLiability
Amanufacturersorsellerstortliabilityforanydamagesorinjuriessufferedbya
buyer,user,orbystanderasaresultofadefectiveproduct.

DefensesofNegligence

ComparativeNegligence

Aplaintiffsownnegligencethatproportionallyreducesthedamagesrecoverablefromadefendant

Defendantneedstobeatleast50%liable

Appliestotheproportionofdamagestheyreceive

ContributoryNegligence

Aplaintiffsownnegligencethatplayedapartincausingtheplaintiffsinjuryandthatissignificant

enough(inafewjurisdictions)tobartheplaintifffromrecoveringdamages.

Anyfaultoftheinjuredpartyprecludesrecovery.

Basedonwhataprudentpersonwoulddo

Existsonlyinafewstates.

StatuteofLimitations

Alawthatbarsclaimsafteraspecifiedperiodspecificallyastatuteestablishingatimelimitfor

suinginacivilcase,basedonthedatewhentheclaimaccrued.

Maximumtimeperiodbetweentheeventandwhenthesuitcanbefiled.


FailureofProof

Thedefensethatapartysproofdoesnotestablishafactessentialtoaclaimordefense.

Theplaintiffisresponsibletoproveeachoftheelementsofnegligence.

AssumptionofRisk

Theprinciplethatonewhotakesontheriskoflossinjury,ordamagecannotmaintainanaction

againstapartythatcausestheloss,injuryordamage.

Inherentriskscommonlyassociatedwiththeactivity.

Presumedtohavebeenaccepted

Orally

Written

Implicitly

GovernmentalImmunity

Allowsgovernmententitiestobefreeformliability.

FederalTortClaimsAct/StateTortClaimsAct

AllvoidwhenWillfulandwantonconductispresent

LastClearChance
ActofGod
UnforeseeableCircumstances
UnforeseeablePlaintiff

DoctrineofRespondentSuperior

Ifanemployeeactsattheinsistenceordirectionofhisorheremployer,theemployercanbeheld
liableforthewrongfulactsofanemployee.

LegislativeAuthority

Lawsthatrestrictorprohibitsuitsthatresultinpropertylossorinjury(recreationlandusestatus)

Consent

Voluntaryandreasonableconsentbyapersonwiththementalcapacitytomakearational

decision.

ExculpatoryDocuments

Adocumentthatrelievesapersonororganizationfromliabilitythatresultsfromanegligentor
wrongfulact.

Doesnotrelieveapersonororganizationfromabsoluteliabilityresultingfromgrossorwillfuland
wantonacts.

ValidWaiversandReleasesMust
Beclearlywrittenandeasytounderstand
bemadeobviousthatitisawaiver
besignedbyanadult
bespecificaboutwhatitdoes
besignedvoluntarily
notbeagainstpublicpolicy
_________________________

IntentionalTorts!
Doesnotrelatetosomethingthatyoudidnotdo(negligence)butrathersomethingyoudiddo.

IntentionalTortstoPersons
Battery
Assault
FalseImprisonment
Intentionalemotionaldistress
Defamation
IntentionalTortstoProperty
Trespasstoland
TrespasstoChattel
Conversion

Battery

Anintentionalandoffensivetouchingofanotherwithoutlawfuljustification

Elements

1)Anactbythedefendant

2)Intendedtoresultinactualtouchingortheapprehensionofimminenttouching.

3)Whichactdoescausesuch(harmfulandoffensive)touching

FilingagainstthePERSONwhotouchedyou.
Yourrighttothrowyourfistsstopsattheendofmynose

Assault

Thethreatoruseofforceonanotherthatcausesthatpersontohaveareasonableapprehensionof
imminentharmfuloroffensivecontact.

