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InformationsystemWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Informationtechnologiesareaveryimportantandmalleableresourceavailabletoexecutives.[17]ManycompanieshavecreatedapositionofChief
InformationOfficer(CIO)thatsitsontheexecutiveboardwiththeChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO),ChiefFinancialOfficer(CFO),ChiefOperating
Officer(COO)andChiefTechnicalOfficer(CTO).TheCTOmayalsoserveasCIO[ChiefInformationOfficer],andviceversa.TheChiefInformation
SecurityOfficer(CISO)focusesoninformationsecuritymanagement.

Components
The6componentsthatmustcometogetherinordertoproduceaninformationsystemare:
1.Hardware:Thetermhardwarereferstomachinery.Thiscategoryincludesthecomputeritself,whichisoftenreferredtoasthecentralprocessingunit
(CPU),andallofitssupportequipments.Amongthesupportequipmentsareinputandoutputdevices,storagedevicesandcommunicationsdevices.
2.Software:Thetermsoftwarereferstocomputerprogramsandthemanuals(ifany)thatsupportthem.Computerprogramsaremachinereadable
instructionsthatdirectthecircuitrywithinthehardwarepartsofthesystemtofunctioninwaysthatproduceusefulinformationfromdata.Programsare
generallystoredonsomeinput/outputmedium,oftenadiskortape.
3.Data:Dataarefactsthatareusedbyprogramstoproduceusefulinformation.Likeprograms,dataaregenerallystoredinmachinereadableformon
diskortapeuntilthecomputerneedsthem.
4.Procedures:Proceduresarethepoliciesthatgoverntheoperationofacomputersystem."Proceduresaretopeoplewhatsoftwareistohardware"isa
commonanalogythatisusedtoillustratetheroleofproceduresinasystem.
5.People:Everysystemneedspeopleifitistobeuseful.Oftenthemostoverlookedelementofthesystemarethepeople,probablythecomponentthat
mostinfluencethesuccessorfailureofinformationsystems.
6.Feedback:itisanothercomponentoftheIS,thatdefinesthatanISmaybeprovidedwithafeedback.

Typesofinformationsystem
The"classic"viewofInformationsystemsfoundinthetextbooks[18]inthe1980swasofapyramidofsystemsthatreflectedthehierarchyofthe
organization,usuallytransactionprocessingsystemsatthebottomofthepyramid,followedbymanagementinformationsystems,decisionsupport
systems,andendingwithexecutiveinformationsystemsatthetop.Althoughthepyramidmodelremainsuseful,sinceitwasfirstformulatedanumber
ofnewtechnologieshavebeendevelopedandnewcategoriesofinformationsystemshaveemerged,someofwhichnolongerfiteasilyintotheoriginal
pyramidmodel.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_system

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