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This spreadsheet is designed as an aid in performing pressure vessel calculations in accordance with the
ASME Section VIII, Division 1 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. The calculations contained in this program are
useful for rerating vessels, performing alterations, or for general design studies. The work sheets in the
program deal only with the most commonly used portions of the code. The program is not intended to include
all aspects of the code. Refer to the applicable sections of the code for restrictions. The calculations take into
consideration only stresses imposed as a result of pressure. Other superimposed loads such as piping or
equipment reactions, wind loading, fluid shock, etc. must be considered seperately. Including the introduction,
there are eleven work sheets in the program.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Introduction
Shell thickness
t for ellipsoidal head
t for torispherical head
t for hemispherical head
t for bolted flat head
Material properties
External pressure on shells
Stiffening ring
Reinforcement requirement with no added element
Reinforcement requirement with element added
Page 1
Introduction
Page 2
Shell thickness
The minumum thickness will be the greater thickness of t = (PR)/(SE - 0.6P) for circumferential stress or
t = (PR)/(2SE + 0.4P) for longitudinal stress.
Enter Values:
P=
R=
S=
E=
35 psi
172 inches
17500 psi
0.85
t=
t=
NOTE: The value of S is selected from the allowable stress tables andinfor the appropriste desig
Section 2D ot the ASME code. Do not use yield or tensile
stregnth values as in API 653 calculations.
0.405 inches
0.202 inches
Page 3
USE
t=
0.405 inches
Formed vessel heads generally fall into one of three categories: ellipsoidal, torispherical, or hemispherical.
Ellipsoidal: Inside depth of the head minus the skirt is equal to one fourth of the inside diameter of the skirt.
These are also commonly refered to as 2:1 elliptical heads.
Torispherical: Inside crown radius is equal to the outside diameter of the skirt and the knuckle radius is 0.06 times
the inside crown radius.
It will not be readily apparent in the field whether a head is ellipsoidal or torispherical so it's best to consult vendor
drawings and data.
The calculations below are for pressure on the concave side.
Thickness calculation for ellipsoidal head. Based on ASME Section VIII, paragraph UG-32(d)
t=(PD)/(2SE - 0.2P)
Enter values:
Calculated thickness,
where
P=
D=
S=
E=
t=
35 psi
162 inches
13800 psi
1
0.205 inches
Page 4
Formed vessel heads will generally fall into one of three categories: ellipsoidal, torispherical, or hemispherical.
Ellipsoidal: Inside depth of the head minus the skirt is equal to one fourth of the inside diameter of the skirt.
These are also commonly refered to as 2:1 elliptical heads.
Torispherical: Inside crown radius is equal to the outside diameter of the skirt and the knuckle radius is 0.06 times
the inside crown radius.
It will not be readily apparent in the field whether a head is ellipsoidal or torispherical so it's best to consult vendor
drawings and data.
The calculations below are for pressure on the concave side.
Thickness calculation for torispherical head. Based on ASME Section VIII, paragraph UG-32(e)
t = (.885PL)/(SE-0.1P)
Enter values:
Calculated thickness,
35 psi
146 inches
13800 psi
1
0.328 inches
Page 5
cal, or hemispherical.
Page 6
Formed vessel heads will generally fall into one of three categories: ellipsoidal, torispherical, or hemispherical.
Ellipsoidal: Inside depth of the head minus the skirt is equal to one fourth of the inside diameter of the skirt.
These are also commonly refered to as 2:1 elliptical heads.
Torispherical: Inside crown radius is equal to the outside diameter of the skirt and the knuckle radius is 0.06 times the
inside crown radius.
It will not be readily apparent in the field whether a head is ellipsoidal or torispherical so it's best to consult vendor
drawings and data.
The calculations below are for pressure on the concave side.
Thickness calculation for hemispherical heads. Based on ASME Section VIII, paragraph UG-32(f)
t = (PL)/(2SE-0.2P)
where
Enter values:
P=
L=
S=
E=
4500 psi
6.8 inches
30000 psi
1
Calculated thickness,
t=
0.518 inches
t is less than 0.365L or P is less than 0.665SE; therefore, code formula is valid.
Page 7
al, or hemispherical.