Elements

1)Anactbyadefendantintendedto

2)Causeanapprehensionofanimmediatebattery

3)Withtheapparentabilitytocommitthebattery

FalseImprisonment
Arestraintofapersoninaboundedareawithoutjustificationorconsent
Privateaswellasgovernmental
Elements

1)Anactbyadefendantto


2)Confinetheplaintiff

3)Withindefinitephysicalboundaries

4)Withanawarenessoftheconfinement,and

5)Withouttheplaintiffsconsent

IntentionalInflictionofEmotionalDistress
Intentionallyorrecklesslycausinganotherpersonsevereemotionaldistressthroughonesextremeor
outrageousacts.
Elements

1)Anintentionalorrecklessactbythedefendant,

2)Constitutingextremeoroutrageousconduct

3)Causingsevereemotionaldistresstotheplaintiff

4)Resultingindamages
DefamationofCharacter
Theactofharmingthereputationofanotherbymakinga
false
statementtoathirdperson
Elements

1)Afalseanddefamatorystatementaboutanother

2)Intentionallypublishedtoathirdparty

3)Whichcausesinjurytoanother

Liable

Topublishinprint(includingpictures),writingorbroadcastthroughradio,televisionorfilm,

anuntruthaboutanotherwhichwilldoharmtothatpersonorhis/herreputation,bytendingtobringthe
targetintoridicule,hatred,scornorcontemptofothers.

Slander

Oraldefamation,inwhichsomeonetellsoneormorepersonsanuntruthaboutanother,
whichuntruthwillharmthereputationofthepersondefamed.

FourDeadlyDefamatoryStatementsinwhichaDefamationsuitwilllikelybefiled.
Dishonestbusinesspractices
Childmolesterorspouseabuser
Deviatesexualbehavior
Loathsomedisease

INTENTIONALTORTSTOPROPERTY

TrespasstoLand
Apersonsunlawfulentryonanotherslandthatisvisiblyclosed.
Elements

1)Anintentionalactbyadefendant

2)Toenterorcauseathirdpartyorobjecttoenter

3)Thelandinpossessionofanotherorcausingtheacttooccur.
Landbelowandairabove


DutyofCare
Invitee(paysfeetoenter)

Owedhighestdegreeofcare
Licensee(entersbypermissionbusinessorsocial)

Owedreasonableandordinarycarewarningofhiddenconditions.
Trespasser(enterslegallywithoutpayingorwithoutspecificpermission)

Owedleastamountofcarereasonableandordinarystandard.

Invitationsontoproperty
Mailbox
Sidewalk
UtilityService
Attractionnuisance

Adangerousconditionthatmayattractchildrenontotheland,therebycausingarisktotheirsafety.

(smallchildrencannotbeconsideredtrespassers)

AttractiveNuisance
Elements
1)Theownerofthepropertyhadknowledgeorshouldhavehadknowledgeoftheconditionofhisproperty
2)Childrenareattractedtotheproperty,oritisforeseeablethatchildrenwouldbeattractedtotheproperty
3)Featuresonthepropertywouldbeperceivedasbeinginherentlydangeroustochildrenbytheaverage
adult
40Theownerofthepropertyfailedtoexercisereasonablecaretoprotectthechildren

TrespasstoChattel(theftincriminalcourt)
Theactofcommitting,withoutlawfuljustification,anyactofdirectphysicalinterferencewithachattel
possessedbyanother
Chattel:moveableortransferableproperty
Elements
oAnintentionalactbythedefendant
oTointerferewiththepersonalpropertyoftheplaintiff
oWhichactdidinterferewiththeplaintiffsrighttopossession
oCausingdamages

Conversion
Thewrongfulpossessionofdispositionofanotherspropertyasifitwereonesown
Aserioustrespass,completelydenyingtheplaintiffaccesstohisorherproperty

RiskManagement
Identifyrisks
Bealerttounsafeconditions

Takequickactiontoavoidthatrisk

Skilllevelofparticipants

moreriskyorlessrisky

SupervisionThelevelyouneedtosafelysuperviseparticipants

Youneedtoknowtheskilllevelofyouremployees.

