Alia Bolton

Bolton

Professor Taylor

English 1A STACC

March 21, 2015

Annotated Bibliography on immigration reform and sex trafficking in women and children

When laying out the issues of immigration and the crime of sex trafficking in women and
children, I also go over certain steps that should be taken towards bringing this issue to the
forefront. Lots of research was done to discover a solution me uncover the harsh reality of what
is going on in this trade in places such as United Staes and various parts of Europe, no first world
countries are immune this dark trade.

To make writing this research paper go more fluently I will present each topic very clearly
to later easily come to a conclusion of mine which will be a combination of the information that I
gathered and my own opinion of everything said.

The main topic on sex trafficking and immigration that I will focus on is the overall
obvious immoral nature of it and how anyone can be subject to its horrifying circumstances. Any
vulnerable young and even adult women especially ones that are not originally from the United
States can be prone to being sold into sex trafficking. When being sold into human trafficking
there are many uses that the trafficker may unfortunately have for them, such as prostitution,
child pornography, organ selling unfair labor and many others. So many children and young men
and especially women are being fooled into thinking that they going to have a prosperous life
with their families, but then instead becoming part of the sex trafficking industry. These
traffickers are usually friends of the family or acquaintances that have great communications
skills and can trick anyone into thinking they are working in their favor.

A handful or more of unaccompanied minors are abandoned and end up in the United States
coming from Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador to later be used for sex trafficking. These
unaccompanied minors are often only one or two years old which asks the questions, how did
they even get there on there own. These children are most likely doomed to grow up in this
lifestyle and later used for pros tuition when they are old enough.
There are laws in place against human trafficking yet it is still second to drug dealing as
earning the highest income in criminal industries. Since some businesses and factories use many
forms of sex trafficking that involve immigrants it's often difficult to bring the trafficking part to
light. Harboring illegal immigrants is more of a common issue in the United States and will
usually be dealt with first possibly not giving sex trafficking as much attention and if there is not
enough press for it that makes the traffickers involved more latitude to do what they do. This

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issue of sex trafficking not being in the front of news also keeps people ignorant to the extreme
dangers of it.

Women and girls make up about fifty six percent trafficked for forced labor while men and
boys make up forty four percent it's also said that ninety eight women are used for commercial
sex exploitation and men at two percent. The scary fact is that with the amount of people
trafficked around the world the annual profit is around 44.3 billion dollars. That's just terrifying
that 44.3 billion dollars are made a year of Hanna trafficking its no wonder so many heartless
and desperate people do and will continue to sell other people into this trade to make a living.

Sources and summarizations

Vance, Carole S. "States Of Contradiction: Twelve Ways To Do Nothing About Trafficking

While Pretending To." Social Research78.3 (2011): 933-948. Academic Search Premier. Web. 24
Mar. 2015.
http://web.b.ebscohost.com.ezp.pasadena.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=0e8b8914f0ba-4dd9-8298-0620bbf09de4%40sessionmgr114&vid=8&hid=106

There are many efforts that are taken to decriminalize prostitution and the trafficking of
young women into prostitution. A issue that many men, women and unfortunately children can
be forced into doing a variety of different types of labor such as sex trafficking, farming, factory
work, fishing and others as well is coming to the surface and hard to deny. International and US
laws encourage certain types of trafficking to go on. Anti trafficking laws in progress have to go
through a legislative process and the advocates behind it have to agree on an end game to make it
successful.
"Investigating Illegal Movement of People and Good." U.S Immigration and Customs
Enforcement. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Mar. 2015.
http://www.ice.gov/human-trafficking

The many evils and reality of Human trafficking in the United States now more than ever
are being focused here. Immigrants often pay to be brought to the US and are duped by people's
supposed kind nature only to then be in the hands of traffickers. Once in the hand of dangerous
traffickers they have no documents, are unsure of their whereabouts sometimes traveling with
family they realize there is to way to get out and are at the mercy of those keeping them.
Recognizing this is a relevant issue and to help people in this situation you must be aware and
prepared to call the police or organizations that are equipped to save immigrants in this situation.

