Barbiturate

Thiopental
Secobarbital
Pentobarbital
Phenobarbital
Benzodiazepine(BZD)
Trizolam
Midazolam
Alprazolam
Estazolam
Fludiazepam
Lorazepam
Temazepam
Flunitrazepam
Clonazepam
Diazepam
Flurazepam

Flumazenil

Zopidem (Stilnox)
Zopiclone
Buspirone
Diphenhydramine
Baclofen

Depression

Epilepsy

Schizophrenia

Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Carbamazepine (Tegretol )
Primidone
Phenobarbital
Ethosuximide
Gabapectin
Clonazepam
Tiagabine
Diazepam
Vigabactin
Lorazepam
Topiramate
Valproic acid

Felbamate
(Deparkine )

Haloperidol
Thioridazone
Chlorpromazine

Levetiracetam

Parkinsons disease

Venlafaxine

Mirtazapine
Trazodone

Opioid

Meperidine

Benztropine
Biperiden
Trihexyphenidyl

Bupropion

Clozapine
Olanzapine

Selegiline

Apimorphine

Fluoxetine
Sertraline

Risperidone
Ziprasidone

Endorphin
Enkephalin
Dynorphin

Ropinirole
Pramipexole

Imipramine
Clomipramine
Amitriptyline

Amisupride
Aripiprazole

Carbidopa + L-dopa = Sinemet

Tolcapone
Encatapone

Bromocriptine
Pergolide

Moclobemide
Tranylcypromide
Phenelzine

Pethidine
(= Demerol )

Morphine
Fentanyl
Tramodol
Codeine
Dextromethophan
Methadone

Agomelatine

Anesthesia
IV
Ketamine
Etomidate
Thiamylal
(= Citosol)

Propofol

N2o(nitrous oxide)
Desflurane
Sevoflurane
Isoflurane
Enflurane
Halothane
Methoxyflurane

Procaine
Tetracaine
Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
bupivacaine (Marcaine)

2014.04.06.

Coma

(insomnia)
sleep-onset insomnia
sleep-maintenance insomnia

Anxiolytics
Sedatives

Alcohol withdrawal symptoms:

Early onset(<24hr)
1. Autonomic overactivity: HR, BP,
diaphoresis
2. nausea, vomiting
3. hand tremor
4. Psychologic: agitation, restlessness,
anxiety, distractability, impaired memory
and judgment, transient hallucinosis, sleep
disturbance
5. Generalized tonic-clonic seizure
Later onset (24-72hrs)
Delirium tremens: within 24-72 hrs,
mortality in 5-10%

Hyponics
Anti-convulsants
Anesthetics

Epilepsy
Epilepsy
Aura (Pre-ictal)
Ictus
Post-ictal

AEDs
1
2

3
AEDs
AED
EEG

Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR)

Type A (augmented pharmacologic effects)
dose dependent and predictable
Type B (idiosyncratic)
dose independent and unpredictable
NSAIDphenytoincarbamazepine

SIS/TEN 9

2014.04.06.

Parkinsons diseaseSchizophrniaMajor Depression Disorder

Parkinsonism: (TRAP)
bradykinesia/Akinesia
resting Tremor
Rigidity
Postural instability
Dopaminergic pathways
mesolimbic pathway
mesocortical pathway
nigrostriatal pathway
tuberoinfundibular pathway

1. Da. partial agonist
2. Serotonin-Da. antagonist
3. Multi-acting receptor targeted
agents (MARTAs)

ExtraPyramidal Syndromes:
2nd ary parkinsonism
acute akathisia ()
acute dystonia ()
tardive dyskinesia ()
2014.04.06.

Major Depressive Episode

DSM-IV
A. 5/9
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Anxiety Disorders
Panic Disorder
Specific Phobia
Social Phobia
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
PostTraumatic Stress Disorder

Manic Episode
DSM-IV
A. 3/7
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

 (pain)
an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage

hyper- esthesia
hypo- esthesia
an- esthesia ()

hyper- algesia
hypo- algesia
an- algesia ()
neur algia

Nonnarcotic analgesics (Acetaminophen, NSAIDs)

Narcotic analgesics (morphine )

agonist of -opioid receptors in CNS
(Synergism) Opioid NSAID

Acute pain
Chronic pain

Nociceptive pain is the perception of

nociceptive input, usually due to tissue damage.
- somatic pain (arising from body tissues
injury, well localized)
- visceral pain (arising from viscera,
mediated by stretch receptors, poorly localized,
deep, dull, and cramping)
Neuropathic pain arises from hyperactivity
of CNS or PNS secondary to disease, injury, or
dysfunction of the nervous system.

WHO three-step analgesics ladder

+ m.

strong
opioid
weak
opioid

Nonopioid

morphine
fentanyl

Severe pain

codeine
tramodol

Moderate pain

NSAID
acetaminophen

Mild pain
2014.04.06.


a temporary state consisting of unconsciousness, loss of memory, lack of pain, and muscle relaxation

(General Anesthesia)

lack of pain

analgesia

unconsciousness
loss of memory

Hypnosis
(+ amnesia)

muscle relaxation

immobility

> >

+
dissociative anesthesia
A form of general anesthesia characterized by
catalepsy, catatonia, and amnesia, but not
necessarily involving complete unconsciousness

CV

Ketamine

1.
2. Dissociative anesthesia ( )

Etomidate

1. CV op.
2. cortisol ( CGMH )

Thiamylal

Propofol

CMR
ICP

BP
HR

TV
RR

(Midazolam)

2014.04.06.

1. () PONV
2.
injection pain
propofol infusion syn. (HR w/ )


( Local Anesthesia )

B H+ BH+
Na+
Ep.
n. fiber

Ester Procaine

Amidelidocaine (xylocaine)bupivacaine (Marcaine)

CNS CV CNS CV

2014.04.06.


( Neuraxial Anesthesia = Regional Anesthesia )

op.
CSNSD


1. Regional
2. Baricity CSF
Baricity

- spinal anesthesia (= subarachnoid anesthesia)

Post-dural Puncture Headache

- epidural anesthesia

2014.04.06.