WeatherConditionsOutdoorshavedifferentrisksthatinside

canbeunpredictable

Powerbackupscanbeduetoweather

Physicalconditionsofparticipants

Understandwhatstandardspeoplemusthavetoplay

Understandthelevelofplaythatwillfitthepeopleplaying
Knowledgeofyourequipmentandtheenvironment

Heldtostandardsespeciallyifcostumers(invitees)use

Andwhattheywillneedintheoutdoorenvironment

Howtodeterminerisk.

1)wherethingshavehappenedbefore

keepanaccidentmap.

Knowwherethingshappen.
2)Highpublicusearea

3)Highdangerareas

CoverageConsideration
1)Facilitiesandevents
2)Categoriesofpeople

Inviteesvs.trespassers

Who,whenandwhere
3)typesofloss
4)Locations
5)Timeperiods

Typesofinsurance
1)Accident
2)Automobile
3)Weather
4)Travel/Event
5)ProductLiability
6)Professionalliability
7)Theft
8)PropertyLoss

WORKPLACERISK

Employeetermination

Documenteverything

Performancerelated

Discrimination

ThepersonreplacingyouisnotpartofyourgroupRace,genderexct..

Youmighthaveawrongful/discriminationclaim

Burdonofproofmustbeproducedbyplaintiff
SexualHarassment

Unwantedadvances

Powerstructureinvolved

Doesnthavetobeovertsex

Comments

Employerscanbeheldliableaswell

Harassmentwasreportedandnothingwasdone

Administratorshavingsexwithunderemployeeswillbeheldliable

Documentedsexualharassmenttrainingforallemployees

AmericanswithdisabilitiesActADA

Everyemployeemustbeabletodohisorherjob

Mustaccommodateeveryonesneeds

Toareasonablepoint

Enforcedthroughthecourtsystem(civillaw)

EmployeeEvaluations
Everyemployeemustevaluatedmultipletimesincludingbeforetheyarehired

Whoevercanperformthejobthebest

Jobdescription
Poorjobdescriptionswillgetyouintrouble

Enforceevaluationsequallyandconsistently

Ifyoudontthedoublestandardwillgetyouwithalawsuit
Avoidanychanceofdefamationofcharacterlawsuits

Untrue,toldtoathirdparty
Evaluationsdoneinprivate

Youmustbehonestitwillcoveryouagainstlitigation

Theymustsigntheevaluation

Youmusthaveanappealsprocess

WeeblyAccount
PRTMarketingFall2014
Createanonlinewebsitewithablog.

http://zachsthompson.weebly.com/

BusinessPlan
PRTBusiness
Entrepreneurship
Startyourownbusinesswithcompletebusinessplan.

http://whiskeyhive.weebly.com/

InternshipArchive

SponsorshipPrograms
Powderbird2014
Powderbirdworkscloselywithseveraloutdoorindustrypartners.These
partnershipsaredevelopedovertimeandthroughvigorouseffortstocreatea
partnershipthatbenefitsbothparties.IwasinvolvedinboththeSmithandTheNorth
Facepartnerships.

SMITHOPTICSPROPOSEDCUSTOMPACKAGES:
BelowisaproposedcustompartnershipprogramforSmithOpticswithalacartemenu
optionsofproposedexposureinreturnfromPowderbird.

OUROFFERINGS:ALACARTEBRONZE

SMITHLOGOPLACEMENTONHELICOPTER(S):Powderbirdishappytooffer
Smithselecthighexposurelogoplacementuponouraircraft(s).

SOCIALMEDIAOPPORTUNITIES:Sponsorpromotionsandcontentcreation.At
least2contentfocusedpostsaroundsponsorpermonth.1promotionalcontests
communicatedonPowderbirdsthreegrowingmediachannels.