Zurita, Brenda. "Articles: The Immigration Crisis and Human Trafficking." Articles: The
Immigration Crisis and Human Trafficking. N.p., 03 July 2014. Web. 21 Mar. 2015.
http://www.americanthinker.com/articles/2014/07


immigration_crisis_and_human_trafficking.html

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Many unaccompanied minors, a large part under the age of two and also under the age of
one, are coming from countries such as Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador and are taken into
custody because they cannot fend for themselves. It is suspected that thy are abandoned and
being trafficked for sale in the hopes of being part of child pornography, child prostitution and
illegal adoptions. The risk for Honduran children being trafficked in the U.S. for sex, porn and
grimmest reality, pains me mention, but for their organs as well. The coyotes that "help" men,
women and children get across the border are nine times out of ten not to be trusted. These
transporters may often put children in unspeakable situations by selling them into prostitution
before they get a chance even touch american soil. The children think they are going on a
journey to start their new life and hopefully make history, but never get close to that.

"Immigration Issues." Human Trafficking. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Mar. 2015.

http://www.fairus.org/issue/human-trafficking-exploitation-of-illegal-aliens

There are certain places where the law does not seem to really hold the people responsible
for trafficking in the United States. As drug dealing is one of the largest criminal businesses,
human trafficking is a close second to that and is rising every year in different parts of the world.
Of course anyone can be vulnerable to human trafficking but illegal immigrants are of highest
risk due to their sometimes trusting nature of people transporting them over the border. To
hopefully soon put an end to human trafficking the immigration laws in place must be better
enforced by our government. In August 2008, June 2008, December 2007 and along with many
other dates mention businesses were found guilty of human trafficking. These business owners
smuggled women into the United States and forced some to waitress and others to work as
prostitutes. .

Wheaton, Elizabeth M., Edward J. Schauer, and Thomas V. Galli. "Economics Of Human
Trafficking." International Migration 48.4 (2010): 114-141. Academic Search Premier. Web. 24
Mar. 2015.
http://web.b.ebscohost.com.ezp.pasadena.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=50cb6027bf83-4177-9b9b-9e84e2eca262%40sessionmgr110&vid=19&hid=106

Human trafficking is starting to delay national and international economic growth. Year by
year Businesses continue to plummet and become desperate in terms of what they can afford
with labor. Since businesses become so vulnerable they seek illegal and immoral ways of
compensating and because there are many instances of this and is so common they usually get
way with it for a while. There are so many economic factors that play into human and sex
trafficking as well. Human traffickers are in a nutshell getting vulnerable people and going to big
businesses that are in trouble and supplying them what they "need" at the time for big
compensation not taking into account the psychological toll and huge change it has on these

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victims. The victims are being passed around until they finally settle to a place that is most likely
10 thousand miles form their birth country and families.

Hepburn, Stephanie, and Rita Simon. "Hidden In Plain Sight: Human Trafficking In The
United States." Gender Issues 27.1/2 (2010): 1. MasterFILE Premier. Web. 24 Mar. 2015.
http://web.b.ebscohost.com.ezp.pasadena.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=50cb6027bf83-4177-9b9b-9e84e2eca262%40sessionmgr110&vid=8&hid=106

In 25 nations there are a lot of factors that show that in each of these countries are many
problems that make getting rid of human trafficking extremely difficult. For instance in our
country the United States it is hard to pin someone for solely human trafficking because
immigration is a main issue and trafficking may appear to not to I'm the forefront. Many scare
tactics are used to keep the victim of human trafficking in the hands of the abuser, withholding
visa is one if they have one and also more commonly threatening deportation. No country is
unique and excluded from the terrors of human trafficking, third, second and even first world are
prone to it. There 12.3 million people that subject to be victimized of forced labor at any given
time and forty three percent are trafficked for purposes of commercial sexual exploitation.

Zimmerman, Cathy, et al. "The Health Of Trafficked Women: A Survey Of Women Entering
Posttrafficking Services In Europe." American Journal Of Public Health 98.1 (2008): 55-59.
Academic Search Premier. Web. 24 Mar. 2015.
http://web.b.ebscohost.com.ezp.pasadena.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=50cb6027bf83-4177-9b9b-9e84e2eca262%40sessionmgr110&vid=13&hid=106

Some women that are victims of sex trafficking are said to have abuse before being thrown
into trafficking and also not surprisingly will have lots of physical and psychological problems
after they get out. Women being trafficked in Europe are often taken by family friends and
acquaintances. There is little knowledge of the what should be done and the exact needs for
someone that is rescued form trafficking situation. From January 2004 to around June 2005 there
were interviews to asses the post-trafficking services offered in Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech
Republic, Italy, Ukraine and the United Kingdom.