Page 8
CALCULATION FOR THICKNESS OF BOLTED, FLAT UNSTAYED CIRCULAR HEADS, COVERS, AND BLIND FLANGES
Enter values:
Bolt circle diameter
Nominal bolt size
Number of bolts
Gasket Factor,
Seating stress,
Gasket O.D.,
Gasket I. D.,
Sealing Face O.D.,
Sealing Face I.D.,
Design pressure,
m=
y=
Go =
Gi =
Fo =
Fi =
P=
48.625
0.75
52
3.75
9000
47.375
46.375
47.375
44.5
115
20000 psi
17500 psi
A=
Ab =
1. This program calculates the minimum required thickness for bolted, flat
unstayed circular heads, covers, and blind flanges of the type shown in
Fig. UG-34, sketch (j) and sketch (k) of Part UG-34 in the ASME Boiler
and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1.
psi
inches
inches
inches
inches
psi
Calculated values:
Bolt area, single bolt
Total bolt area
Diameter at location of gasket load
reaction
NOTE:
inches
inches
2
0.334 in
2
17.368 in
G=
46.88 inches
N=
0.50 inches
SCROLL DOWN
bo =
0.25
b=
0.25
W m2 = 3.14bGy =
W m1 =
331340 lbs.
.785G2P + 6.28bGmP
t1 =
2.191 inches
t2 =
0.8865659 inches
230212 lbs.
2.191 inches
Page 9
Am2 = W m2/Sb =
16.57 in2
Am1 = W m1/Sb =
11.51 in2
Bolt area
selected
16.567 in2
Material Properties
Nominal
Composition
SPEC
NO.
C-Mn-Si
C-Mn
SA36
SA53
S/B
C-Si
SA106
SA179
1
MINIMUM
TENSILE,
psi
MINUMUM
YIELD, psi
plate, sheet
smls. pipe
58,000
60,000
36,000
35,000
smls. pipe
60,000
TYPE/
GRADE PRODUCT FORM
-20 to
100
150
200
250
300
400
500
600
14.5
14.5
14.5 14.5
15.0
15.0
15.0 15.0
35,000
15.0
15.0
15.0 15.0
smls. tube
47,000
26,000
11.8
11.8
11.8 11.8
1Cr- /5 Mo
SA193
B7
bolting (<2.5")
125,000
105,000
25.0
25.0
25.0 25.0
16Cr-12Ni-2Mo
SA193
B8M2
bolting (<2")
95,000
75,000
18.8
18.8
18.8 18.8
SA214
wld. tube
47,000
26,000
10.0
10.0
10.0 10.0
C-Si
SA234
WPB
fittings
60,000
35,000
15.0
15.0
15.0 15.0
18Cr-8Ni
SA240
304
plate
75,000
30,000
18.8
12.9
12.1 11.4
18Cr-8Ni
SA240
304H
plate
75,000
30,000
18.8
12.9
12.1 11.4
18Cr-8Ni
SA240
304L
plate
70,000
25,000
16.7
11.7
10.9 10.3
14.3
13.3 12.6
16Cr-12Ni-2Mo
SA240
316
plate
75,000
30,000
18.8
16Cr-12Ni-2Mo
SA240
316L
plate
70,000
25,000
16.7
11.7
10.9 10.4
SA283
plate
55,000
30,000
13.8
13.8
13.8 13.8
SA285
plate
55,000
30,000
13.8
13.8
13.8 13.8
18Cr-8Ni
SA312
TP304L
smls. pipe
70,000
25,000
16.3
11.7
10.9 10.3
16Cr-12Ni-2Mo
SA312
TP316L
smls. pipe
70,000
25,000
16.7
11.7
10.9 10.4
1Cr-1/5 Mo
SA320
L7
bolting
25.0
25.0 25.0
SA333
smls. pipe
105,000
35,000
25.0
C-Mn-Si
125,000
60,000
15.0
15.0