WEBSITEANDMARKETINGCOLLATERAL:ThissummerPowderbirdis
launchinganewwebsitetoprovidebettercustomercareandheightenedsponsorship
exposure.PowderbirdishappytoofferSmithexposureonselectplatforms(Email
inquiries,reservationconfirmations,etc.)

GUIDEAPPROVEDOPPORTUNITIES:Exposureofsponsorproductsonall
guidestafffordailyexposureinthefield.


RETAILSTOREEXPOSURE:Wallspaceforexposurewithintheretailsegment
ofPowderbirdsofficesatSnowbirdandCanyonsResorts.

FACEBOOKADVERTISING:FacebookadvertisingeffortsgearedtowardSmiths
currentpromotionsandevents.

DISCOUNTEDSEATSANDPRIORITYBOOKING:Asamemberofourteamyou
areprivilegedtosharethestoke.Benefitsinclude:Fullaccesstoourfacilities
throughouttheseason,discountedpricingonallhelidaysandpriorityreservationfor
whenthesnowflies.

EVENT&EXPEDITIONOPPORTUNITIES:Inadditiontoourworldclassday
adventures,Powderbirdhasyearsofexperiencecreating,managing,andfilming
customadventuresaroundtheworld.

SMITHOPTICSPROPOSEDINVESTMENT:

PRODUCTPARTNERSHIP:$3,500$5,500inkindproductpartnership
measuredatretailpricing.

GUIDE&SUPPORTTEAMGEARPROGRAM

GUIDEGOGGLES:16Pairs

GUIDEHELMETS:16Helmets

GUIDESUNGLASSES:16Pairs

GUIDEINHOUSEUNIFORMS:1620Setsoflogoedtees,hoodiesand/orhats

SUPPORTINGSTAFFGOGGLES,SUNGLASSES:1517Pairs

FACILITY&PROMOTIONALITEMS

ARTWORK:34ArtpiecesforeachofPowderbirdsfacilitys.

HELIPORTSIGNAGE/BANNERS:12Outdoorpiecesthatcanbedisplayedat
SnowbirdandCanyonsResorthelipads.

HELICOPTER&VEHICLELOGOS:15AssortedSmithlogodiecutsfor
Powderbirdhelicopters.100smalldiecutsforguideskiesandgiveaways.

3CLIENTPROMOTIONALPACKAGES:$750$1000inkindproductmeasured
atretailprice.

RETAILMERCHANDISEOPPORTUNITY:

RETAILPRODUCTDISCOUNT:2030percentoffwholesaleonallmerchandise
purchases


Pleasenotethatthispackageisastartingpointtobeabletobeginadiscussion
together.
Wecannotwaittoexploreopportunitiesofhowwecanmergeeffortstocreatevast
exposureforbothorganizations.

Thankyouforyourconsideration,andwelookforwardtospeakingwithyousoon.


CallSheets
Powderbird201415
EverynighttheofficestaffmustcreateanFAArequiredflightmanifest,calleda
CallSheet.Thesesheetsmusthaveaccurateweightsforeachhelicopterliftaswellas
whoisguidingeachgroup.


OperationsPlan
Powderbird201415
Eachnight,alongwiththeCallSheet,theofficestaffmustcreateanOppsPlan
forthenextday.TheymustworkdirectlywiththeGuidestomakesureeveryemployee
isintherightplaceandknowswhatthewillbedoing.

OperationsPlanforWednesday21815
TodaysPlan:SW
TomorrowsPlan:SW

LCCBase:3liftsPremium,1LiftElsassCharter,1LiftJBIIICharter
7:00amMeeting

HelicopterandPilot

MG

PaulSeybold

(801)5579830
10:003liftsPremiumtoAFMB/MM/SH

VR

KevinFrisbey(910)2575433
9:301liftJBIIIChartertoCascadeSW/LC

MF

JoelSemenoff

(530)9062331
10:001liftElsassChartertoSessions/FPKO/MO

Guides:#7
KevinO'Rourke(801)6419512
MikeOlson(801)9183614
SpencerWheatley(801)5579328
SteveHall
(801)5603758
MatthewBiddle(970)3891711
LoganCookler(303)5893458
MikeMorris

(801)9108559
Forecaster

LCCBaseOperations:

NathanRothe
MattSchutt

(970)3897774
(802)7709524

Mechanic:

MarcOlesen(MtnAir)
ScottBoren(JR)

(208)3907267
(801)4505642

Breakfast:
SamNess

(517)2307896

Lunch:

RobinPace
SamNess

(775)3041630
(517)2307896

LCCMorningConcierge:
JaredGrant(517)6432100
AnnaWright(937)2170638
ZachThompson(307)3609100

Canyon'sBase:
Pickup1liftElsassCharterLCCpad

HelicopterandPilot
MF

JoelSemenoff
(530)9062331
9:30PickupinLCC1liftElsassPrivateGroupKO/MO

Guides:#0
RustyDassing(435)6408342

CanyonsBaseOperations:
StaceeSadler
(801)5585706
BrianBabbitt
(440)7876051

Mechanic:
MarcOlesen(MtnAir)

(208)3907267

Breakfast:
None

Lunch:
None

AMConciergeCanyons
CameronBabbitt(440)7592454

AcknowledgmentofRisk
Powderbird201415

VISITORACKNOWLEDGEMENTOFRISKS

InconsiderationoftheservicesofWasatchPowderbirdGuides,Inc.,MountainAir
Helicopters,JRHelicopters,andotherContractors,theirofficers,agents,employees,stockholders,andall
otherpersonsorentitiesassociatedwiththosebusiness(hereinaftercollectivelyreferredtoas
WPG/MAH/JRH/OC)Iagreeasfollows:

AlthoughWPG/MAH/JRH/OChastakenreasonablestepstoprovideyouwithappropriate
equipmentandskilledguidessoyoucanenjoyanactivityforwhichyoumayormaynotbeskilled,wewish
toremindyouthisactivityisnotwithoutrisk.Certainriskscannotbeeliminatedwithoutdestroyingthe
uniquecharacterofthisactivity.Thesameelementsthatcontributetotheuniquecharacterofthisactivity
canbecausesoflossofordamagetoyourequipment,accidentalinjuryorillnessor,inextremecases,
permanenttraumaordeath.Wedonotwanttofrightenyouorreduceyourenthusiasmforthisactivity,but
wethinkitisimportantforyoutoknowinadvancewhattoexpectandtobeinformedoftheinherentrisks.
Thefollowingdescribessome,butnotall,ofthoserisks:

Helicopterskiingoccursinterrainusuallyaccompaniedbybeautifulmountainscenery.This
sameterrainposesariskofavalanches.Naturalforcesincludingsteepnessofslopes,snowdepth,
instabilityofsnowpack,changingweatherconditionsorouractivitiesmaycauseavalanches.
WPG/MAH/JRH/OCofitsstaffmaymisjudgewhethertheterrainissafeforskiingorifavalanchesmay
occur.Conditionsinthemountainousareasusedforhelicopterskiingsometimeshidedangerousobstacles.
Thoseobstaclesmaybehiddenbysnowandinclude,butarenotlimitedto,crevasses,iceandsnow
cornices,treewells,treestumps,fences,creeks,rocksandboulders,forestdeadfall,holesanddepressions
belowthesnowsurfaceandvaryinganddifficultsnowconditions.Theskiterrainmaynothavebeenskied
previouslyandisnotregularlypatrolled.Skiersmaybelostorseparatedfromtheirskiingguidesorskiing
companionsbyskiinginforestedareas,wildandruggedterrain,orbadweather.Communicationinthis
mountainterrainisalwaysdifficultandintheeventofanaccident,rescueandmedicaltreatmentmaynotbe
immediatelyavailable.Furthermore,WPG/MAH/JRH/OCemployeeshavedifficultjobstoperform.They
mightmisjudgetheweather,theelements,ortheterrain.Theymaygiveinadequatewarningsor
instructions,andtheequipmentbeingusedmaymalfunction.