15.0 15.0
smls. pipe
60,000
30,000
15.0
15.0
15.0 15.0
P11
1Cr- /2 Mo
SA387
65,000
40,000
16.3
16.3
16.3 16.3
C-Si
SA515
70
plate
70,000
38,000
17.5
17.5
17.5 17.5
C-Si
SA516
55
plate
55,000
30,000
13.8
13.8
13.8 13.8
C-Mn-Si
SA516
60
plate
60,000
32,000
15.0
15.0
15.0 15.0
C-Mn-Si
SA516
65
plate
65,000
35,000
16.3
16.3
16.3 16.3
C-Mn-Si
SA516
70
plate
70,000
38,000
17.5
17.5
17.5 17.5
plate
40,000
18,000
10.0
10.0
plate,sheet,strip
85,000
35,000
21.3
17.2
16.4 15.8
14.6
13.9 13.4
Aluminum
Al
SB309
5083
Hastelloy G30
40Ni-29Cr-15Fe-5Mo
SB582
40Ni-29Cr-15Fe-5Mo
SB626
N06030
N06030
wld. tube
85,000
35,000
18.1
Hastelloy B2
65Ni-28Mo-2Fe
SB333
N10665
plate
110,000
51,000
27.5
27.5
27.5 27.2
65Ni-28Mo-2Fe
SB619
N10665
wld. pipe
110,000
51,000
23.4
23.4
23.4 23.1
65Ni-28Mo-2Fe
SB622
N10665
smls pipe
110,000
51,000
27.5
27.5
27.5 27.2
11.3 10.4
Zirconium
95.2Zr+Cb
SB550
R60705
bar
80,000
55,000
20.0
12.5
95.2Zr+Cb
SB551
R60702
plate
55,000
30,000
13.0
9.3
7.0
6.1
95.2Zr+Cb
SB551
R60705
plate
80,000
55,000
20.0
12.5
11.3 10.4
95.2Zr+Cb
SB658
R60702
55,000
30,000
13.0
9.3
7.0
6.1
95.2Zr+Cb
SB658
R60705
80,000
55,000
20.0
12.5
11.3 10.4
Page 10
6.0
6.0
Material Properties
650
cont'd ==>
700
750
800
850
900
950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500
15.0 14.4
13.0
10.8
7.8
15.0 14.4
13.0
10.8
8.7
6.5
11.8 11.5
10.6
9.2
7.9
6.5
25.0 25.0
23.6
21.0 17.0
12.5
18.8 18.8
18.8
18.8 18.8
14.5
10.0
4.5
2.5
8.5
4.5
9.8
9.1
7.8
6.7
5.5
3.8
2.1
15.0 14.4
13.0
10.8
8.7
6.6
4.6
2.5
11.2 11.1
10.8
10.6 10.4
10.2 10.0
9.8
9.5
8.9
7.7
6.1
4.7
3.7
2.9.
2.3
1.8
1.4
11.2 11.1
10.8
10.6 10.4
10.2 10.0
9.8
9.5
8.9
7.7
6.1
4.7
3.7
2.9.
2.3
1.8
1.4
10.1 10.0
9.8
9.7
12.3 12.1
11.9
11.7 11.6
11.2
11.0
9.8
7.4
5.5
4.1
3.1
2.3
1.7
1.3
10.2 10.0
9.8
9.6
9.4
13.8 13.3
12.1
10.0
8.4
10.1 10.0
9.8
9.7
10.2 10.0
9.8
9.6
9.4
15.0 14.4
13.0
10.8
7.8
3.0
1.5
15.0 15.0
14.8
14.4
14
13.6
9.3
6.3
4.2
2.8
1.9
1.2
16.3 16.3
16.3
16.3 15.8
15.2 11.3
7.2
4.5
2.8
1.8
1.1
17.5 16.6
14.8
12.0
9.3
6.5
4.5
2.5
13.8 13.3
12.1
10.0
8.4
6.5
4.5
2.5
15.0 14.4
13.0
10.8
8.7
6.5
4.5
2.5
16.3 15.5
13.9
11.4
9.0
6.5
4.5
2.5
17.5 16.6
14.8
12.0
9.3
6.5
4.5
2.5
15.5 15.2
14.9
14.6
13.2 12.9
12.7
12.4
26.8 26.6
26.1
25.6
22.8 22.6
22.2
21.8
26.8 26.6
26.1
25.6
13.8
6.5
25.0 25.0
10.4
9.9
6.0
4.8
10.4
9.9
6.0
4.8
10.4
9.9
Page 11
Thickness of cylindrical shells under external pressure. ASME Sect. VIII, paragraph UG-28.