Iamawarethatthisactivityentailsrisksofinjuryordeathtome.Iunderstandthatthe
descriptionoftheserisksisnotcompleteandthatotherunknownorunanticipatedrisksmayresultininjury
ordeath.Iagreetoassumeresponsibilityfortherisksidentifiedhereinandthoserisksnotspecifically
identified.Myparticipationinthisactivityispurelyvoluntary,nooneisforcingmetoparticipate,andIelectto
participateinspiteoftherisks.

IcertifythatIamfullycapableofparticipatinginthisactivity.Therefore,Iassumefull
responsibilityformyself,includingmyminorchildren,forbodilyinjury,deathorlossofpersonalpropertyand
expensesthereofasaresultofthoseinherentrisksanddangersandofmynegligenceinparticipatinginthis
activity.

Ihaveread,understood,andacceptedthetermsandconditionsstatedhereinand
acknowledgethatthisagreementshallbeeffectiveandbindinguponme,myheirs,assigns,personal
representatives,estateandforallmemberofmyfamily,includinganyminorsaccompanyingme.I
acknowledgeIamnotrelyingonanyoral,written,orvisualrepresentationsorstatementsmadeby
WPG/MAH/JRH/OCincludingthosemadeinitsbrochuresorotherpromotionalmaterial,toinducemeto
participateinthisactivity.
SignatureofParticipant
Dateof

Participation

PrintedNameofParticipant

Ifunder18signatureofparentorlegalguardian

PrintedNameofParentorLegalGuardian

AddressofParticipant

PhoneNumberofParticipant
Powderbird2014/2015

Conclusion

IamveryluckytohavehadtheopportunitytointernatPowderbird.NotonlydidIgain
tremendousinsightintotherecreationindustry,Ialsomadeseveralclosefriendsand
industrycontacts.Thisopportunityhasleftmewithanewsenseofachievement,anda
confidencethatIcangoanywhereintheoutdoorindustryandsucceed.

WorkingdirectlywithJaredGranthasalsogivenmeanewappreciationforwhatit
meanstoworkhardandbecompletelydedicated.Heisaninspiration,ifeveryintern
gotachancetoworkwithsuchapersontheywouldbeamazedatwhatcanbe
accomplishedbysomeonesoyoung.

Powderbirdisaworldclassoperation,withbusinesscontactsallovertheworld.
Meetingnewpeopleanddoingmybesttomakesuretheretimewithuswasoneofthe
greatestexperiencesoftheirliveswasveryfulfillingtome.This,coupledwiththeother
tasksandprojectsIwasabletoworkonhasgivenmeagreatchancetoseewhata
smallrecreationcompanyneedstodotosucceed.

Duringtheevenings,especiallywhenIwastheonlyoneclosingandworkingonthe
nextday,therewaspressuretodothingsrightandnotmakemistakesthatcould
compoundthenextday.ThistaughtmetobethoroughandorganizedsothatIgot
everythingdoneaccuratelyandinatimelymanner.

Lastly,Iwouldliketothankeveryonewhowaspartofhelpingmealongtheway.
DanielleTimmerman,myinternshipadvisor,waspatientandunderstandingwhileIwas
tryingtofinishupthisinternshipaswellasmyfinalsemester,Ifeelveryluckytohave
hadateacherlikeher.JaredGrant,whowasalwaystherewhenIneededassistance,
andalwayswillingtohelpmewithmyinteractionswiththeU.Hehasbeenawonderful
mentorandagreatfriend.Finally,theUofUtah,forawhilewedidntthinkitwasgoing
tohappen,butlookatmenow,finallyoutofhere!!!