This work sheet calculates the allowable external pressure for a cylindrical vessel having a known outside
diameter, wall thickness, and length between lines of support. It is assumed that external stiffeners are
adequately designed.
Gather the following information and reference materials prior to using the worksheet.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
90 inches
1 inches
920 inches
Do / t =
90
L / Do =
10.222
0.00015
2000
29.63 psi
2.90E+07
32.22 psi
Page 12
Stiffening Ring
This worksheet calculates the required moment of inertia for a stiffening ring attached to a cylindrical
shell under external pressure. The calculated moment of inertia can be compared to the moment of
inertia of a corroded or damaged stiffening ring.The calculation is performed in accordance to ASME
Sect. VIII, paragraph UG-29.
inches
inches
psi
psi
2
2.39 in
40 inches
5107
0.0004
4
12.15 in
0.00042
4
12.67 in
Page 13
reinforcement, no element
Reinforcement requirement for openings in shells without reinforcing elements. Reference ASME Sect. VIII, paragraph UG-37. Calculations
in this work sheet are valid only for circular openings in cylindrical shells or formed heads (flat heads excluded). See paragraphs UG-36
through UG-43.
Enter values:
Design pressure
250 psi
Design temperature
150
Corrosion allowance
Allowable stress for
nozzle mat'l
Sn =
Allowable stress for
shell mat'l
Sv =
Correction factor for
nozzle orientation, F=
required shell
thickness
tr =
Calculated values:
strength reduction
factor,
fr1 =
Required nozzle
thickness
Area available in shell
Area available in
nozzle projecting
outward
Area available in
nozzle projecting
inward
A3 =
Inside diameter of
vessel,
Nominal thickness of
shell,
t =
Nominal thickness of
nozzle wall,
tn =
0 in.
Finished diameter of
opening,
d=
Leg length of outward
nozzle weld,
li =
16600 psi
14300 psi
60 in.
0.75 in.
0.5 in.
11.75 in.
0.375 in.
1
y
n
0
0
0.530 in.
strength recuction
factor,
fr2 =
Reinforcing area
required,
A=
1.00
0.089 in.
1.00
2
6.228 in
A1 =
2.585
or
A1 =
0.550
2.585
A2 =
1.540
or
A2 =
1.03
1.03
Area available in
outward weld, A41 =
0.141
2
Total available area =
3.752 in
Available area is less than area required. Opening is not adequately reinforced. Reinforcing elements
must be added or thicknesses must be increased.
Page 14
0.000
Reinforcement requirement for openings in shells with reinforcing elements. Reference ASME Sect. VIII, paragraph UG-37. Calculations in
this work sheet are valid only for circular openings in straight cylindrical shells and formed heads. See paragraphs UG-36 through UG-43.
Enter values:
0 in.
Inside diameter of
vessel,
Nominal thickness of
shell,
t =
Nominal thickness of
nozzle wall,
tn =
16600 psi
Finished diameter of
opening,
d=
Design pressure
Design temperature
Corrosion allowance
Allowable stress for
nozzle mat'l
Sn =
250 psi
0.5 in.
11.75 in.
14300 psi
0.250 in.
14300 psi
Thickness or height of
element,
te =
0.500 in.
700
60 in.
0.75 in.
1
y
n
0
0
18.75
Note: E1=1 when opening is in solid plate or in Category B butt weld. Use efficiency obtained
from Table UW-12 when opening passes through any other weld.
Joint efficiency at
opening location, E1=
0.85
0.5
Calculated values:
Required nozzle
thickness
0.089 in.
strength reduction
factor,
fr1 =
1.00
1.00
strength reduction
factor,
fr3 =
1.00
1.00
Reinforcing area
required,
A=
Area available in shell
Area available in
nozzle projecting
outward
Area available in
nozzle projecting
inward
A3 =
Area in outer element
weld
A42 =
A1 =
1.263
A2 =
1.540
0.25
2
6.228 in
or
A1 =
0.269
1.263
or
A2 =
1.438
1.44
Area available in
outward nozzle weld,
A41 =
0.063
Area available in
element,
A5 =
3.000
2
Total available area =
6.013 in
Available area is less than area required. Opening is not adequately reinforced. Reinforcing elements
must be added or thicknesses must be increased.
Page 15
0.000